体外青蒿素衍生物抗卡氏肺孢子虫作用的PCR-SSCP分析

目的　研究双氢青蒿素、青蒿琥酯对卡氏肺孢子虫胸腺嘧啶合成酶基因 (TS)、二氢叶酸还原酶基因 (DHFR)的影响。方法　用不同浓度的双氢青蒿素、青蒿琥酯作用于体外培养的卡氏肺孢子虫。用药 7天后收集培养液提取卡氏肺孢子虫DNA ,分别进行PCR扩增 ,将扩增产物作DNA的单链构象多态性分析 (SSCP)。结果　卡氏肺孢子虫TS基因和DHFR基因的扩增产物分别为 40 3和 2 73bp。经青蒿素衍生物作用后TS基因、DHFR基因在溴化乙锭染色上的强度均有明显减少。继续作SSCP分析发现 ,用药组与不用药组对比DHFR基因DNA条带无明显差别 ,而用TS基因DNA条带中有一条带的位置发生改变 ,提示该基因可能出现变异。结论　SSCP分析结果提示青蒿素衍生物对卡氏肺孢子虫的DHFR基因结构无影响 ,而TS基因则可能出现部分变异。提示TS基因可能是该类药物抗卡氏肺孢子虫的机理之一     

Significance of acid amyloglucosidase in sulphonylurea-induced insulin release

Summary The effect of exogenous acid amyloglucosidase on sulphonylurea-induced insulin release was investigated in mice and rats. 1. Pretreatment of mice with acid amyloglucosidase enhanced insulin release induced by the different sulphonylurea derivatives, carbutamide, tolbutamide, glibenclamide, and glibornuride. 2. A dose-response relationship between glibenclamide-induced insulin response and amyloglucosidase dosage covering a 64-fold concentration range was established in mice. 3. Pretreatment of the animals with other macromolecules of similar physiological or chemical properties to acid amyloglucosidase such as-amylase,-glucuronidase and albumin did not influence glibenlamide-induced insulin release. 4. The effect of acid amyloglucosidase pretreatment on insulin release induced by different agents known to affect the islet-cell adenylate cyclase-cyclic AMP system such as secretin, L-isopropylnoradrenaline (L-IPNA), arginine, glibenclamide and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) was tested. It was observed that in animals pretreated with acid amyloglucosidase, insulin release was enhanced when stimulated by glibenclamide, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, but it was similarly enhanced by arginine, a phosphodiesterase activator. Insulin release induced by secretin, L-IPNA, and IBMX was unaffected. 5. Acid amyloglucosidase pretreatment in rats enhanced plasma immunoreactive insulin levels following glibenclamide injection not only in the peripheral veins but also in the portal vein. 6. Mice fasted for 24 hrs displayed a markedly depressed insulin response to tolbutamide injection. Pretreatment of the fasted animals with acid amyloglucosidase could restore the tolbutamide-induced insulin release to the same level as that recorded in a group of freely fed mice. It is suggested that acid amyloglucosidase plays an important role in insulin secretion induced by sulphonylureas. Most evidence suggests that this effect is exerted within the B-cell although an additional effect on the liver cannot be ruled out.     

2015—2019年天津市眼科医院局部抗青光眼用药的使用情况分析

目的 分析2015—2019年天津市眼科医院局部抗青光眼药品的使用情况及发展趋势。方法 对天津市眼科医院2015—2019年局部抗青光眼药品的销售金额、用药频度（DDDs）、日均费用（DDC）、排序比（B/A）等进行回顾性统计分析。结果 前列腺素衍生物类局部抗青光眼药品的销售金额远高于其他4类药品销售金额。拉坦前列素滴眼液（国产）、拉坦前列素滴眼液（进口）、曲伏前列素滴眼液、盐酸卡替洛尔滴眼液、酒石酸溴莫尼定滴眼液、布林佐胺滴眼液稳居本院用药金额前6位。盐酸卡替洛尔滴眼液DDD稳居第1位。除了2015—2016年盐酸卡替洛尔滴眼液的DDC值略有上升外,其他滴眼液的DDC值均维持不变或呈下降的趋势。盐酸卡替洛尔滴眼液的B/A最高。结论 本院局部抗青光眼药品使用基本合理,前列腺素衍生物类药物逐渐成为抗青光眼的一线用药。     

二苯甲酮衍生物对酪氨酸酶生物活性的影响*

报道了11种二苯甲酮衍生物对酪氨酸酶生物活性的影响。结果显示,7种化合物对酪氨酸酶表现出激活效应,其中4-羟基二苯甲酮与-3羟基二苯甲酮对酪氨酸酶最大激活率分别达到230%和214%。当化合物中羟基被其他官能团,如甲基、甲氧基、氟等取代之后,这类化合物对酪氨酸酶的激活效应会大幅度降低,甚至消失。动力学研究显示,4-羟基二苯甲酮与3-羟基二苯甲酮对酪氨酸酶激活动力学模式均为非竞争性。     

二氢卟吩p6醚类光敏剂的合成及光动力抗癌活性研究

目的 基于前期研究表明二氢卟吩f的3-乙烯基成醚修饰具有更强的光敏抗肿瘤活性而设计合成二氢卟吩p₆醚类光敏剂（1）,研究其初步体外光动力抗癌活性。方法 以蚕沙叶绿素a粗提物酸水解产物脱镁叶绿酸a（5）经碱及空气氧化降解制得的紫红素-18（4）为先导物,通过碱水解和CH₂N₂甲基化制得二氢卟吩p₆三甲酯（2）,2与33% HBr加成后再和烷氧醇发生亲核取代反应生成目标化合物（1）,并评价其对黑色素瘤B16-F10细胞的光动力杀伤效应。结果 6个目标化合物1a-1f对黑色素瘤B16-F10细胞的体外光动力抗癌活性均优于同类阳性对照药他拉泊芬和维替泊芬,其结构经电喷雾质谱（ESI-MS）、氢谱（¹H NMR）、碳谱（¹³C NMR）及电喷雾高分辨质谱（ESI-HRMS）确证。结论 二氢卟吩p₆醚类光敏剂具有光动力抗癌活性强、治疗指数（暗毒/光毒比）高等优点,值得进一步开发研究。     

Taxotere resistance in SUIT Taxotere resistance in pancreatic carcinoma cell line SUIT 2 and its sublines

AIM: To investigate the specific mechanisms of intrinsic and acquired resistance to taxotere (TXT) in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAC). METHODS: MTT assay was used to detect the sensitivity of PAC cell line SUIT-2 and its sublines (S-007, S-013, S-020, S-028 and TXT selected SUIT-2 cell line, S2/TXT) to TXT. Mdr1 (P-gp), multidrug resistance associated protein (MRP), lung resistance protein (LRP) and beta-tubulin isotype gene expressions were detected by RT-PCR. The functionality of P-gp and MRP was tested using their specific blocker verapamil (Ver) and indomethacin (IMC), respectively. The transporter activity of P-gp was also confirmed by Rhodamine 123 accumulation assay. RESULTS: S-020 and S2/TXT were found to be significantly resistant to TXT(19 and 9.5-fold to their parental cell line SUIT-2, respectively). RT-PCR demonstrated strong expression of Mdr1 in these two cell lines, but weaker expression or no expression in other cells lines. MRP and LRP expressions were found in most of these cell lines. The TXT-resistance in S2-020 and S2/TXT could be reversed almost completely by Ver, but not by IMC. Flow cytometry showed that Ver increased the accumulation of Rhodamine-123 in these two cell lines. Compared with S-020 and SUIT-2, the levels of beta-tubulin isotype II, III expressions in S-2/TXT were increased remarkably. CONCLUSION: The both intrinsic and acquired TXT-related drug resistance in these PAC cell lines is mainly mediated by P-gp, but had no relationship to MRP and LRP expressions. The increases of beta-tubulin isotype II, III might be collateral changes that occur when the SUIT-2 cells are treated with TXT.     

Synthesis and biological evaluation of quinoxaline derivatives as tubulin polymerization inhibitors that elevate intracellular ROS and triggers apoptosis via mitochondrial pathway

A series of novel quinoxaline derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their antiproliferative activity in three human cancer cell lines. Compound 12 exhibited the most potent antiproliferative activity with IC₅₀ in the range of 0.19–0.51 μM. The compound inhibited tubulin polymerization and disrupted the microtubule network, leading to G2/M phase arrest. Furthermore, compound 12 induced ROS production and malfunction of mitochondrial membrane potential. Compound 12 led to cancer cells apoptosis in a dose‐dependent manner. Western blot analysis showed that compound 12 induced up‐regulation of p21 and affected the expression of cell cycle‐related proteins. The binding mode was also probed by molecular docking.