不同直径腹股沟疝应用腹腔镜疝修补术治疗的临床疗效比较

目的：比较不同直径腹股沟疝应用腹腔镜疝修补术治疗的临床疗效。方法：选取自2009年2月至2013年10月收治的80例腹股沟疝患者作为研究对象,按照疝环直径大小将80例患者分为A组（疝环直径≥10cm）38例与B组（疝环直径＜10cm）42例,均给予腹腔镜疝修补术治疗,比较两组患者手术疗效。结果：两组患者手术时间及住院时间比较均无明显差异（ P＞0．05）,但A组术中出血量明显少于B组（ P＜0．05）,A组术后切口疼痛2例,B组术后切口感染1例、切口血肿1例,两组患者术后并发症发生率分别为5．26％、4．76％,组间比较无明显差异（X2＝1．027,P＝0．182）,无统计学意义。结论：大直径腹股沟疝与小直径腹股沟疝采用腹腔镜疝修补术治疗同样安全有效,且术中损伤较小,更利于手术操作。     

Acute effects of intravenously administered ethanol on retinal vessel diameters and flicker induced vasodilatation in healthy volunteers

There is evidence from several vascular beds that acute alcohol consumption causes ocular hypotension and peripheral vasodilatation. The current study investigated the effects of intravenously administered ethanol on retinal vessel diameters and on flicker induced retinal vasodilatation. For this purpose, ethanol (0.35 g/kg) or placebo (physiologic saline solution) was administered intravenously for 40 min in a randomized, double masked, two way cross-over design to 12 healthy male volunteers. Retinal vessel diameters and flicker induced vasodilatation were measured before administration of ethanol as well as 30, 50, 90 and 130 min after the start of infusion with a retinal vessel analyzer. Intraocular pressure, systemic blood pressure and blood ethanol concentration were determined at the same time points. Intravenous administration of ethanol increased blood ethanol concentration from 0.0 g/l to 0.56 ± 0.10 g/l. Ethanol reduced IOP, but did not change ocular perfusion pressure. After cessation of the infusion blood ethanol concentration started to drop reaching a blood ethanol concentration of 0.22 ± 0.06 g/l 130 min after the start of infusion. Retinal arterial diameters increased significantly after administration of ethanol by a maximum of + 4.2 ± 4.0%, whereas no change was observed in retinal veins. Neither arterial nor venous diameters were influenced by administration of placebo. Flicker stimulation induced a significant dilatation in both arterial and venous diameters. Ethanol did not change flicker responses in arteries or in retinal veins. In conclusion, intravenous administration of ethanol increases retinal arterial diameters, whereas venous diameters remained unchanged. Whether this is related to a direct vasodilator effect or to a hitherto unidentified mechanism remains to be clarified.     

正常人颈脊髓矢状径MRI测量

目的 提供颈脊髓矢状径、颈椎管有效矢状径(脑脊液柱矢状径)正常参考值,筛选出较科学的评估颈脊髓病的影像学标准.方法 在120例正常人颈椎MRI片上,对各节段颈脊髓矢状径、颈椎管有效矢状径、M值(桥脑-延髓交界处矢状径)进行测量,计算脊髓矢状径与椎管有效矢状径比值,以及脊髓矢状径和M值的比值(C/M值),研究它们与性别、年龄和颈椎长度的相关性.评估脊髓矢状径与椎管有效矢状径比值和C/M值的临床应用价值.结果 脊髓矢状径、椎管有效矢状径、M值男性大于女性(P<0.05),脊髓矢状径和椎管有效矢状径比值和C/M值男女无差别(P>0.05).颈脊髓矢状径和M值随着颈椎长度的增加而增加(r=0.215,P=0.010;r=0.151,P=0.020).颈脊髓矢状径和颈椎管有效矢状径比值与年龄成呈相关(r=0.242,P<0.01),与颈椎长度无明显相关(r=0.082,P=0.200).C/M值与年龄和颈椎长度均无相关性(r=0.06,P=0.359;r=0.003,P=0.900).结论 C/M值能够很好评价颈脊髓萎缩、受压、损害的状况,它很少受到个体差异的影响,是临床评估颈脊髓疾病的良好标准之一.     

正常人眼眶骨性径线CT测量及其临床意义

目的:建立正常人眼眶骨性径线 CT测量的方法 ,为眼眶重建提供形态学依据。 方法 :选择正常成年男女各 30例 (12 0只眼眶 ) ,CT横断位 冠状位扫描 ,在过眶外缘点的冠状面图像上测量眶左右径 (X1 )及上下径(X2 ) ;在神经 -眼平面图像上测量眶前后径 (X3)、眶外壁长 (X4 )、眶外缘长 (X5)、眶内缘长 (X6 )以及眶上裂宽度(X7)。结果 :2 m m层厚骨算法 CT扫描图像可用于活体眼眶骨性径线的测量 ,具有较高的精确度和可靠性 ,但 CT测量定位点与解剖学测点不完全一致。男性眼眶 X1 、X2 、X3分别为 (39.6 2± 1.81)、(36 .2 9± 2 .2 1)、(4 1.5 8± 1.77)mm,女性分别为 (37.6 6± 1.4 5 )、(35 .0 1± 2 .0 8)、(39.2 3± 1.2 2 ) mm,所有径线左、右侧差别均无统计学意义 (P>0 .0 5 ) ,而男女组间差别有统计学意义 (P均 <0 .0 1)。结论 :眼眶骨性径线 CT测量的关键是确定扫描基线和测量平面 ,对诊断眼眶畸形、指导眶内手术、眼眶重建及颅底微创外科等具有重要意义。     

Effects of acute bouts of endurance exercise on retinal vessel diameters are age and intensity dependent

Alterations of retinal vessel diameters are associated with increased cardiovascular risk. We aimed to investigate changes in retinal vessel diameters in response to acute dynamic exercise of different intensities and whether these changes are age dependent. Seventeen healthy seniors (median (IQR) age 68 (65, 69) years) and 15 healthy young adults (median (IQR) age 26 (25, 28) years) first performed a maximal treadmill test (MTT) followed by a submaximal treadmill test (SMTT) and a resting control condition in randomised order. Central retinal arteriolar (CRAE) and central retinal venular (CRVE) diameter equivalents were measured before as well as 5 (t₅) and 40 (t₄₀) minutes after exercise cessation using a static retinal vessel analyser. Both exercise intensities induced a significant dilatation in CRAE and CRVE at t₅ compared to the control condition (P < 0.001). At t₄₀, the mean increase in CRAE and CRVE was greater for MTT compared to that for SMTT (CRAE 1.7 μm (95 % confidence interval (CI) −0.1, 3.6; P = 0.061); CRVE 2.2 μm (95 % CI 0.4, 4.1; P = 0.019)). However, the estimated difference at t₅ between seniors and young adults in their response to MTT compared to SMTT was 5.3 μm (95 % CI 2.0, 8.5; P = 0.002) for CRAE and 4.1 μm (95 % CI −0.4, 8.6; P = 0.076) for CRVE. Wider arteries and veins after maximal versus submaximal exercise for seniors compared to young adults suggest that myogenic vasoconstriction in response to exhaustive exercise may be reduced in seniors. Age-related loss of vascular reactivity has clinical implications since the arteriolar vasoconstriction protects the retinal capillary bed from intraluminal pressure peaks.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11357-014-9650-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Assymetry of Temporal Artery Diameters During Spontaneous Attacks of Cluster Headache

Background.— Cluster headache is characterized by strictly unilateral head pain associated with symptoms of cranial autonomic features. Transcranial Doppler studies showed in most studies a bilateral decreased blood flow velocity in the middle cerebral artery.
Objective.— To investigate whether there is a bilateral or unilateral extracranial vasodilation during spontaneous cluster headache attacks.
Design and methods.— In 9 cluster headache patients, we investigated the luminal diameter of the superficial temporal artery with ultrasound on the headache and headache-free side during and outside cluster headache attacks.
Results.— During cluster headache attacks, the diameter of the superficial temporal artery on the painful side was greater, 1.48 mm, than the diameter on the nonheadache site, 1.14 mm ( P  < .01). Outside attacks, median diameters on the 2 sides were quite comparable, 1.34 vs 1.31 mm ( P  = .67).
Conclusions.— What was observed is most likely a general pain-induced arterial vasoconstriction (confer the decrease in diameter on the pain-free side) with an unchanged superficial temporal artery on the pain side because of some vasodilator influence.     

Antifungal activity of the benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids from Chelidonium majus Linn against resistant clinical yeast isolates

Ethnopharmacological relevance

The herb of Chelidonium majus Linn is known to possess a variety of biological activities and applied in the therapy of various infectious diseases.

Aim of the study

To evaluate the in vitro antifungal activity of the active components from Chelidonium majus against clinical drug-resistant yeast isolates.

Materials and methods

Active compounds were obtained using bioassay-guided method. Six species of yeast fungi were exposed to the compounds. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) were determined according to the standard broth microdilution method.

Results

Of the six compounds determined, 8-hydroxydihydrosanguinarine (1) and 8-hydroxydihydrochelerythrine (2) demonstrated potent activity with the MIC ranges of 2–80 and 4–100 μg/mL, respectively. Dihydrosanguinarine (3), dihydrochelerythrine (4), sanguinarine (5) and chelerythrine (6) had some degree of antifungal activity.

Conclusions

The overall results provided important information for the potential application of the 8-hydroxylated alkaloids from Chelidonium majus in the therapy of serious infection caused by drug-resistant fungi.     

Astrocyte cell lineage. V. Similarity of astrocytes that form in the presence of dBcAMP in cultures to reactive astrocytes in vivo

The relationship between astrocytes forming in the presence of dibutyryl cyclic AMP (dBcAMP) in culture and reactive astrocytes responding to a cerebral cortex stab wound was investigated using computerized image analysis (Zeiss IBAS 1) and immunocytochemical staining. The diameters of the nuclei of astrocytes in primary cultures of newborn mouse neopallial cells were compared to those of the nuclei of normal and reactive astrocytes in histological sections of mouse cerebral cortex. We found that the nuclei of astrocytes that formed in the presence of dBcAMP in cultures are significantly larger than those of spontaneously occurring small stellate astrocytes in culture and of normal astrocytes of the cerebral cortex in vivo but corresponded more closely to the nuclei of reactive astrocytes in the area surrounding a stab wound in the cerebral cortex. Large stellate cells formed in the presence of dBcAMP had vimentin and an increase in GFP-containing intermediate filaments. Formation of reactive astrocytes in vivo is also associated with an increase in both vimentin and GFP-containing intermediate filaments. These observations indicate a closer relationship of astrocytes formed in the presence of dBcAMP in cultures to the reactive astrocytes in the cerebral cortex than to normal astrocytes. We propose, therefore, that the large stellate astrocytes that form in the presence of dBcAMP be referred to as reactive astrocytes in culture.     

B型超声对胎儿宫内发育的估价(附100例报告)

应用B型超声对100例孕妇进行监护,根据胎头双顶径、羊水、胎盘分级估价胎儿宫内发育情况,对临床监护高危妊娠有一定指导意义。     

不同直径家蚕丝素纳米纤维对星形胶质细胞生长与迁移的作用

目的通过研究3种不同直径的家蚕丝素纳米纤维对纯化的星形胶质细胞生长发育的影响,寻找理想的家蚕丝素纳米纤维的物理参数,为后期使用再生丝素纤维改变神经损伤后形成的物理屏障和化学屏障提供参考和借鉴。方法将混合培养纯化的星形胶质细胞接种在3种不同直径的家蚕丝素纳米纤维材料上,分别选取各时间段的细胞进行星形胶质酸性蛋白（GFAP）特异性免疫荧光染色和活细胞拍摄,并统计不同时间段星形胶质细胞的增殖、铺展和迁移状况。结果第6d时400nm材料上星形胶质细胞的增殖和铺展面积与1200nm相比差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,但是3种直径的材料对星形胶质细胞铺展的最大长度没有显著作用。800nm和1200nm的材料在细胞增殖、铺展面积和最大长度上的差异都不大。结论家蚕丝素纳米材料的直径能影响星形胶质细胞的增殖和铺展,尤其是直径为400nm的材料。