铬酵母中铬的含量测定

目的 研究铬酵母中铬的含量测定方法。方法 采用氧化－光度法。结果 铬的平均回收率及相对标准偏差分别为１００．３％、２．７％（ｎ＝５）。结论 本方法可用于测定铬酵母中铬的含量,方法简便,易行。     

一阶导数紫外分光光度法测定注射用头孢噻肟钠的含量

目的探讨注射用头孢噻肟钠含量测定更加简便快速的方法;方法根据其化学结构的特点,采用一阶导数光谱法测定其含量;结果测定含量准确可靠且重现性好,平均回收率为99．87％(n=5),RSD为0．67％;结论可用于头孢噻肟钠原料药中问体和注射用无茵粉末等含量测定。     

铝-铬天青-溴化十六烷基啶胶束增溶分光光度法测定血清铝的方法研究

在溶液p H6-5 ～5-5 范围内,铝铬天青S(CAS)溴化十六烷基吡啶(CPB) 生成兰色三元胶束配合物,它的最大吸收在618n m 波长,摩尔吸光系数ε为9-642 ×104L.m ol-1 .c m -1 。在铝含量0 ～6-0 ×10 -6m ol.L- 1,遵循比耳定律,AlCASCPB三元配合物的组成摩尔比是1∶2∶3 。一定量的抗坏血酸和盐酸羟胺可以消除血清中与铝共存的其它阳离子Fe3 ,Cu2 等的干扰。该方法的检出限为6-60 ×10 - 7mol .L-1 ,平均回收率(96-11 ±2-87) % ,相对标准差小于3 % 。方法简便易行,有较高的准确度和灵敏度,用于血清铝的测定可获得满意结果     

Correlated, simultaneous, multiple-wavelength optical monitoring in vivo of localized cerebrocortical NADH and brain microvessel hemoglobin oxygen saturation

Current forms of brain monitoring, such as electroencephalography (EEG), have had limited clinical utility. The EEG records spontaneous cerebrocortical activity and thus is an indirect indicator of metabolic demand and, to a lesser extent, an indicator of mismatch of supply versus demand. Ischemia modulates EEG activity in ways that can usually be detected, but EEG patterns can be similarly modulated by many other factors, including temperature and pharmacologic manipulation. This in vivo study in physiologically monitored animals evaluated the use of correlated optical spectroscopy, performed with an instrument having a fiberoptic light-guide bundle in contact with the cerebral cortex, for the simultaneous monitoring of cerebrovascular oxygen availability and intracellular oxygen delivery. A highly specific monitor of cerebral intracellular oxygen supply, the cerebrocortical intramitochondrial NADH redox state, was monitored in vivo with a fluorescence technique. Absorption spectroscopy was used concurrently to monitor hemoglobin content (blood volume) and oxygen saturation in the microcirculation. Correlated changes in optical signals from cerebrocortical NADH and hemoglobin were studied in a swine model (n=7) of nitrogen hypoxia. Measurements were made at four wavelengths with a time-division, multiplexed fluorometer/reflectometer. Because the NADH fluorescence signal at 450 nm is affected by local changes in blood volume, a corrected fluorescence signal is usually calculated. In previous studies, where only two wave lengths have been measured, attempts at correction were based on reflectance at the excitation wavelength (366 nm). We compared estimators of changes in microcirculatory blood volume using reflection at two wavelengths: 366 nm and 585 nm, the wavelengths for maximum and isobestic absorption. The results of the studies were as follows: (1) during transient hypoxia, NADH and local hemoglobin saturation signals changed in concert with arterial pulse oximetry, with changes in NADH lagging behind changes in saturation by an average of 5.3 seconds; (2) after hypocapnic ventilation to a mean Paco ₂ of 20.2 ± 0.8 mm Hg, NADH increased by 11.5 ± 8.7% (as compared with maximal change during anoxia), local hemoglobin saturation decreased by 7.7 ± 6.4%, and local blood volume decreased by 12.5 ± 13%, while arterial SpO₂ was unchanged; (3) our two measures of local blood volume were closely correlated during carbon dioxide perturbations, but poorly correlated during hypoxic perturbation; and (4) NADH fluorescence provided a more rapid, sensitive indicator of oxygen deprivation than did the EEG. During transient hypoxia, EEG changes occurred 57.4 ± 10.4 seconds after the onset of decline in local hemoglobin saturation, after NADH had completed 50% of its maximal increase.This work was supported in part by research grants from the NIH (GM34767), the Academic Senate of the University of California, and the UCSF Anesthesia Research Foundation.     

Über Melanin und Melanosomen im ZNS im Vergleich zu extracerebralen Erscheinungsformen und synthetischem Melanin aus Dopamin und Serotonin

Summary Melanosomes and isolated melanosomal fragments (melanin particles) originating from gangliocytes (substantia nigra), astroglia (melanosis cerebelli), and melanocytes (melanotic meningeoma; metastases of melanoblastoma; melanosis thalami of the goat) were compared with synthetic melanins prepared from dopamine and serotonin, respectively. Samples were examined by electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis according to Debye-Scherrer and by infrared spectrophotometry, and the results were evaluated with regard to characteristic features as they may relate to specific cell types or chemical structures.On electron microscopy all three types of melanosomes could be differentiated unequivocally as could the two synthetic melanins. Thus, there were similarities between synthetic melanin from dopamine and the gliogenic melanins of the cerebellum; the synthetic melanin from serotonin resembled melanin of melanocytes.X-ray diffraction analysis yielded 2-4 Debye diffraction rings with all human and synthetic samples, suggesting short range orders between 3.8 to 5 Å the sample obtained from a goat with thalamic melanosis showed a specific reflex pattern. While diffraction patterns of some melanins were partially identical, in particular that of melanin from dopamine and melanin of substantia nigra and dentate nucleus, respectively, they were different for the various melanocytic melanins. Further investigations are required to determine whether these differences are due to disparities in basic chemical structures or conformations or else, to particular compositional features of the various types of melanocytes as they arise from benign or malignant tumors or a specific species.Infrared spectrophotometry at higher wave numbers revealed the well known patterns of melanins, which are not, however, very suitable, for their further differentiation. At lower wave numbers (fingerprinting) melanin of substantia nigra and the glial melanin in melanosis cerebelli yielded additional absorption bands of identical configuration. In contrast to melanin from dopamine, melanin from serotonin exhibited a closely similar absorption pattern in this spectral range, suggesting that the neuroectodermal melanins may contain a component possibly arising from serotonin.

Herrn Prof. Dr. Wilhelm Doerr zum 25. 8. 1979     

替米沙坦片的含量测定

目的　测定替米沙坦片中替米沙坦的含量。方法　采用紫外分光光度法 ,在 2 96nm波长处测定 ,空白辅料无干扰。结果　替米沙坦浓度在 4× 10 -3 ～ 16× 10 -3 mg·ml-1范围内与吸光度有良好的线性关系 (r =0 .9999)。平均回收率为 99.75 %。重复性试验的 RSD =0 .37%。结论　所建立的方法简便、灵敏、专属、准确 ,可供替米沙坦片的含量测定。     

紫外光谱法鉴别粉防己及其混伪品木防己、小果微花藤

目的：建立粉防已及其混伪品木防已、小果微花藤的紫外光谱鉴别方法。方法：采用中药鉴别紫外谱线组法进行实验。结果：粉防已及其混伪口木防已、小果酸花藤的紫外谱线组图像，最大吸收峰数目及其峰位值具有明显差异。结论：该法简便、准确、灵敏，可用于鉴别粉防已及其混伪品木防已、小果微花藤。     

银菊清解片的质量标准研究

目的：建立了银菊清解片（野菊花，薄荷油，忍冬藤，对乙酰氨基酚等）的质量标准。方法：采用理化方法和薄层色谱法对银菊清解片的主要成分对乙酰氨基酚，马来酸氯苯那敏进行鉴别，并采用系数倍率法不经分离地直接测定对乙酰氨基酚的含量。结果：平均回收率为99．70％，RSD＝0．83％(n=10）。结论：该法简便可行，结构准确，可用于该制剂的质量控制。     

常见动物胆汁宏量和微量元素的原子吸收分析及研究

目的　通过原子吸收对胆汁中的宏量元素与微量元素进行测定并进行分析研究。方法　利用原子吸收对 8种动物胆汁中金属元素进行测定。结果　各种属动物胆汁中含有的金属元素差异很大 ,兔胆汁含铜、钙、镁最多 ;牛胆汁含锌、铁、钾最多 ;猪胆汁含锰最多 ,而羊胆汁含金属离子的总量最少。结论　提示各种动物胆汁微量元素的含量各不相同 ,其药效有别 ,不能随意代替     

导数光谱法测定复方氯霉素鱼肝油搽剂中氯霉素的含量

目的：建立复方氯霉素鱼肝油搽剂中氯霉素的含量测定方法。方法：采用一阶导数分光光度法不经分离直接测定氯霉素的含量，检测波长为278nm。结果：氯霉素在浓度为12-28μg／ml内呈线性范围，相关系数r=0．9999。浓度为12、20、28μg／ml的样品液，日内RSD分别为1．00％、1．11％和1．13％，日间RSD分别为1．35％、1．84％和1．67％。浓度为12、16、20、24μg／ml样品液的平均回收率分别为101．58％、99．9％、98．9％、101．13％，RSD值为1．21％。结论：本方法可消除其他组分的干扰，简便易行，适合医院制剂的含量测定。