老年主动脉瓣闭锁不全的彩色多普勒超声心动图研究

报告接受彩色多普勒超声心动图检查的老年患者162例，其中75例有不同程度的主要动脉瓣关闭不全（Ar)。老年（Ar)的病因构成与中，老年前期者明显不同，主动脉，瓣钙化及原因不明者的比例占多数（67％）。主动脉瓣钙化者Ar程度多较重。主动脉瓣钙化及原因不明Ar患者的其他三个瓣膜返流检出率及和程度均明显高于无Ar的老年患者。表明多瓣膜退行性病变是此类Ar患者的原因之一。     

Undergraduate and postgraduate dental students''reflection on learning'': a qualitative study

The aim of this study was to explore undergraduate and postgraduate dental students' understanding of a good learning experience by using 'reflection on learning' as described by Schon. Four groups of Year 4 BDS students and one group of postgraduate students in dental public health took part in a series of focus group discussions. The responses were grouped into four broad themes (a) active, practical and positive learning; (b) interactive/together learning; (c) personal learning; (d) theory into practice. Six educational models of good learning proposed by the students are described.     

曲肘式机构的优化设计

以功效系数为目标函数,相应地确定了设计变量和约束函数,对塑料注塑机合模机构的参数进行优化计算,提高了机构的综合性能。     

Integrating human factors into the medical curriculum

Background  The study of human factors is a scientific discipline that deals with the interactions between human beings and the elements of a system. This is important because shortcomings in these areas, if unchecked, can result in adverse outcomes. Research into human factors in industries where safety is paramount has provided the basis of countermeasures against human error. Adverse outcomes in medicine resulting from human error exact a high cost in both patient suffering and financial outlay.
CRM training  One of the approaches used to minimise the effect of human error is to train people in a set of knowledge, skills and attitudes that underpin the domain-specific competencies for that profession. These are referred to as non-technical skills (NTS). In aviation, such an approach has been shown to be both translatable from the training environment to the workplace and effective in reducing adverse outcomes.
Discussion  Medicine has incorporated this style of training, usually centred around simulator-based courses, but as yet in a piecemeal, episodic fashion which relies on participants volunteering to attend courses. Unlike other industries there is no systematic approach to linking the content of this teaching with the more conventional range of topics. As a consequence it is difficult to assess the impact of human factors training in medicine. This is partly because very little work has been done to date in identifying the key non-technical skills required in medicine, and the overall experience of workplace based assessment is limited. Lessons from other high reliability organisations may help to address the main challenges of developing the content, integrating it into the curriculum, reinforcing the concepts in the workplace through staff development and establishing its role in summative assessment.     

^60Co消毒与高温高压消毒胚胎骨的实验研究

在12只健康家兔下颌骨体部的两侧各造成0.7cm×0.5cm×0.3cm的骨缺损区，分别置入^60Co消毒的胚胎骨和高温高压消毒的胚胎骨，发现高温高压消毒可以替代^60Co消毒胚胎骨进行移植，为临床提供了一种新的用作同种异体移植胚胎骨的消毒方法。     

股骨干骨折内固定术后不愈合27例分析

报告股骨干骨折切开复位内固定术后不愈合27例。其中，17例钢板固定者，只4例符合要求，9例髓内针固定者，有5例针短小。尚伴有固定方法，钢板或髓内针断裂，以及感染等方面原因有。本组再手术26例1次手术治愈，1例2次手术治愈。绝大部分经带蒂骨皮质剥离^[1]和坚强内固定术后而愈合，不需植骨。产生骨折不愈合的诸因素中，以忽视内固定的基本原则与术中操作不当为主。     

小儿营养性贫血原因调查

对326名2岁以下婴幼儿进行了调查分析,认为小儿营养性贫血以6～24个月为高发年龄,母乳喂养儿的患病率明显低于人工喂养儿,提示母乳喂养可降低贫血的患病率,有利于婴儿的生长发育,但12个月以后母乳喂养的贫血患病率有明显上升的趋势,因此认为要在大力提倡母乳喂养的同时应强调无论母乳喂养或人工喂养都应及早添加辅食,防止小儿营养性贫血的发生。     

人胎盘提取组织凝血活酶及其质量评价

利用人胎盘抽提得组织凝血活酶，并对其质量进行了评价，同时初步应用于临床。结果显示：用含表面活性剂的抽提剂粉碎抽提的效果较好，所得组织凝血活酶重复性、灵敏度、稳定性均令人满意；与上海荣盛生物制品厂生产的ＰＴ试剂盒比较相关性好：Ｙ＝２．７５＋０．９０５ｘ，ｒ＝０．９２５３，经相关系数ｔ检验，ｔ＝２６．５４６９，Ｐ＜０．００１，呈直线正相关。临床初步应用显示：肝病及抗凝治疗等病人ＰＴ时间明显延长，９３例正常人ｘ＝１１．３秒，ｓ＝０．９６秒，正常范围９．４２－１３．１８秒。     

河北省2004-2005年抑郁症的现况调查

目的 了解河北省抑郁症的患病率、抑郁症患者的人口学特征及社会生活功能状况。方法 采用随机抽样方法对河北省≥18岁人群进行调查，共24000人。以改编的一般健康问卷12项（GHQ-12）为筛选工具，以美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册第4版轴Ⅰ障碍定式临床检查患者版为诊断工具。采用功能大体评定量表（GAF）评价功能状况。结果 （1）抑郁症时点患病率为27．01％o[399例；95％可信区间（CI）=24．80％0～29．22％0]，终生患病率为47．47‰（608例；95％CI=44．58％0～50．37％0）。（2）时点患病率：城市[20．98％o（40例）]低于农村[27．88％0（359例）；u=4．02；P〈0．01]；女性[31．53％0（248例）]高于男性[22．48％0（151例）；u=2．05；P〈0．05]。1〉40岁者患病率高（30．51％～44．19％）。（3）Logistic回归分析：危险因素有女性、年龄40～70岁、农民、无业和失业、学生和家庭妇女、年家庭总收入0～5000元等。（4）反复发作抑郁症占29．11％；严重程度以中度（39．6％）和重度（53．9％）多见，社会和生活功能受损明显[GAF评分为（58．95±14．86）分]。结论 河北省抑郁症的患病率较高，严重影响患者社会生活功能。