柴芩承气汤联合早期肠内营养治疗重症胰腺炎及对患者淀粉酶、脂肪酶、乳酸脱氢酶与免疫功能的影响

目的:研究探讨柴芩承气汤联合早期肠内营养治疗重症胰腺炎及对患者淀粉酶(AMY)、脂肪酶(LIPA)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)及免疫功能的影响.方法:以回顾性分析的方法选取80例重症胰腺炎患者,按患者治疗方案不同分为观察组、对照组,各40例.对照组以早期肠内营养治疗干预,观察组以柴芩承气汤联合早期肠内营养治疗.综合评估患者的...     

消化道肿瘤病人术后应用肠内营养的临床研究

目的 :探讨肠内营养在消化道肿瘤病人术后早期应用及其影响。方法 :消化道肿瘤病人 (n =6 3)术后按热卡 30kal/kg/d给予全量的 2 / 3,术后第 4～ 7天给予全量。所有病例均在术前和术后第 7天测定全血图、肝功、肾功、电解质、前白蛋白 (PA)、转铁蛋白 (TRF)、血糖 (Glu)、胆固醇 (Chol)和甘油三酯 (TG) ;同时记录腹胀、腹痛、腹泻、恶心、呕吐、便秘及大便情况。结果 :术后营养指标与术前比较均有下降 ,总蛋白 (TP)、白蛋白 (ALB)和TRF下降明显 (P <0 0 5 ) ,其余营养指标虽有下降 ,但是差异不显著 (P >0 0 5 )。术前、术后比较肝、肾功和电解质测定各指标值变化差异不显著 (P >0 0 5 )。术后第 7天空腹血糖与术前空腹血糖比较差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 )。术后胆固醇、甘油三酯均有下降 ,与术前比较差异显著 (P <0 0 5 )。结论 :肠内营养制剂安素在消化道肿瘤病人术后早期肠内应用是安全、可行的 ,并能明显改善机体的营养状态 ,促进和维护胃肠道功能 ,预防感染性并发症的发生。     

两种鼻饲法用于重型颅脑损伤急性期肠内营养的并发症比较

目的 比较两种鼻饲法在重型颅脑损伤急性期患者早期肠内营养中并发症的发生情况,以提供更好的护理措施.方法 采用随机数字表将满足入选条件的重型颅脑损伤急性期患者122例分为观察组67例和对照组55例,观察组采用肠内营养泵24 h持续滴注法,对照组采用传统鼻饲法.观察21 d内患者胃肠道并发症和高血糖、吸入性肺炎等并发症的发生情况.结果 观察组胃肠道并发症发生率低于对照组,差异有显著性(P＜0.05).结论 持续滴注鼻饲营养液能使重型颅脑损伤急性期患者顺利实施早期肠内营养,明显减少并发症的发生率.     

GLIM-Defined Malnutrition in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer during the Qualification Visit for Home Enteral Nutrition

Patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) present multiple symptoms that increase the risk of malnutrition. Nutritional care, including enteral nutrition (EN), plays a crucial role in the management of this group of patients. The aim of the study was to determine the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM)-based stages of malnutrition and the relationship with selected biochemical parameters during the home enteral nutrition (HEN) qualification visit of patients with HNC. The retrospective analysis involved 224 patients with HNC referred for HEN. The following parameters were evaluated: body mass index (BMI), percent weight loss, and laboratory tests (serum albumin, total serum protein, C-reactive protein (CRP), and total lymphocyte count (TLC)). Malnutrition was defined using GLIM-based criteria. The prevalence of malnutrition based on GLIM criteria was 93.75% (15.18% moderately malnourished, 78.57% severely malnourished). There was a positive correlation between malnutrition based on GLIM criteria, serum albumin, and CRP. In the model assessing the odds of severe malnutrition according to the criteria of GLIM, TLC and CRP had a statistically significant effect on the chance in the probability of qualifying a patient to the severe malnutrition group, but the strength of the results was weak. The prevalence of malnutrition in HNC patients enrolled to HEN is high and most of them are severely malnourished. This suggests that it is important to identify more efficiently patients with risk of malnutrition at an earlier stage. GLIM criteria for malnutrition can be easily applied in this group of patients, but the definition of inflammation criteria should be clarified.     

Continuous versus Intermittent Enteral Tube Feeding for Critically Ill Patients: A Prospective,Randomized Controlled Trial

The appropriate strategy for enteral feeding remains a matter of debate. We hypothesized that continuous enteral feeding would result in higher rates of achieving target nutrition during the first 7 days compared with intermittent enteral feeding. We conducted an unblinded, single-center, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial involving adult patients admitted to the medical intensive care unit who required mechanical ventilation to determine the efficacy and safety of continuous enteral feeding for critically ill patients compared with intermittent enteral feeding. The primary endpoint was the achievement of ≥80% of the target nutrition requirement during the first 7 days after starting enteral feeding. A total of 99 patients were included in the modified intention-to-treat analysis (intermittent enteral feeding group, n = 49; continuous enteral feeding group, n = 50). The intermittent enteral feeding group and continuous enteral feeding group received 227 days and 226 days of enteral feeding, respectively. The achievement of ≥80% of the target nutrition requirement occurred significantly more frequently in the continuous enteral feeding group than in the intermittent enteral feeding group (65.0% versus 52.4%, respectively; relative risk, 1.24; 95% confidence interval, 1.06–1.45; p = 0.008). For patients undergoing mechanical ventilation, continuous enteral feeding significantly improved the achievement of target nutrition requirements.     

早期肠内营养支持在危重症病人中的应用

目的:探讨早期肠内营养(EEN)支持在危重症病人中的应用效果. 方法:将ICU中65例危重症病人随机分为EEN组(35例)和肠外营养(PN)组(30例),并将营养支持情况进行对比分析. 结果:经EEN支持后血清清蛋白(ALB)和血红蛋白(Hb)较治疗前升高(P＜0.05),而经PN支持后各指标差异无显著性意义.两组对比EEN组病人ALB高于PN组(P＜0.05).EEN组在肱三头肌皮皱厚度(TSF)和上臂肌围(AMC)与PN组无显著性差异(P＞0.05),在Hb及氮平衡方面则明显优于PN组(P＜0.05). 结论:对于危重症病人,EEN较PN有更好的营养效果和代谢效应.     

早期肠外及肠内营养续贯性治疗对神经外科ICU患者免疫功能的影响

目的:研究早期进行全胃肠外营养(TPN)及胃肠内营养(EN)续贯性治疗对于神经外科危重患者免疫功能的影响. 方法:采用前瞻性对比研究方法,将病例随机分为早期TPN EN续贯性治疗组和早期TPN组两组,比较营养支持后淋巴细胞中CD3 ,CD4 ,CD8 比率,CD4 /CD8 比值和血浆中IgA,IgM,IgG浓度. 结果:随着治疗时间的延长,早期TPN EN续贯性治疗组CD3 由(51.5±6.7)%升至(61.4±6.5)%;CD4 由(28.5±6.4)%升至(35.9±7.2)%;CD8 由(19.6±6.8)%升至(21.5±6.5)%;CD4 /CD8 由(1.5±0.5)%升至(1.7±0.5)%. 血浆中IgA由(1.91±0.42) g/L升至(2.37±0.31) g/L;IgM由(1.43±0.44) g/L升至(1.85±0.41)g/L;IgG由(11.16±1.89) g/L升至(13.38±2.08) g/L. 而上述指标在早期TPN组中升高程度较小,两组间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05). 结论:早期肠外及肠内营养续贯性治疗可明显促进患者免疫功能的恢复.     

Enteral intake for very low birth weight infants: what should the composition be?

Providing optimal nutrition to satisfy the growth needs of very low birth weight infants is critical. The available preterm formulas and fortified human milk diets provide protein intakes of approximately 3.5 to 3.6 g/kg/d when volumes sufficient to provide 120 kcal/kg/d are fed to these infants. These intakes support growth and protein accretion at about or slightly greater than intrauterine rate and lead to relatively increased fat deposition. However, most very low birth infants fed these diets remain below the 10th percentile of the intrauterine growth standards at discharge. There is clear evidence that, with respect to growth, very low birth infants are likely to benefit from a higher protein intake; however, there is no clear evidence that energy intakes greater than 120 kcal/kg/d are needed. Although the upper limit of protein intake and the ideal protein:energy ratio remain controversial, there is enough evidence to support the beneficial and safe use of formulas providing protein:energy ratio of 3.2 to 3.3 g/100 kcal.     

经内镜下结肠置管灌肠治疗广泛型中度溃疡性结肠炎的应用研究

目的 评价经肠镜下置管灌肠对广泛结肠型中度溃疡性结肠炎的有效性以及安全性.方法 回顾性收集2016年3月至2020年2月于上海市第十人民医院确诊的中度溃疡性结肠炎患者142例,男性89例,女性53例,其中16例患者接受肠镜下置管术灌肠作为治疗组,经倾向值匹配(1:3)得到48例传统药物治疗患者作为对照组.治疗组给予肠镜...