经典名方清胃散的研究进展

清胃散方记载于金代李东垣所著《兰室秘藏》,由当归（身）、生地黄（酒制）、黄连、牡丹皮、升麻5味中药组成,是治疗胃火牙痛的常用方剂。近年来,临床研究表明该方应用范围十分广泛。通过查阅文献,从处方来源、功效主治、化学成分、药理研究、临床应用方面进行综述,以期为新药研发提供依据。     

基于中医证候和传统功效的经典名方清金化痰汤研究概况

清金化痰汤是治疗咳嗽属痰热壅肺证具有明显特色与优势的经典名方,在感染性肺系疾病如慢阻肺急性加重期、急性支气管炎、慢性支气管炎急性发作期、肺炎、支气管扩张等中广泛应用。总结该方主治病证及适应症、处方功效、古方现代研究进展和临床应用进展,并以AECOPD为例研究清金化痰汤在感染性肺系病中的应用情况,确认本方传统功效与现代适应症有较好的对应关系,且有严格设计的临床研究和有效性的充分证据,是值得深入研究和开发的经典古方。     

The hinge region in androgen receptor control

The region between the DNA-binding domain and the ligand-binding domain of nuclear receptors is termed the hinge region. Although this flexible linker is poorly conserved, diverse functions have been ascribed to it. For the androgen receptor (AR), the hinge region and in particular the (629)RKLKKL(634) motif, plays a central role in controlling AR activity, not only because it acts as the main part of the nuclear translocation signal, but also because it regulates the transactivation potential and intranuclear mobility of the receptor. It is also a target site for acetylation, ubiquitylation and methylation. The interplay between these different modifications as well as the phosphorylation at serine 650 will be discussed here. The hinge also has an important function in AR binding to classical versus selective androgen response elements. In addition, the number of coactivators/corepressors that might act via interaction with the hinge region is still growing. The importance of the hinge region is further illustrated by the different somatic mutations described in patients with androgen insensitivity syndrome and prostate cancer. In conclusion, the hinge region serves as an integrator for signals coming from different pathways that provide feedback to the control of AR activity.     

Individual differences in neural correlates of fear conditioning as a function of 5-HTTLPR and stressful life events

Fear learning is a crucial process in the pathogeneses of psychiatric disorders, which highlights the need to identify specific factors contributing to interindividual variation. We hypothesized variation in the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR) and stressful life events (SLEs) to be associated with neural correlates of fear conditioning in a sample of healthy male adults (n = 47). Subjects were exposed to a differential fear conditioning paradigm after being preselected regarding 5-HTTLPR genotype and SLEs. Individual differences in brain activity as measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), skin conductance responses and preference ratings were assessed. We report significant variation in neural correlates of fear conditioning as a function of 5-HTTLPR genotype. Specifically, the conditioned stimulus (CS⁺) elicited elevated activity within the fear-network (amygdala, insula, thalamus, occipital cortex) in subjects carrying two copies of the 5-HTTLPR S′ allele. Moreover, our results revealed preliminary evidence for a significant gene-by-environment interaction, such as homozygous carriers of the 5-HTTLPR S′ allele with a history of SLEs demonstrated elevated reactivity to the CS⁺ in the occipital cortex and the insula. Our findings contribute to the current debate on 5-HTTLPR x SLEs interaction by investigating crucial alterations on an intermediate phenotype level which may convey an elevated vulnerability for the development of psychopathology.     

Pathogenesis and significance of glomerular C4d deposition in lupus nephritis: activation of classical and lectin pathways

Immune complex-mediated complement activation through the classic pathway plays a key role in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis (LN). C4d deposition in renal tissue reflects the prognosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The aim of the current study is to investigate the pathogenesis and clinicopathologic significance of glomerular C4d deposition in LN. We retrospectively analyzed clinical and histopathological data of 20 SLE patients with renal biopsy-proven LN and 10 non-SLE renal biopsy samples as control. LN biopsies showed varying degrees of glomerular C4d staining associated with immune complex deposits, IgG (p = 0.015), C1q (p = 0.032) and C3 (p = 0.049). 7 LN biopsies had all of C4d, C1q and C3 deposits in their glomeruli, indicative of the activation of the classical pathway, whereas 2 LN biopsies had C4d and C3 deposits without accompanying C1q deposits, indicating the activation of the lectin pathway. Glomerular C4d deposition was correlated with the LN subtype (p < 0.001). In particular, a diffusely intense and coarsely granular pattern of C4d deposition in all glomeruli was detected in class V membranous LN. However, glomerular C4d deposition was correlated with neither disease activity of SLE nor histological activity and chronicity of LN. In conclusion, the activation of the lectin pathway as well as the classical pathway seems to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of LN. Glomerular C4d staining could be helpful for diagnosing class V membranous LN, although glomerular C4d deposition does not reflect SLE disease activity and histological activity and chronicity.     

Baculovirus Expression and Antigenic Characterization of Classical Swine Fever Virus E2 Proteins

Genes encoding a major structural glycoprotein, E2, of classical swine fever viruses (CSFV) Brescia (subgroup 1.2), Paderborn (subgroup 2.1) and Kanagawa (subgroup 3.4) were constructed by removing the transmembrane domain and adding a C‐terminal 6 histidine (His) tag. All the E2 constructs were efficiently expressed in a baculovirus system as 53‐kDa glycosylated proteins that were identified in Western blots by their reaction with anti‐His and CSFV‐specific antibodies. These proteins were used as ELISA antigens to confirm the existence of an antigenic relationship between the viruses using group‐specific polyclonal antisera. Antigenic differences were identified by Western blot and ELISA reactivity of the E2 proteins with a panel of monoclonal antibodies. Specifically, one monoclonal antibody (WH303) reacted with all three proteins, two monoclonal antibodies (M1660 and M1665) reacted with only the Brescia E2 protein, and three monoclonal antibodies (M1654, M1664 and M1669) reacted equally well with only Brescia and Kanagawa E2 proteins. Therefore, antibody reactivity profiles, established using recombinant E2 proteins, could be used to quickly identify novel CSFV strains as illustrated in this report with only a limited number of monoclonal antibodies. These proteins could also have added utility in the production of monoclonal antibodies and as critical reagents in diagnostic assays.     

Genetic Typing of Classical Swine Fever Virus Isolates from China

The E2 genes of 73 classical swine fever virus (CSFV) originated from CSF suspected cases in different regions of China were genetically characterized and compared with reference CSF viruses. All Chinese viruses that characterized were segregated into two major groups and subdivided into four subgroups. Most of isolates (61.6%) belonged to group 2 and were further divided into three subgroups: subgroup 2.1, 2.2 and 2.3. Subgroup 2.1 was the largest subgroup which contained 46.6% of isolates, whiles subgroup 2.3 was the smallest subgroup which contained only one isolate (1.4%). The remaining 38.4% of isolates were classified into subgroup 1.1 within group 1. However, no group 3 and subgroups 1.2 and 1.3 viruses were found in this study. This study has provided epidemiological information useful for assessing the virus origin and establishing a national prevention and control strategy against the disease.     

经典名方百合地黄汤的化学成分与网络药理学研究

目的利用色谱-质谱和网络药理学技术进行经典名方百合地黄汤的化学成分分析和药效成分作用机制的预测。方法利用LC-MS、GC-MS技术分析百合地黄汤化学成分,利用TCMSP数据库分析搜集化学成分、靶点信息,利用TTD、CTD数据库搜集与靶点相关联的疾病,并以抑郁症为目标进行筛选。Cytoscape软件进行"化学成分-靶点-疾病"的网络图的构建,通过DAVID在线分析,对靶点进行KEGG通路分析,并探究其药效成分和作用机制。结果通过色谱-质谱分析共得到了52种化学成分;通过网络药理手段得到百合地黄汤中的25种成分对应的31个靶点与抑郁症相关。结论百合地黄汤治疗抑郁症具有"多向药理学"效应和"叠加"效应,体现中药复杂系统的作用特点;可能通过作用于31个靶点,调节信号通路,参与炎症反应、细胞凋亡、神经递质调节等过程,发挥治疗抑郁症的作用。     

谢晶日教授“三因制宜”论治慢性萎缩性胃炎

目的:探究谢晶日教授临证治疗慢性萎缩性胃炎辨证施治的诊疗及用药规律。,行临床拓宽思路,提高临床疗效。方法:以"三因制宜"为理论基础,理论联系实际,对谢晶日教授关于从时、地、人三因防治慢性萎缩性胃炎的经验进行搜集整理。结果:谢老师认为慢性萎缩性胃炎病其病位在胃,但与季节、气候、地域、环境、年龄、性别等密切相关。治疗时注重整体与部分的联系,内因与外因的结合,注意辨证与辨病的分析,方可达到临床疗效甚佳的效果。结论:通过阐述谢师治疗慢性萎缩性胃炎的诊治、用药规律及典型案例,使"三因制宜"论治慢性萎缩性胃炎的的思路更为清晰,临床疗效极佳。