Alizapride,a new substituted benzamide,as an antiemetic during cancer chemotherapy

Summary In early clinical trials alizapride showed a better antiemetic activity with fewer side effects than metoclopramide. Alizapride has now been evaluated in an open dose — ranging study in 24 patients receiving strongly emetic chemotherapy. Alizapride 4–8 mg/kg was given as a 15 min infusion 0.5 h before and 1.5, 3.5, 5.5 and 8.5 h after the chemotherapy. At the dose levels of 6 and 8 mg/kg × 5, respectively 6 out-of 9 and 4 of 4 patients experienced side effects (hypotension, dizziness, profuse sweating, general malaise and diarrhoea). At 4 mg/kg × 54 of 15 patients experienced side effects due to alizapride (dyspnoea 1, diarrhoea 2, extrapyramidal syndrome 1 patient). Overall, 9 of 24 patients were partially or completely protected from nausea and vomiting. Based on this experience alizapride has antiemetic activity and few side effects in the dose of 4 mg/kg × 5.     

铀促排药物研究Ⅵ:2,3-二羟基-4-甲氧羰基苄基胺羧酰胺螯合剂的合成

铀化合物在国防工业和国民经济建设中有十分重要的地位,但其通过各种途径(主要是吸入)进入人体后对人体造成的危害却十分严重。陈文致、徐美忠等曾对几种新的膦酸类和含邻苯二酚残基的化合物进行研究,发现它们对铀的促排效果比钛铁试剂更好。为进一步探讨含邻苯二酚残基的螯合剂对铀促排的构效关系,我们合成了12种2,3-二羟基-4-甲氧羰基苄基胺羧酰胺类化合物(Ⅳ),并进行了多种金属的解毒试验。以生产香料香兰素的副产物邻香兰素(o-vanillin)为起始原料,经八步反应得到目标化合物(Scheme 1)。     

1-(3-酞酰亚胺基-2-氧丁基)-4-取代苯基哌嗪的合成及抗HIV-1逆转录酶活性

目的合成新型的非核苷类(双杂环苯基)化合物,并观察其抗HIV1-逆转录酶(HIV1-RT)活性。方法以氮芥盐酸盐为起始原料,与不同取代苯胺反应,得到相应的不同取代的哌嗪盐酸盐,并与1-溴-3-酞酰亚胺基-2-丁酮(4)缩合,得到目标化合物。结果合成11个目标化合物(5～15)。经¹HNMR,红外和元素分析确定结构。结论经HIV逆转录酶P-66蛋白测定,化合物11,14,10和13有一定抑制HIV1-RT活性,其IC₅₀分别为29.80,35.20,43.77和63.76 μmol·L^-1。     

Tucaresol increases oxygen affinity and reduces haemolysis in subjects with sickle cell anaemia

The primary pathophysiological event in sickling is the intracellular polymerization of deoxygenated haemoglobin S. Tucaresol (589C80;4[2-formyl-3-hydroxy-phenoxymethyl] benzoic acid), a substituted benzaldehyde, was designed to interact with haemoglobin to increase oxygen affinity and has been shown to inhibit sickling in vitro . We administered tucaresol to sickle cell patients in the steady state to examine the anti-sickling effect in vivo. Oral doses of tucaresol or placebo were given to nine stable sickle cell patients (aged 17–39 years; tucaresol, six; placebo, three) for 10 d. The first two patients on tucaresol were scheduled to receive a loading dose of 800 mg or 1200 mg (depending on bodyweight) for the first 4 d, followed by maintenance doses of 200 or 300 mg for the next 6 d. Due to concerns over the sharp rise in haematocrit in one patient, subsequent cohorts received 300 mg tucaresol daily throughout the dosing period. The oxygen affinity of haemoglobin S was increased in all patients receiving tucaresol, with between 10% and 24% of the haemoglobin modified, dependent on dose. In all patients on tucaresol, haemolysis was reduced with rises in haemoglobin of 0.9–3.7 g/dl (mean 2.2 g/dl), falls in lactate dehydrogenase of 16–52%, and a halving of the irreversibly sickled cell counts. These effects were apparent within a few days and persisted for 1–2 weeks following discontinuation of the drug. Three of the six patients on tucaresol developed fever and cervical lymphadenopathy, with onset between days 7 and 11 from start of drug. Further evaluation of the tolerability and efficacy of tucaresol in sickle cell patients is necessary.     

2-（E）-（3-甲氧基-4-环戊氧基苯基亚甲基）环戊酮衍生物的合成及抗肿瘤活性

目的设计并合成一系列2-（E）-（3-甲氧基-4-环戊氧基苯基亚甲基）环戊酮衍生物，并对其体外抗肿瘤活性进行筛选。方法合成目标化合物并用人肝癌细胞（Bel-7402）和人口腔癌细胞（KB）对化合物的体外抗肿瘤活性进行筛选。结果合成了5个目标化合物，其中3个未见文献报道。化合物的结构经IR、^1H NMR、MS和元素分析确证。初筛结果显示化合物5具有较高的活性，对Bel-7402和KB细胞的IC50值分别为1．62gmol·L^-1和8．04gmol·L^-1,但低于对照药5-氟脲嘧啶。结论2-（E）-（3-甲氧基-4-环戊氧基苯基亚甲基）环戊酮Mannich碱衍生物具有一定抗肿瘤活性。     

Radiolabeling of a high potency cannabinoid subtype‐1 receptor ligand,N‐(4‐fluoro‐benzyl)‐4‐(3‐(piperidin‐1‐yl)‐indole‐1‐sulfonyl)benzamide (PipISB), with carbon‐11 or fluorine‐18

PipISB [N‐(4‐fluoro‐benzyl)‐4‐(3‐(piperidin‐1‐yl)‐indole‐1‐sulfonyl)benzamide, 9] was identified as a selective high potency CB₁ receptor ligand. Here we describe the labeling of 9 with positron‐emitters to provide candidate radioligands for imaging brain CB₁ receptors with positron emission tomography (PET). The radiolabeling of 9 was achieved by two methods, method A with carbon‐11 and method B with fluorine‐18. In method A, [¹¹C]9 was prepared in one step from [¹¹C]carbon monoxide, itself prepared from cyclotron‐produced [¹¹C]carbon dioxide. In method B, [¹⁸F]9 was prepared from cyclotron‐produced [¹⁸F]fluoride ion in a two‐stage, four‐step synthesis with [¹⁸F]4‐fluoro‐benzyl bromide as a labeling agent. The radiosynthesis time for method A was 44 min; decay‐corrected radiochemical yields (RCYs) from [¹¹C]carbon monoxide ranged from 3.1 to 11.6% and specific radioactivities ranged from 21 to 67 GBq/µmol. The radiosynthesis time for method B was 115 min; RCYs from [¹⁸F]fluoride ion ranged from 1.5 to 5.6% and specific radioactivities ranged from 200 to 348 GBq/µmol. With these methods, [¹¹C]9 and [¹⁸F]9 may be prepared in adequate activity and quality for future evaluation as PET radioligands. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

N3‐Substituted thymidine analogues III: radiosynthesis of N3‐[(4‐[18F]fluoromethyl‐phenyl)butyl]thymidine ([18F]‐FMPBT) and N3‐[(4‐[18F]fluoromethyl‐phenyl)pentyl] thymidine ([18F]‐FMPPT) for PET

Radiosyntheses of two N³‐substituted thymidine analogues, N³‐[(4[¹⁸F]fluoromethyl‐phenyl)butyl]thymidine ([¹⁸F]‐FMPBT) and N³‐[(4[¹⁸F]fluoromethyl‐phenyl)pentyl]thymidine ([¹⁸F]‐FMPPT), are reported. The precursor compounds 9 and 10 were synthesized in six steps and the standard compounds 13 and 14 were synthesized from these precursors. For radiosynthesis, compounds 9 and 10 were fluorinated with n‐Bu₄N[¹⁸F] to produce [¹⁸F]‐ 11 and [¹⁸F]‐ 12 , which by acid hydrolysis yielded [¹⁸F]‐ 13 and [¹⁸F]‐ 14 , respectively. The crude products were purified by high‐performance liquid chromatography to obtain [¹⁸F]‐FMPBT and [¹⁸F]‐FMPPT. The average decay‐corrected radiochemical yield for [¹⁸F]‐ 13 was 15% in five runs, and that for [¹⁸F]‐ 14 was 10% in four runs. The radiochemical purity was >99% and the specific activity was >74 GBq/µmol at the end of synthesis. The synthesis time was 80–90 min from the end of bombardment. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Synthesis of 3,3'-(1-piperidino)substituted methylene-bis-isoxazoles preventing stimulus-induced leukocytes activation

Some 3,3'-(1-piperidino)substituted methylene-bis-isoxazoles were prepared via Mannich base and tested to verify their antiinflammatory-related activity. Human neutrophils stimulated with either PMA and f-MLP were used as the cellular model. The efficiency of eight differently substituted compounds (2-9) was established on their capacity to reduce the O(2)(-) production by activated human neutrophils. The rising hydrophobicity in the side-chain of methylene-bis-isoxazoles leads to a distinction in the neutrophil response against the two stimuli, favoring the inhibition of the PMA elicited cell activation and leaving inaffected the f-MLP induced cell responses. Compounds 8 and 9 are particularly active and abolish almost completely the neutrophil activation in the presence of PMA stimulus.     

Modification of cardiovascular actions of 2-amino-5,6-dihydroxytetralin by N,N-di-n-propyl substitution

Effects of dopamine (DA) and the N,N-di-n-propyl derivative of 2-amino-5,6-dihydroxytetralin (dipropyl-A-5,6-DTN) were compared on renal blood flow in phenoxybenzamine pretreated dogs. Equivalent increments in renal blood flow were observed in the dose range of 12-190 nmol (ED50 of DA, 1.4 x 10(-8) mol; ED50 of dipropyl-A-5,6-DTN, 1.2 x 10(-8) mol, n = 7). Effects of 47 nmol of DA and dipropyl-A-5,6-DTN were reduced equally by simultaneous injections of 0.5 mg sulpiride (76 +/- 4 and 59 +/- 6%, respectively, n = 5). Intravenous injections of dipropyl-A-5,6-DTN in doses of 4-16 micrograms/kg elevated arterial blood pressure and decreased heart rate and cardiac contractility in open chest, vagotomized dogs, confirming its neuronal inhibitory effect mediated by DA2-presynaptic receptors. Dipropyl-A-5,6-DTN also caused dose-related femoral artery vasoconstriction in the hexamethonium pretreated dog. The hypertensive effect of intravenous dipropyl-A-5,6-DTN and its femoral vasoconstrictor effect were abolished by phenoxybenzamine. These results show that dipropyl-A-5,6-DTN possesses DA1-, DA2- and alpha-adrenergic activities. It is significant that by introducing di-n-propyl substitution on the nitrogen of 5,6-dihydroxy-2-aminotetralin, potent DA1-agonist activity can be conferred upon a molecule which is inactive in that respect. Further, beta-adrenergic activity of the primary amine is replaced by potent alpha-adrenergic activity by this substitution.