Cercarial Dermatitis Transmitted by Exotic Marine Snail

Cercarial dermatitis (swimmer’s itch) is caused by the penetration of human skin by cercariae of schistosome parasites that develop in and are released from snail hosts. Cercarial dermatitis is frequently acquired in freshwater habitats, and less commonly in marine or estuarine waters. To investigate reports of a dermatitis outbreak in San Francisco Bay, California, we surveyed local snails for schistosome infections during 2005–2008. We found schistosomes only in Haminoea japonica, an Asian snail first reported in San Francisco Bay in 1999. Genetic markers place this schistosome within a large clade of avian schistosomes, but do not match any species for which there are genetic data. It is the second known schistosome species to cause dermatitis in western North American coastal waters; these species are transmitted by exotic snails. Introduction of exotic hosts can support unexpected emergence of an unknown parasite with serious medical or veterinary implications.     

Salivary conditions and cariogenic microorganisms in 55, 65, and 75-year-old Swedish individuals

Abstract – Secretion rate, buffer capacity, and cariogenic microorganisms of resting and stimulated whole saliva were examined in 208 55-, 65-, and 75-yr-old Swedes. The secretion rate for both resting and stimulated saliva decreased with age. When the use of drugs was taken into account the difference in terms of age group was significant for resting saliva alone (P<0.01). In 22%, the resting saliva was <0.1 ml/min, and in 5% the stimulated saliva was <0.7 ml/min. Persons with subjective dryness in the mouth had a lower salivary flow. Men had higher secretion rates than women irrespective of medication (P<0.05). The buffer capacity was strongly correlated to the secretion rate of both resting and stimulated saliva (r=0.39 and r=0.44, respectively). The number of mutans streptococci and lactobacilli increased with age, although significant in terms of age group for lactobacilli alone (P<0.05). The number of these microorganisms was lower in resting saliva than in stimulated saliva (P<0.0001). Individuals harboring both Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus had higher values of mutans streptococci in resting and stimulated saliva than those harboring only S. mutans (P<0.001). Actinomyces viscosus and Actinomyces naeslundii comprised 1% of the total CFU in 89% of the plaque samples. The corresponding figures for lactobacilli and mutans streptococci were 6% and 38%, respectively.     

中国鲎鲎素对人肝癌SMMC-7721细胞增殖的抑制作用

应用从中国鲎血细胞中提取的鲎素处理人肝癌SMMC－7721细胞，研究海洋生物活性物质的抗肿瘤作用。实验结果显示，经3．0mg.L^-1鲎素处理的SMMC－7721细胞生长缓慢，细胞生长抑制率为55．57％，细胞发裂指数抑制率达43．68％；处理后的细胞性磷酸酶活性降低36．26％，γ－GT活性下降，TAT活性增强。结果表明，鲎素能有效地抑制肝癌细胞的增殖活动，具有与癌细胞诱导分化物相似的抗肿瘤效果。     

热吸水链霉菌代谢产物诱导鼠实验性农民肺的研究

本实验试用热吸水链霉菌代谢产物诱导小鼠实验性农民肺。经呼吸道反复吸入代谢产物的小鼠血清中产生了相应抗体,并有抗原存在,肺组织类似农民肺患者的肺部病理变化,肺内有免疫复合物沉积。说明此菌代谢产物亦可引起农民肺。同时为Ⅲ型和Ⅳ型变态反应共同参与此病的发生提供了证据。本文还报道了以富含SPA的葡萄球菌标记抗体,用于组织中免疫复合物的定位研究。     

Intrauterine contraceptive device-related actinomycosis infection presenting as an incarcerated inguinal hernia

We report an unusual case of an intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD)-related pelvic actinomyces infection presenting as an incarcerated inguinal hernia. An emergency laparotomy showed the presence of pyometra with large abscesses, involving both fallopian tubes and the right ovary with pyometra tracking down the left psoas into the groin, giving a clinical and radiological appearance of an incarcerated hernia. Subsequent results obtained from investigations showed the presence of actinomyces-like organisms on the patient's smear related to an IUCD.     

海洋天然产物研究概述

近年来海洋天然产物越来越引起科学家们的注意,在浩瀚的海洋中存在着大量令人激动、活性独特、结构新颖的次生代谢产物。海洋天然产物已成为发现重要先导药物和新的生物作用机制的主要源泉。对目前海洋天然产物研究概况进行综述,其中重点介绍大环内酯类和聚醚类等化合物。     

浙江沿海海洋细菌抗菌活性及代谢产物的初步研究

目的 对浙江沿海海洋细菌进行抗菌活性筛选,并初步研究活性菌株代谢产物的结构.方法 用琼脂块法进行抗菌活性筛选,利用高效液相等手段对其代谢产物进行分离纯化,利用核磁共振和质谱等手段对活性化合物进行结构鉴定.结果 与结论共发现31株活性菌株,选择其中6株活性菌株进行研究,对其中活性较强的5个化合物进行结构鉴定,初步确定其化...     

海洋抗肿瘤天然活性物质Apratoxin家族研究进展

Apratoxins家族是由海洋蓝藻菌中分离得到的一种次级代谢产物,通过抑制共翻译转运过程表现出强力细胞毒性活性,具有作为抑癌药物的开发潜力。近年来由于Apratoxins家族抑制肿瘤的高效活性,人们对它们的合成以及药理机制已经做了大量研究,本文主要对近年来Apratoxins家族的研究进展做一简要介绍。     

海洋放线菌—药物开发的新兴资源

近些年,海洋放线菌成为新药研发的重要来源,引起人们的关注,本文综述了海洋放线菌在分离方面取得的成绩,并介绍了通过传统筛选方法分离得到的生物活性代谢物,以及在与新化合物相关的基因挖掘和生物合成基因簇的异源表达方面取得的进展。     

海洋细菌Pantoea agglomerans 化学成分的分离和结构鉴定

目的 研究海洋细菌 Pantoea agglomerans 发酵液中的化学成分,以期得到有活性的先导化合物。方法 采用硅胶柱色谱、凝胶柱色谱、高效液相色谱等方法进行分离纯化,通过理化性质和波谱数据分析鉴定化合物的结构。结果 从海洋细菌 Pantoea agglomerans 发酵液中分离得到7个化合物,分别鉴定为对羟基苯丙酸 (p-hydroxy-phenylpropionic acid, 1)、N-乙酰酪胺 (N-acetyltyramine, 2)、对羟基苯乙醇 (p-hydroxyphenylethyl alcohol, 3)、对羟基苯乙酸甲酯 (methyl 4-hydroxybenzeneacetate, 4)、3-吲哚甲醛 (1H-indole-3-carbaldehyde, 5)、环（8-羟基-脯氨酸-亮氨酸）(cyclo-(4-hydroxyl-Pro-Leu), 6）、2-(4-羟苯基)-N-苯乙酰胺 (2-(4-hydroxyphenethyl)-N-phenylacetamide, 7)。结论 化合物1～7均为首次从海洋细菌Pantoea agglomerans 中分离得到。