Leucoxenols A and B,two new phenolics from Bornean medicinal plant Syzygium leucoxylon

The medicinal plant, Syzygium leucoxylon or commonly known as Obah found in North Borneo was considered as traditional medicine by local committee. Two new phenolics, leucoxenols A (1) and B (2) were isolated and identified as major secondary metabolites from the leaves of S. leucoxylon. Their chemical structures were elucidated based on spectroscopic data such as NMR and HRESIMS. Furthermore, these compounds were active against selected strains of fungi.     

动物内源性多肽CGA—N46抗菌谱及对动物细胞的作用

目的研究抗真菌肽CGA-N46的抗菌谱及对不同动物细胞的作用效果。方法采用微量稀释法测定CGA-N46对14种常见病原真菌的抗菌活性;采用分光光度法检测CGA-N46对红细胞的溶解作用,采用MTT法测定CGAN46对鸡胚成纤维细胞的毒性作用及对癌细胞的抑制作用。结果CGA-N46对光滑念珠菌、近平滑念珠菌、克柔念珠菌、热带念珠菌、白念珠菌具有抑菌活性,其MIC分别为4．0、4．0、0．5、1．0、1．0mg／ml;最小抑菌浓度的CGA-N46无溶血作用,对鸡胚成纤维细胞无毒性,但对肺癌A549细胞有抑制作用,72h最大抑制率为60．53％。结论CGA-N46多肽具有抗念珠菌作用,且具有抗癌潜力,而对正常细胞安全、无毒性。     

双组分信号系统抑制剂对白念珠菌生长及黏附力的影响

目的研究双组分信号系统抑制剂对白念珠菌生长及黏附力的影响。方法测定双组分信号系统抑制剂乳酸依沙吖啶和氯氰碘柳胺在不同作用时间下的白念珠菌生长浓度;检测在不同浓度2种药物作用下,白念珠菌对口腔颊黏膜上皮细胞的黏附率。结果乳酸依沙吖啶和氯氰碘柳胺可以明显抑制白念珠菌的生长(P<0.05);2种药物都不同程度的抑制了白念珠菌对口腔黏膜上皮的黏附(P<0.01)。结论双组分信号系统抑制剂可以明显抑制白念珠菌的生长及黏附力。     

Clinical significance of the detection of Candida albicans germ tube-specific antibodies in critically ill patients

The present study, comprising a prospective multicentre study including 53 non-neutropenic patients from intensive care units (ICU) in six Spanish tertiary-care hospitals, was carried out to determine the clinical significance and influence on mortality of Candida albicans germ tube-specific antibodies (CAGTA). There were 22 patients (41.5%) for whom the CAGTA results were positive, although none of had a blood culture positive for Candida . The intra-ICU mortality rate was significantly lower (p = 0.004) in CAGTA-positive patients (61.2% vs. 22.7%). Multivariate analysis confirmed that a positive CAGTA result was the only protective factor to be independently associated with ICU mortality (β coefficient = −0.3856; 95% confidence interval = −0.648 to −0.123).     

In vitro synergism of a water insoluble fraction of Uncaria tomentosa combined with fluconazole and terbinafine against resistant non-Candida albicans isolates

Context: Uncaria tomentosa D.C. (Rubiaceae) has several biological activities, including activity against resistant Candida strains. The synergistic interaction with terbinafine or fluconazole can be an important alternative to overcome this resistance.

Objectives: The potential synergy between a water insoluble fraction (WIF) from Uncaria tomentosa bark and the antifungals terbinafine (TRB) and fluconazole (FLZ) against non-Candida albicans resistant strains was investigated.

Materials and methods: TRB and FLZ, alone and combined with WIF, were tested by the checkerboard procedure using the micro-dilution technique against seven isolates of Candida glabrata and C. krusei. The molecular interactions occurring outside the cell wall were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis.

Results: The checkerboard inhibitory assay demonstrated synergy for WIF:TRB and WIF:FLZ combinations, respectively. The best synergistic cell damage was demonstrated unequivocally for the associations of WIF and TRB (1.95:4.0?μg/mL) and WIF and FLZ (1.95:8.0?μg/mL). The comparison of the FT-IR spectra of the antifungal alone, and in combination with WIF, allows recognizing clear differences in 3000, 1600, 1400, and 700–800?cm^?1 bands. Additionally, modifications on TRB and FLZ thermograms were clearly noticed after their combination with WIF.

Conclusions: DSC and infrared analysis demonstrated intermolecular interactions between WIF and either TRB or FLZ. Hence, quite likely the synergistic effect is related to interaction events occurring outside the cell wall between antifungal and cat’s claw proanthocyanidins. A direct action on the cell wall is suggested, without connection with the ABC efflux pump mechanism.     

念珠菌尿诊治新进展

由于目前的诊断技术难以准确区分尿内念珠菌的定植与感染,使得念珠菌尿在临床中的地位和诊治价值未受到充分重视。本文就此问题分析了国内外念珠菌尿相关研究进展和案例报道,结果表明念珠菌尿与念珠菌血症关系密切,较其他部位念珠菌定植更易发生侵袭性念珠菌病,值得临床上给予更多地关注和重视,尤其是对于危重症患者,在确定了念珠菌尿原因之后应予以积极地抗真菌治疗。     

206株念珠菌属的临床分布及药物敏感性分析

目的：研究念珠菌属的临床分布及其对8种抗真菌药物的敏感性。方法：采用法国科玛嘉念珠菌属显色培养基分离鉴定菌株，用先德YO-8 Yeast One药敏板进行药敏试验。结果：206株念珠菌属中，以白色念珠菌最常见占63.50％，其次为热带念珠菌占12．40％、光滑念珠菌（10．20％）、克柔念珠菌（2.10％）、近平滑念珠菌属占1，90％，其他念珠菌占（3．90％）。念珠菌属感染的主要部位为肺、泌尿道、消化道：药物敏感试验显示：念珠菌属对两性霉素B、5-氟胞嘧啶、卡泊芬净敏感性最高，对咪唑类药物存在不同程度的耐药。结论：念珠菌属在临床标本中分离率较高，不同菌种对不同药物敏感性存在较大差异，临床上应重视念珠菌属的培养和药敏试验，合理选用抗真菌药物。     

新结构类型抗真菌先导化合物的研究进展

近年来深部真菌感染率不断升高，而目前临床上现有的抗真菌药物均存在较大缺陷，难以满足治疗所需，因此寻找全新结构类型和全新作用机制抗真菌先导化合物对研发新一代抗真菌药物具有重要意义。本文综述了近年来新报道的抗真菌先导化合物，详细讨论了它们的化学结构、抗真菌活性和构效关系，并评述了它们的现有问题和未来发展方向。