Reduction in Internal Carotid Arterial Blood Flow Velocity in Children During Antiepileptic Drug Therapy with Clinical Dosages

Summary: We studied the effect of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) on internal carotid artery (ICA) blood flow velocity, as an index of total cerebral blood flow (CBF). The subjects were 45 newly diagnosed children with febrile convulsion or epilepsy who were seizure-free for a period long enough not to affect the results. They had no neurologic deficit, received fixed monotherapy, and were examined by a noninvasive Doppler ultrasound method, in comparisonwith 13 age-matched normal volunteers with no AED. In 30 patients, the measurements were performed before and after AED administration [10 with phenobarbital (PB), 10 with carbamazepine (CBZ), and 10 with valproate (VPA)], and performed before and after AED discontinuation in the remaining 15 patients (all with PB). Normal volunteers underwent the two consecutive examinations with a mean interval equal to that of the entire patient group, and there was no difference in velocity values between the measurements. In patients receiving CBZ or VPA, a significant reduction was noted in blood flow velocity after drug administration. Although velocity values in the patients receiving PB did not change after drug administration, they were significantly increased after complete discontinuation. In the present study, a slight but significant reduction in CBF caused by AED administration at therapeutic doses in children was suggested.     

Short-term niflumic-acid-induced acute renal failure in children

Several reports emphasize the adverse effects of non-steroidalanti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on renal function. We haveobserved over the last 10 years seven cases of acute renal failure(ARF) due to immune interstitial nephritis in children. A recommendedoral or rectal dose of niflumic acid was prescribed for ear-nose-throatdisorders, Length of exposure was 1–5 days. Clinical symptoms (oedema, oliguria or anuria) appeared between3 and 6 days. Three patients had previously received the drug.Hypersensitivity signs (fever, skin rash, eosinophilia, and/orincreased IgE) were present in all cases, leukocyturia in fivecases, and haematuria in six cases. Renal biopsy showed interstitiallesions with lymphocyte, eosinophil, and plasma cell infiltrateswithout tubular cell necrosis. Glomeruli were normal on light-microscopy,except in one patient. Electron-microscopy showed extensivepodocyte fusion in two patients, who had clinical and laboratoryevidence of nephrotic syndrome (NS). ARF rapidly disappeared after NSAID withdrawal, except in twopatients whose renal failure was irreversible despite methylprednisolonebolus. ARF is very rare in children treated with niflumic acid.When ARF occurs, different pathophysiological mechanisms areinvolved but the most common is immunological.     

头孢替唑钠与头孢哌酮治疗小儿急性细菌性下呼吸道感染的临床疗效比较

目的:评价头孢替唑钠治疗小儿急性细菌性下呼吸道感染的临床有效性、安全性。方法:轻、中度急性细菌性下呼吸道感染患儿115例分成2组,头孢替唑组58例,予头孢替唑钠20～80mg/(kg·d),溶于10%葡萄糖溶液中,分2次静脉滴注。头孢哌酮组57例,予头孢哌酮50～150mg/(kg·d),分二次静脉滴注。两组均以7~10d为一疗程。结果:头孢替唑钠组与头孢哌酮组的临床有效率分别为93%与91%(P>0.05),细菌清除率分别为92%与89%(P>0.05)。两组均无明显的不良反应。结论:头孢替唑可作为治疗小儿轻、中度急性细菌性下呼吸道感染有效和安全的抗生素。     

一种新型人TNFα对人肝癌裸鼠移植瘤的抗瘤作用

用人肝癌Ｂｅｌ７４０２瘤株建立了人肝癌裸鼠移植瘤模型，探讨新型重组人ＴＮＦａ对这种移植瘤的抗瘤作用，结果表明，ｒｈＴＦａＤ１１ａ和原型重组人ＴＮＦａ的抑瘤率在３０％左右时，后者后用的活性产闰数是前者的２倍；两者用量相同时，前者的抑产经比后者提高２３个百分     

改进虎杖、鸡血藤炮制方法的研究

对虎杖、鸡血藤作了切制、干燥时间和成品、主要成分及水浸出物的比较。结果表明,趁鲜切片优于传统切块、再切片,既能提高饮片的规格质量和成分含量,亦能减少重复劳动,节约能源,避免药材的浪费。     

几种咪唑类外用抗真菌药接触性皮炎的初步研究

用３种常用外用咪唑类抗真菌药，达克宁霜（咪康唑）、联苯苄唑霜及癣敌软膏（益康唑）对１８５例有外用此类药物史的皮肤病病人进行了斑贴试验。结果斑试刺激反应及过敏反应阳性率分别为３．８％及４．３％，说明此类药物是常见的致敏原及刺激原之一。抗真菌剂致敏可出现急性接触性皮炎，应与真菌病加重相鉴别。斑贴试验可以诊断抗真菌剂接触性皮炎，并区分刺激反应与过敏反应。     

Comparison of the effect of intravenous ketoprofen, ketorolac and diclofenac on platelet function in volunteers

Background : Nonsteroidal anti–inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) inhibit prostaglandin synthesis which may result in impaired platelet function. Because NSAIDs have different abilities to inhibit cyclo–oxygenases we compared the effect of intravenous ketoprofen, ketorolac and diclofenac on platelet function in volunteers. Methods : Ten healthy male volunteers were given ketoprofen 1.4 mg kg^-1, ketorolac 0.4 mg kg^-1 and diclofenac 1.1 mg kg^-1 in saline i.v. on three different occasions, at more than one–week intervals, in a randomized double–blind crossover study. Platelet function was evaluated before (sample 0), 2 (sample 2) and 24 h (sample 3) after the beginning of the infusion. Results : Two of the volunteers had no secondary platelet aggregation in their aggregation curves before the experiment (sample 0, studied three times) and their results were excluded from the final analysis. Diclofenac inhibited adrenaline (0.9 μg–ml^-1) induced platelet aggregation less (median maximal aggregation 22.5%) than ketoprofen (18.3%) and ketorolac (15.7%) (P<0.05) in sample 2. In the ketorolac group in sample 3 an impairment of adrenaline (0.9 ng ml^-1) induced platelet aggregation was still seen (26.7%) (P<0.05) but not in the other groups. Diclofenac did not affect adenosine diphosphate (ADP) induced platelet aggregation. However, ketorolac caused an impairment in ADP (3 μM and 6 μM) induced platelet aggregation and ketoprofen in ADP (6 μM) induced platelet aggregation in sample 2. Bleeding time was prolonged (P<0.05) after ketoprofen and ketorolac (sample 2) but not after diclofenac. Platelet retention on glass beads was unaffected by the tested drugs. Conclusion : Ketoprofen, ketorolac and diclofenac caused a reversible platelet dysfunction. Diclofenac had the mildest effect, while platelet dysfunction was still seen 24 h after the beginning of ketorolac.     

白术茯苓汤及其配伍对脾虚大鼠胃肠激素的影响

目的：探讨益气健脾方剂治疗脾虚证的配伍规律。方法：采用苦寒泻下法复制大鼠脾虚模型，运用放射免疫分析法（RIA）检测白术茯苓汤及其与补气药。行气药及除湿药的不同配伍对脾虚大鼠胃泌素（GAS）、胃动素（MTL）及血管活性肠肽（VIP）的含量影响。结果：与正常对照组比较，脾虚模型大鼠GAS、MTL降低（P＜0．01），VIP升高（P＜0．01）；与自然恢复组比较，各治疗组以上部分或全部指标均有不同程度的改善，其中，以综合配伍组改善作用最优。结论：白术茯苓汤的脾虚大鼠胃肠激素的紊乱的某些指标，有一定的改善作用，综合配合组以上指标的改善，优于白术茯苓汤组及其余各配伍组，说明中医关于复方配伍的理论与实践，有其科学价值。