间质胶原酶在实验性肺高压氧血管重建中表达的动态改变

目的 探讨间质胶原酶基因表达在肺动脉高压肺血管重建中的作用。方法 利用野百合碱（monocrotaline,MCT)诱导的大鼠肺高压动物模型,经导管介入测定大鼠肺动脉平均压力,逆转录定量聚合酶链反应（RT－PCR）检测不同时间点大鼠肺组织间质胶原酶mRNA相对表达水平。结果 实验第三周肺动脉平均压力已明显升高,以第四周为最高,而大鼠肺组织间质胶原酶mRNA表达水平以实验第二周最为明显,第三、四周表达水平下调,但仍高于对照组。结论 MMP－1基因表达异常参与了肺高压肺血管重建过程,其早期基因过度表达有助于细胞外基质屏障的降解,对肺血管重建可能起了触发作用。     

慢性马兜铃酸肾病动物模型的建立及其意义

目的探讨建立马兜铃酸引起的大鼠慢性肾间质纤维化动物模型.方法将雌性wistar大鼠分为马兜铃酸组与对照组.马兜铃酸组大鼠腹膜内注射马兜铃酸5mg@kg-1@d-1共16周,开始用药后8、12、16、20、24周分别处死6只大鼠.对照组大鼠(5只)腹膜内注射生理盐水2ml/d,共16周,24周时处死.两组动物处死时分别留取血、尿、肾组织标本,分别作生化、病理(光镜,免疫荧光,电镜)等方面的检查及应用电脑软件测定肾小管-间质面积.结果马兜铃酸组大鼠用药后16、20、24周体重明显低于对照组;用药后16周血尿素氮、血清肌酐明显高于对照组,24周时肾功能损伤进一步加重.光镜检查可见马兜铃酸组大鼠有明显肾小管-间质损伤,16周时肾小管面积明显增加,管腔面积明显小于对照组;24周时出现明显肾小管萎缩,肾小管面积明显缩小,而肾间质面积明显增加,肾间质呈多灶性纤维化.电镜检查16周时肾小管上皮细胞胞质内初级溶酶体、次级溶酶体明显增加,部分肾小管上皮细胞刷状缘消失;20、24周时可见胞质内次级溶酶体和髓样小体堆积.结论建立了慢性马兜铃酸肾病动物模型.马兜铃酸具有慢性肾毒性作用,可引起大鼠慢性肾间质纤维化.     

风湿性疾病肺间质变测定方法的评价

目的 探讨高分辨率ＣＴ（ＨＲＣＴ）、肺功能、胸片等风湿性疾病肺间质病变的诊断价值。方法 对２０例不同类型的风湿性疾病患者进行胸片、肺功能、ＨＲＣＴ检测,并将结果进行比较。结果 胸片、肺功能、ＨＲＣＴ对风湿性疾病肺间质病变检出率分别为２０％、５５％、８５％。肺功能和ＨＲＣＴ检出肺间质异常的俩组间比较,差异显著（Ｐ〈０．０５）。结论 ＨＲＣＴ对风湿性疾病早期,轻度肺间质病变的诊断有高度敏感性,可检出肺功能正常的肺部病变。肺功能尤其弥散功能亦可做为早期肺间质性病变的诊断方法,特别是对那些无明显临床症状、无胸片改变者。当出现弥散功能减低,ＨＲＣＴ出现磨玻璃影、胸膜下线、小叶间隔增厚等异常等,行积极有效治疗,可延缓终末肺发生,改善预后。     

间质性肺疾病支气管肺泡灌洗液中内皮素的检测及其意义

目的　探讨内皮素 ( ET)在间质性肺疾病 ( ILD)发生发展中的作用及其诊断价值。方法　利用放射免疫直接测定法 ,检测 1 0例肺结节病和 8例特发性肺纤维化 ( IPF)患者外周血和支气管肺泡灌洗液 ( BALF)中内皮素的含量 ,并与 8例健康非吸烟者对照。结果　肺结节病和 IPF患者血浆和 BAL F中 ET的含量分别为 62 .1 4± 2 9.2 2 ng/L ,1 7.4 0± 2 .4 1 ng/L和 76.92± 71 .90 ng/L,1 0 .4 0± 3.1 3ng/L,均明显高于正常对照组 ( 2 0 .0 8± 8.37ng/L 和 4 .0 4± 0 .5 5 ng/L) ,P <0 .0 1 ;研究组 BALF中 ET与 Pa O2 呈负相关 ( r=- 0 .5 38,P<0 .0 1 ) ,与细胞总数呈正相关 ( r =0 .64 9,P <0 .0 1 )。其中结节病和 IPF的 BAL F中 ET水平分别与淋巴细胞和中性粒细胞呈明显正相关 ( r =0 .71 2 ,P <0 .0 1 ;r =0 .81 3,P <0 .0 1 )。结论　 ET在肺结节病和 IPF发生发展中起重要作用 ,并可做为判断疾病活动性的一项参考指标。     

Response to nitric oxide in term and preterm infants

The response to three levels (10 ppm, 20 ppm and 40 ppm) of nitric oxide (NO) was assessed in 30 infants, median gestational age 30 (range 24–42) weeks. All the infants required an inspired oxygen concentration of more than 0.5, despite receiving surfactant where appropriate. All but one infant had a positive response to NO (median reduction in the oxygenation index (OI) was 33%, range −9%–90%), but only 20 infants showed a greater than 20% reduction in the OI. There was no obvious relationship of the optimum NO level (i.e. that associated with the maximum reduction in OI) and either diagnosis (congenital diaphragmatic hernia, meconium aspiration syndrome, respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary interstitial emphysema (PIE), hydrops and sepsis) or maturity, except that five of six infants with PIE responded best to 40 ppm, as did eight of nine infants less than 28 weeks gestational age. We conclude NO dosage should be individualized and NO levels up to 40 ppm should be considered in very immature infants. Received: 15 March 1996 / Accepted: 5 February 1997     

异基因造血干细胞移植并发致死性间质性肺炎

目的探讨小儿异基因造血于细胞移植并发间质性肺炎（IP）的发病病因、临床特点、危险因素及防治措施。方法根据尸解病理检查及聚合酶键反应技术对病毒病原学检测结果，结合临床移植资料综合分析。结果14例移植患儿中并发IP3例（3／14），分别死于十19天、＋76天、＋150天;3例IP中2例移植前后外周血及尸解肺组织直到CMV包涵体;4例3～4应急性GVHD患儿中3例并发IP，10例0～2度急性GVHD无1例并发IP。结论IP是移植早期死亡的重要原因之一，巨细胞病毒感染是IP的主要病原，GVHD严重程度与移植后并发IP密切相关.     

Comparison of cystoscopic and histological findings in patients with suspected interstitial cystitis

PURPOSE: Although the exact etiology of interstitial cystitis remains elusive, bladder inflammation appears to be common in many patients. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) have established diagnostic criteria for interstitial cystitis based on the presence of irritative voiding symptoms in the absence of other identifiable pathology. Cystoscopic examination with hydrodistention performed in patients under anesthesia is part of the NIH diagnostic criteria. We determine if the severity of cystoscopic findings correlated with histological evidence of inflammation in patients with suspected interstitial cystitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 69 patients who met NIH symptom criteria for interstitial cystitis and underwent cystoscopy, hydrodistention and bladder biopsy under anesthesia were reviewed. There were 2 investigators blinded to the histological data who independently reviewed operative reports. A urological pathologist blinded to the clinical data reviewed biopsies for inflammation severity. Cystoscopic and histological findings were then converted to a numeric scale. Numeric data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficient. RESULTS: Cystoscopic examination revealed no evidence of interstitial cystitis in 6 patients (9%), mild changes in 27 (39%), moderate changes in 23 (33%) and severe changes in 13 (19%). Histological examination revealed no inflammation in 21 patients (30%), mild inflammation in 28 (41%), moderate inflammation in 11 (16%) and severe inflammation in 9 (13%). Histological scores correlated poorly with total and scaled cystoscopic severity scores (r = 0.295 and 0.349, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Severity of cystoscopic findings observed during hydrodistention with anesthesia does not appear to correlate with the degree of inflammation identified histologically in patients with suspected interstitial cystitis.