儿茶酚胺及甲状腺激素所致心室颤动的实验研究

实验证实经甲状腺片处理的家兔,耳静脉内注儿茶酚胺的剂量为50μg/Kg时,能使动物发生室颤猝死。同时,也证明室颤是上述两种激素所致心肌坏死在其发展过程中最初几分钟内出现的心肌电活动的病理性改变。室颤本身不是一种独立的病理过程。由上述两种激素构成的复合因子看来是一种内源性较强的致病因子。很可能参与人类原发性室颤的发生。     

Synchronies between sleep and endocrine rhythms in man and their statistical evaluation.

(1) The transitions between wakefulness and sleep are periodic and quantifiable, and because they represent major changes in the functional activity of the CNS, they have been used as paradigms for the study of CNS influences on endocrine functioning. (2) Sleependocrine studies have shown that hormones are secreted in a pulsatile, episodic fashion, and many have prominent circadian and ultradian rhythms (e.g. adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL), testosterone). (3) Some of these hormone rhythms are closely linked to the sleep-wake cycle (e.g. PRL) or to the specific stages of sleep (e.g. GH). (4) These findings suggest that ‘open loop’ mechanisms (CNS driving) are important in hormone regulation, in addition to ‘closed loop’ mechanisms (negative and positive feedback between hormones and the CNS). (5) The interaction of hormone rhythms may be important for their final metabolic effects. An example is the possible interrelation of three pituitary hormones, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and PRL, in stimulating the secretion of testosterone in adult men: Plasma LH has no circadian rhythm in adult men, whereas plasma PRL and plasma testosterone have similar circadian rhythms, with increasing levels occurring during sleep; plasma testosterone correlates as well with PRL at night as it does with LH. (6) The suggestion from these data that PRL may have a role in testosterone release is being studied by more specific experimental manipulations of the pituitary hormones. (7) The statistical analysis of hormone patterns over time has been inadequate in many studies: because the data comprise repeated measures on the same subjects and therefore are correlated, it is inappropriate to apply statistical tests designed for independent, uncorrelated measures, and some schemes for the analysis of repeated measures data are presented.     

甾体CD环合成原的不对称合成及其在全合成上的应用

本文报道用微生物不对称还原合成了四个光学活性的 CD 环合成原。其中两个是新的。并利用这些光学活性合成原全合成了光学活性7α,18-和7β,18-双甲基-19-失碳睾丸酮以及两个新的3-氧杂-A-失碳甾体。从微生物不对称还原所得的光学活性1,5-羟酮化合物在用 Al_2O_3处理时,发生了分子内氧化还原而生成相应的光学活性化合物。由于羟酮处于1,5-位,故称之为1,5-手性转移。     

The ultrastructural characteristics and their functional significance of the arcuate nucleus and median eminence

Summary The ultrastructural characteristics of the arcuate nucleus and median eminence in rats have been studied by means of formaldehyde-osmium tetroxide fixation method. The observations showed that there are two kinds of neurons (dark and light) in the arcuate nucleus which might be responsible for producing both dopamine and releasing hormones. The tanycytes of the ependyma of the third cerebral ventricle pass longitudinally through the various zones of the median eminence and reach at pericapillary space of the portal vessels. The neurosecretory substance-containing nerve terminals may travel between ependymal cells and even enter the cavity of the third ventricle or end around the basal membrane of the capillaries of the median eminence. The axo-somatic and axodendritic synapses are formed at the perikaryon and dendrites of neurons in the arcuate nucleus. Both agranular type and granular type of axo-axonic synapses are encountered in the fibrous zone of the median eminence. There are also synaptic connections between the basic processes of tanycytes and the large granular vesicle-containing nerve terminals in the palisade zone of the median eminence. The ultrastructural characteristics mentioned above suggest that (1) the releasing (or inhibiting) hormones of the hypothalamus might be released through two routes: into the portal capillaries from nerve terminals directly or into the cerebrospinal fluid of the third ventricle first and uptaken by tanycytes, then transported to the portal capillaries by the basic processes of tanycyte; (2) each step of synthesis, storage, transport and release of the releasing (or inhibiting) hormones could be regulated by nervous mechanism.     

喉癌细胞株 HEp-2 性激素代谢的研究

人喉癌细胞株ＨＥｐ－２经无性激素培养基（活性碳处理小牛血清）培养后，收集细胞制备匀浆，用３Ｈ标记配体测定其雄激素受体、雌激素受体，同时测定５α－还原酶（５α－Ｒ）和１７β－羟类固醇脱氢酶（１７β－ＨＳＤ）活性。结果显示，ＨＥｐ－２细胞株含雄激素受体，受体水平为１３．７３ｆｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１·ｍｇ－１Ｐｒ，未测到雌激素受体；５α－Ｒ催化睾酮还原为二氢睾酮的转换率为５０％，１７β－ＨＳＤ活性极低。提示ＨＥｐ－２喉癌细胞株仍保留表达雄激素受体的能力，而且５α－Ｒ的活性较高。     

胃癌和胃溃疡患者甲状腺激素变化及其临床意义

采用放射免疫分析法观察了50例胃癌和20例胃溃疡患者的血清甲状腺激素变化,血清三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T_3),T_3/rT_3值均明显低于正常人;反三碘甲状腺原氨酸(rT_3),促甲状腺激素(TSH)均明显高于正常人;而甲状腺素(T_4)无明显变化.胃癌患者血清T_3,T_3/rT_3值和TSH明显低于胃溃疡患者,病情越严重,均值变化越明显.动态观察胃癌和胃溃疡患者甲状腺激素变化,有益于预测胃癌有无转移,胃溃疡有无恶变.     

Sex differences in EEG in adult gonadectomized rats before and after hormonal treatment

EEG activity was recorded from the left and right parietal cortex in adult male and female Wistar rats that were gonadectomized (GNX) after puberty during 2 days without and 3 days with hormonal treatment (either testosterone propionate, 5-DHT or vehicle in males and progesterone, estradiol benzoate or vehicle in females). In contrast to EEG characteristics reported for intact rats, GNX abolished right over left parietal activation in both sexes and, sex differences in EEG interhemispheric correlation and in theta and delta relative power in the right parietal; additionally GNX males showed higher absolute power than females. Hormonal treatment reestablished interparietal asymmetry in both sexes and a lack of sex differences in absolute power, however, it was not enough to reestablish sex differences in delta and theta proportion in the right parietal nor in interhemispheric correlation. Differential effects were obtained with testosterone propionate and 5-DHT in males suggesting that activational effects of testosterone on EEG are probably exerted through testosterone or its aromatized metabolites. The results of our study indicate that the activational effects of gonadal steroids after puberty are necessary for maintaining sex differences in the EEG of the adult rat.     

Dose-dependent hormonal induction of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in castrated dogs

A model for the dose-dependent hormonal induction of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in castrated dogs has been established using subcutaneously implanted Silastic capsules containing 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol (3 alpha-diol) and estradiol-17 beta. In vivo release rates per capsule approximated 122.0 +/- 4.2 micrograms 3 alpha-diol and 22.7 +/- 0.8 micrograms estradiol per day based on in vitro studies and resulted in dose-dependent increases in serum 3 alpha-diol and dihydrotestosterone concentrations. The implantation of castrated dogs with either 10 or 20 Silastic capsules containing 3 alpha-diol and one capsule containing estradiol or the intramuscular injection of 3 alpha-diol (75 mg/week) and estradiol (0.75 mg/week) for 99 days significantly increased (P less than .01) prostatic weights and total prostatic DNA over intact controls. These treatments also resulted in a histomorphological pattern similar to that observed in dogs with the glandular form of spontaneous BPH. In addition, normal prostatic secretory function as determined by semen volume was maintained in these dogs. Although subcutaneous implantation of five Silastic capsules containing 3 alpha-diol and one capsule containing estradiol into castrated dogs resulted in prostatic weights and total prostatic DNA that were similar (P less than .10) to intact controls, these prostates were characterized histomorphologically by glandular atrophy and squamous metaplasia. Furthermore, prostatic secretory function was decreased (P less than .05) in these animals compared with intact controls at 3 months of treatment. This study has led to the development of a model of steroid-induced BPH that will facilitate the evaluation of competitive androgen-receptor antagonists in the dog.     

女中学生性激素及血脂水平与青春发育的关系

检测112名11～16岁正常女生的血清雌二醇（E2）、睾酮（T）和总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）水平，分析它们与青春期发育的关系。E2与T均随年龄和性征的明显化而增多。在控制了年龄因素的影响后，E2与乳房发育及皮褶厚度，T与身高、体重及阴毛发育均呈显著的正相关关系（r为0．20～0．37，均为P＜0．01），月经来潮组的E2与T高于未潮组。TC、TG随年龄、体重而上升，控制年龄的影响后，TG与体重、皮褶厚度呈显著正相关关系（r为0．21和0．24，均为P＜0．01）。月经来潮对TC、TG及HDL-C水平无明显影响。     

不育男性血清与精浆生殖激素间的变化关系

本文测定不育男性血清与精浆５种生殖激素。结果显示生殖激素在血清与精浆中含量变化不一致，精浆ＩＣＳＨ、ＰＲＬ分别与精子活力、密度呈正相关，血清ＩＣＳＨ、ＦＳＨ分别与精子活力、密度及血清Ｔ呈负相关。