Multiplicity of allergens in peanuts

Crude peanut protein fractions from raw and roasted peanuts were examined in the RAST with 10 sera from patients showing clinical peanut sensitivity. The radioactive uptake results, which were generally high, did not reveal any distinguishable pattern. Two commercially available peanut proteins, peanut lectin and phospholipase D, gave poor RAST responses. Three purified peanut proteins, α-arachin, conarachin I, and concanavalin A-reactive glycoprotein, all gave significant RAST results that were generally lower than those obtained with the crude extracts. The extent of RAST inhibition obtained with these materials was inversely related to their abundance in the total peanut protein. Crossed immunoelectrophoresis with extracts from raw and roasted peanut indicated the presence of 22 and 10 anodically migrating antigens, respectively. Sixteen IgE binding antigens were revealed for raw peanut and seven for roasted peanut after incubation with a mixed serum from the 10 patients in crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis (CRIE) using ¹²⁵I-labeled anti-IgE. CRIE plates treated with individual serum samples showed that all the patients had specific IgE for the major antigen peak, which has been tentatively identified as α-arachin. This major storage protein of peanut, which is known to be particularly heat resistant, may be of greater clinical significance than its apparently low RAST activity would seem to indicate.     

泽漆水提物对香烟烟雾诱导小鼠慢性阻塞性肺病及肺组织癌前病变相关蛋白的影响

目的：探究泽漆水提物对香烟烟雾(CS)所致的慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)的保护作用及肺组织癌前病变相关蛋白的影响。方法：通过建立CS所致的COPD小鼠模型(60只),随机分为正常组、模型组、阳性药组(地塞米松2 mg·kg^-1)及泽漆水提物低、中、高剂量组(1.875、3.75、7.5 g·kg^-1)。采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定泽漆水提物中相关成分;动物肺功能仪检测小鼠呼气末期暂停(EEP)、气道阻力(Penh)、50%肺活量呼吸时的呼气流量(EF50)等肺功能指标变化;高通量液相蛋白芯片技术检测小鼠肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中白细胞介素(IL)-2、IL-5、IL-18、IL-17A、IL-27等炎性因子水平变化;苏木素-伊红(HE)染色检测小鼠肺组织的病理变化;比色法测定小鼠肺组织中的丙二醛(MDA)、髓过氧化物酶(MPO)及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)含量变化;实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(Real-time PCR)检测肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)、基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)-2、MMP-9及MM...     

Vascular Effects of the Polyphenolic Nutraceutical Supplement Taurisolo®: Focus on the Protection of the Endothelial Function

Preservation of vascular endothelium integrity and functionality represents an unmet medical need. Indeed, endothelial dysfunction leads to decreased nitric oxide biosynthesis, which is prodromic of hypertension and hypercoagulability. In this panorama, the nutraceutical supplement Taurisolo^®, a polyphenolic extract from Aglianico cultivar grape, rich in catechin and procyanidins, was evaluated as a vasoprotective, vasorelaxing, anti-hypertensive and anti-coagulant agent in: cell lines, isolated vessels, in vivo models of chronic hypertension and hypercoagulability, and in clinical tests of endothelial reactivity. Taurisolo^® demonstrated to fully protect vascular cell viability from oxidative stimulus at 100 µg/mL and evoke vasorelaxing effects (Emax = 80.6% ± 1.9 and pEC50 = 1.19 ± 0.03) by activation of the Sirtuins-AMPK-pathway. Moreover, Taurisolo^®, chronically administered at 20 mg/Kg/die in in vivo experiments, inhibited the onset of cardiac hypertrophy (heart weight/rat weight = 3.96 ± 0.09 vs. 4.30 ± 0.03), hypercoagulability (decrease of fibrinogen vs. control: p < 0.01) and hypertension (mean of Psys: 200 ± 2 vs. control 234 ± 2 mmHg) and improved endothelial function (Emax = 88.9% ± 1.5 vs. control 59.6% ± 3.6; flow-mediated dilation in healthy volunteers after 400 mg twice daily for 8 weeks vs. baseline: p = 0.019). In conclusion, Taurisolo^® preserves the vascular function against ox-inflamm-ageing process and the consequent cardiovascular accidents.     

皂角刺饮片与标准汤剂量值传递规律研究

目的:研究皂角刺饮片到标准汤剂的量值传递规律。方法:采用18批皂角刺饮片制备标准汤剂,测定18批皂角刺标准汤剂的出膏率、浸出物含量,建立18批皂角刺饮片和标准汤剂超高效液相色谱特征图谱,采用高分辨质谱对特征峰进行成分鉴定,建立皂角刺饮片和标准汤剂中指标性成分东莨菪内酯和花旗松素的含量测定方法,以出膏率、浸出物含量、指标性成分含量、转移率、特征图谱为指标,研究饮片到标准汤剂的量值传递规律。结果:18批标准汤剂出膏率为3.66%~5.99%,浸出物质量分数为33.38%~47.62%,饮片特征图谱共标定8个特征峰,均能传递到标准汤剂中,并指认出其中6个成分,饮片与标准汤剂对照特征图谱的相似度>0.90,特征图谱可作为共性质量特征用于皂角刺的鉴别和质量控制。指标性成分东莨菪内酯和花旗松素的平均转移率分别为67.32%、24.10%。结论:可为皂角刺药材及其制剂质量标准的提高、皂角刺配方颗粒国家标准的制定提供参考。     

香烟烟雾提取物致小鼠生殖细胞的遗传学损伤

目的：研究香烟烟雾提取物对小鼠生殖细胞染色体和精子的影响,方法：给雄性小鼠腹腔注射不同剂量的香烟烟雾提取物,观察其精原细胞染色体畸变及精子畸形的情况,结果：精原细胞染色体畸变率及精子畸形率均增高,精子畸形率增高的程度大于精原细胞染色体畸变率。结论：香烟烟雾提取物可致雄性小鼠生殖细胞染色体畸变和精子畸形。     

木香CO2超临界萃取物中木香烃内酯、去氢木香内酯的鉴别与含量测定

用薄层色谱法（TLC）,以ψ（石油醚：乙酸乙酯：苯）＝70：5：15为展开剂,质量分数为5％香草醛硫酸为显色剂对木香超临界萃取物中的木香烃内酯与去氢木香内酯进行鉴别;并建立高效液相色谱法同时测定木香烃内酯与去氢木香内酯的含量法,色谱柱为Merck Lichrocart C18;流动相为ψ（甲醇：水）＝70：30;检测波长为225nm。测得木香烃内酯和去氢木香内酯的线性范围分别为0．4178－2．0888μg和0．3950－1．9752ug。回收率分别为100．3％和99．4％,方法简便,灵敏,快速。     

夹竹桃水提物灭螺活性研究

目的 研究夹竹桃水提物的灭螺活性。方法 测试水提物作用后钉螺的死亡率,用直线回归法进行量效和时效分析。结果 夹竹桃水提物灭螺的量效和时效关系分别为Y＝95．4378D－21．2478和Y＝21．32T－3．96,pH从5．5到8．5的范围内其活性随pH上升略有下降,室内贮存1年及100℃加热2h其活性基本不变。结论 夹竹桃水提物具有很强的灭螺活性。     

葡萄籽提取物对四氯化碳诱导大鼠脂质过氧化反应的影响

目的 :研究葡萄籽提取物对四氯化碳 (CCl4 )引起的脂质过氧化反应和抗氧化能力的影响。方法 :通过对大鼠的体内实验 ,测定大鼠肝和脑组织中由 CCl4 诱导产生的过氧化脂质生成物丙二醛(MDA) (TBA法 )的含量、血清中的超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD) (比色法 )活性和血清中总抗氧化能力(T- AOC) (比色法 )。结果 :葡萄籽提取物可明显降低大鼠肝和脑组织中 MDA的生成量 ,明显升高血清中 SOD活性和 T- AOC。结论 :葡萄籽提取物具有明显的抗氧化作用。     

中药提取物产业化初探

对以国际市场为主要目标市场的中药提取物产业化的背景、生产经营现状、有关政策法规、技术基础、市场前景以及中药提取物产业化的意义等方面进行探讨。     

2-异丁基苹果酸葡萄糖氧基苄酯类对照提取物在白及质量控制中的应用研究

目的 建立以2-异丁基苹果酸葡萄糖氧基苄酯类对照提取物为对照的白及质量控制方法。方法 采用ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C₁₈(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.8μm)色谱柱,流动相为0.05%磷酸水溶液(A)-乙腈(B),梯度洗脱,柱温35℃,体积流量0.15 mL/min,进样体积为2μL,检测波长为220 nm。分别采用对照品法和对照提取物法测定17批白及饮片中1,4-二[4-(葡萄糖氧)苄基]-2-异丁基苹果酸酯-2-葡萄糖苷(2-O-葡萄糖基白及苷)、1-[4-(葡萄糖氧)苄基]-2-异丁基苹果酸酯(手参苷Ⅰ)、1,4-二[4-(葡萄糖氧)苄基]-2-异丁基苹果酸-2-(6-O-乙酰基)葡萄糖苷(手参苷Ⅲ)、1,4-二[4-(葡萄糖氧)苄基]-2-异丁基苹果酸酯(白及苷)4个成分的含量,并进行比较。结果 2-异丁基苹果酸葡萄糖氧基苄酯类对照提取物中2-O-葡萄糖基白及苷、手参苷Ⅰ、手参苷Ⅲ、白及苷线性关系良好(r≥0.999 9),进样精密度RSD值在0.001%～0.58%,重复性RSD值在0.27%～0.53%,4种成分的加样回收率在98....