氯胺酮在利多卡因化学性点燃大鼠的量效关系

目的观察氯胺酮对大鼠化学性点燃模型的作用,并了解其是否有量效关系。方法建立利多卡因化学性点燃模型大鼠,观察氯胺酮对利多卡因点燃的影响。结果氯胺酮20.0~30.0 mg.kg-1,ip可降低利多卡因化学点燃模型大鼠降低Rac ine's发作级别(P<0.05),并降低V级发作率。结论氯胺酮能抑制大鼠利多卡因化学性点燃发作,并有显著的量效关系。     

雌激素抗肾上腺素实验性心律失常作用

目的： 探讨雌激素在整体水平下的抗肾上腺素心律失常作用及可能机制.方法：24只新西兰大白兔随机分为对照组、利多卡因组及雌激素组,各组同步记录体表心电图及经左心室插管测定心功能指标[ 左心室内压（LVSP）、左心室舒张终末压（LVEDP）、左心室内压最大上升速率（＋dp/dtmax）、左心室内压最大下降速率（-dp/dtmax） ], 比较各组按75 μg/kg 静脉注射0.1%肾上腺素前后心电图及相应心功能指标变化.结果：快速静脉注射肾上腺素可引起心功能指标明显上升,同时由于自律性增高致室性心律失常;雌激素可拮抗肾上腺素所致心功能改变,并延长室早（VP）出现时间,缩短室速（VT）持续时间及心律失常持续时间,其作用优于利多卡因（P〈0.05）.结论： 雌激素对心律失常有一定对抗作用,可能与Ca^2＋阻断及改变细胞膜离子通透性有关.     

利多卡因高钾温血心停搏液对犬心电活动影响的实验研究

目的　观察利多卡因高钾温血心停搏液对犬心电活动的影响。方法　12 只杂种犬随机分为对照组、利多卡因组 (每组6只)。常规建立体外循环 (CPB), 对照组用 ST ThomasⅡ冷晶体心停搏液常规灌注, 首剂量 20 ml/kg, 每隔30 min复灌1次, 剂量为10 ml/kg, 共 4 次。利多卡因组用利多卡因高钾温血心停搏液, 仅灌注一次 (5ml/kg)。心脏停搏120 min, 辅助30 min, 停机后30 min结束实验。记录围手术期心电活动。结果　利多卡因组诱导心电停止时间显著短于对照组 (P<0 .01); 停搏期间的心电发生显著低于对照组 (P<0 .01); 再灌注心脏的自动复跳高于对照组 (P<0 .01)。室颤的发生低于对照组 (P<0. 01)。结论　利多卡因高钾温血心停搏液能够使犬心脏电活动长时间停止, 并能够防止再灌注后发生室颤和其它室性心律失常。     

针刺对急性心肌梗死合并室性心律失常60例临床对照研究

[目的]探讨针刺对急性心肌梗死合并室性心律失常的疗效及其机制。[方法]采用临床对照设计方案,治疗组与对照组人数之比为1∶1,观察60例急性心肌梗死合并室性心律失常患者,治疗组采用针刺治疗,特定针刺手法和选穴,对照组采用利多卡因,按常规剂量静脉推注和静脉点滴。[结果]治疗组和对照组疗效无显著差别(P>0.05)。[结论]针刺治疗急性心肌梗死合并室性心律失常与利多卡因疗效相近,认为急性心肌梗死合并心律失常患者基本病因为:“心脉不畅,心神失养”;本质是“心血瘀阻,心神失调”;病属虚实夹杂证。同时确立了治疗大法为“理气通脉,养心安神”。     

生理药动学模型研究利多卡因静脉给药的体内过程

 目的建立血流限速型生理药动学模型,描述与预测在不同病理状态下人体静脉输注利多卡因后药物的体内过程。方法依据药物在体内血流限速的转运特征,在MATLAB/Simulink仿真环境下构建生理药动学模型的模拟平台;引入人体生理参数和利多卡因人体动力学参数,模拟已有报道的利多卡因人体试验给药方案,验证模型有效性,分析主要生理参数对药物体内过程的影响;模拟利多卡因的常规给药方案和不同的病理生理条件,预测各器官组织中药物的经时变化。结果建立了一个包含11个血流限速转运特征的器官(组织)房室的生理模型描述静脉输注利多卡因后药物的体内过程;模型密闭性好,预测值均在试验数据的1倍SD以内,心输出量变化对各器官利多卡因浓度的影响较分配系数、肝清除率的影响显著。结论生理药动学模型预测值与试验结果相符,对利多卡因的临床个体化给药有现实意义。     

芬太尼混合赛地合剂硬膜外阻滞对下腹部手术麻醉效果分析

目的:探讨下腹部手术患者芬太尼混合赛地合剂(2%盐酸利多卡因20ml 1%地卡因4ml)硬膜外麻醉的效果。方法:行下腹部手术患者80例,随机分成2组:赛地合剂组和芬太尼混合赛地合剂组,每组40例。赛地合剂组硬膜外注入赛地合剂13ml及生理盐水2ml;芬太尼混合赛地合剂组赛地合剂13ml混合芬太尼100μg硬膜外注入,记录感觉阻滞的起效时间、持续时间、最高平面及达最高平面的时间以及下肢运动阻滞评分,评价腹部运动阻滞、麻醉效果和不良反应。结果:与赛地合剂组比较,芬太尼混合赛地合剂组感觉阻滞的起效时间及达最高平面的时间缩短,持续时间延长,最高平面升高,腹肌运动阻滞和麻醉效果改善(P<0.05);2组下肢运动阻滞(Bromage评分)比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:下腹部手术患者混合芬太尼可增强赛地合剂硬膜外麻醉效果。     

Use of Topical Lidocaine Gel Plus Paracervical Blockade vs. Paracervical Blockade Alone for Pain Management During Manual Vacuum Aspiration: ADouble-Blind,Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial

Objective

To evaluate if the use of lidocaine gel applied to the cervix prior to manual vacuum aspiration (MVA) in addition to paracervical blockade is useful in reducing the level of pain associated with the procedure.

Myocardial protection by lidocaine hydrochloride in aorto-coronary bypass surgery

Myocardial protective effect of lidocaine hydrochloride on the ischemic myocardium was evaluated by serum (MB-CK) and cardiac function in 48 patients; 24 patients in control (C) and 24 patients in lidocainetreated group (L), who underwent aorto-coronary bypass surgery. Lidocaine hydrochloride, 1 mg/min was administered by continuous drip infusion from initiation of anesthesia, and throughout the operation and postoperative period for 24 hours. There were no significant differences between two groups with regard to duration of cardioplegia and cardiopulmonary bypass, hypothermic level and the number of grafts implanted. Serum MB-CK at 18–24 hours following cardioplegia was 39.5±15.2 I.U. (C) and 14.2±4.0 I.U. (L), (p<0.05). Cardiac index and stroke volume index were significantly increased in the lidocaine-treated group at 24 hours following aortocoronary bypass surgery, as compared to the control group. Lidocaine thus appears to be beneficial in aorto-coronary bypass surgery to prevent ischemic changes in the myocardium. The gist of this paper was read at the 82nd Meeting of the Japanese Surgical Society, April, 1981.     

Lidocaine and prevention of ventricular fibrillation complicating acute myocardial infarction

Prehospital prevention of primary ventricular fibrillation using 400 mg lidocaine i.m. may be effective in subjects aged under 70, but routine administration is not yet recommended since mortality was unaffected. Although in-hospital prevention of ventricular fibrillation can be achieved by routine i.v. administration of lidocaine in rather high dosages, this regimen is still controversial in well-equipped CCUs in view of conflicting results on mortality.     

Cortical and medial amygdala are both involved in the formation of olfactory offspring memory in sheep

Ewes form a selective olfactory memory for their lambs after 2 h of mother-young interaction following parturition. Once this recognition is established, ewes will subsequently reject any strange lamb approaching the udder (i.e. maternal selectivity). The present study tested the functional contribution of different amygdala nuclei to lamb olfactory memory formation. Using the anaesthetic lidocaine, cortical, medial or basolateral nuclei of the amygdala were transiently inactivated during lamb odour memory formation. Reversible inactivation of either cortical or medial amygdala during the first 8 h postpartum impaired lamb olfactory recognition, whereas inactivation of the basolateral nucleus or infusion of artificial cerebrospinal fluid did not. Control experiments indicate that inactivation of the cortical and medial nuclei of the amygdala specifically disrupt memory formation rather than olfactory perception or memory retrieval. These findings show that both nuclei of the amygdala are required for the formation of a lamb olfactory memory and suggest functional interaction between these two nuclei.