Stimulant actions of Δ 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol in mice

⁹-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) augments the locomotor activity produced by methamphetamine (0.5 mg/kg) in aggregated mice. THC-induced augmentation was dose related and lasted for a two-hour period. Maximal effective dosage of THC was 15 mg/kg with higher dosages of 30 and 60 mg/kg producing a decrease from maximum in locomotor activity. THC, 15 mg/kg, also increases locomotor activity among aggregated animals treated with saline. However, the increase was much less than the methamphetamine augmentation. In similar studies using isolated mice THC produced only a dose-related decrease in locomotor activity among both methamphetamine-treated and saline-treated animals. THC, 60 mg/kg, had no effect on methamphetamine-induced lethality in aggregated mice. However, at 15 mg/kg, THC significantly enhanced the lethality of methamphetamine. THC did not after methamphetamine lethality in isolated mice. Distribution studies using ¹⁴C-methamphetamine indicated that neither THC nor isolation of animals affected tissue concentration or disappearance of ¹⁴C material. Previously reported synergistic interaction between amphetamine and THC is related to aggregation of the animals rather than drug treatment. Since THC at low doses can stimulate motor activity in saline-treated animals, amphetamine may act only to amplify the behavioral activity produced by low doses of THC.     

《内经》针刺禁忌理论的人文观与自然观探讨

用人文与自然的观点，对《内经》关于针刺禁忌的理论进行分析，用中医的整体观念，将针刺禁忌理论，从具体的部位、具体的疾病升华到人神与自然的高度。论述了精神对气血的导引作用以及体内阴阳之气的运动规律，同时阐明了逆时逆势而刺后患无穷，反为针害的重要道理，并强调了针灸治疗要关注人的精神，关注自然环境的绿色医学思想。     

引滦水源隐孢子虫和f2噬菌体消长规律研究

目的 探讨天津引滦水源原虫与病毒污染现状和消长规律。方法 根据引滦河道的排污、与其他水体交叉及其倒虹闸的分布情况确定采样监测点。分别用隐孢子虫和f2噬菌体表示水体受原虫和病毒污染的情况，水样通过浓集分离装置使隐孢子虫和f2噬菌体得到浓集，隐孢子虫经过固定、洗脱、悬浮和洗涤、染色，镜检计数；f2噬菌体滤液中加入Ecoli 285寄主菌液，恒温培养，观察计数。结果 各采样点隐孢子虫和f2噬菌体点次检出率分别为57．7％和63，9％，分别集中在春夏季和秋季。f2噬菌体在中上游较高，于桥水库和下游较低。结论 引滦水源已受原虫和病毒的污染。建议将引滦河道中极易受到污染的自然河道和明渠段改为暗渠输水方式，并加强引滦河道沿岸工农业和生活污染来源的监控。     

广州市河网污染与酸雨相关性研究

[目的]探讨河网严重污染后对环境的影响,尤其是对酸雨形成的影响。[方法]以广州市河网为例,通过测定河网受严重污染后水体沉积物中H2S、SO2、NH3的排放量,同时对当地的酸雨进行监测。[结果]实验表明,河网污染最严重的晚春、夏、初秋季节,H2S、SO2、NH3的排放量明显增高,且在这段时间,恰好是酸雨频发、严重的时期。[结论]河网污染与局部酸雨的形成有一定的相关性。     

湘江株洲城区段水质监测、评价及污染因素调查分析

目的通过对湘江株洲段水质监测及污染因素调查,为保护湘江水体卫生提供依据。方法选择湘江株洲段上缘、下缘及距下缘5km处分别布三个监测点。在丰水期和枯水期每期监测两次,每次取湘江左岸、江中、右岸水样共计36个水样,按国家统一水质检测方法检测污染物。结果株洲在经过一定的环保措施后,水质状况有好转,但目前仍有污染,特别是镉、挥发酚、汞、砷超标率高,分别为2.64%、2.28%、1.36%、0.86%,主要污染来源仍为工业废水。并且与江中采砂搅动江底污泥、医院污水排放、生产、生活用水排放有关。另外,清除城镇污沟、清洗含毒物质用具可导致突发性污染。结论今后须加强对广大民众保护水资源卫生的宣传教育,并从根本上解决废水处理。     

长江三角洲区域经济增长趋同检验与分析

改革开放以来的24年中，长三角15个城市地区存在比较明显的经济增长趋同现象，同时经历了首先快速趋同而后缓慢趋异的动态变化过程，其转折点是二十世纪九十年代初期；不包括上海在内的长三角14个城市地区的经济增长同样存在趋同现象，也经历了先趋同后趋异的变化过程。二者存在着比较明显的差别：前一时段14城市地区经济增长趋同的速度较15城市为慢，而后一时段经济增长趋异的速度较15城市地区为快。长三角地区经济增长趋同及其变化过程的主要作用机制不是资本边际报酬递减，不是技术扩散和转移，也不是结构变迁或生产要素跨部门的再配置，而是经济全球化背景下国际资本（外商直接投资）转移的空间选择及其演化规律。     

《内经》所蕴含的中医肾病证治思路探讨

邹氏肾科医术非物质文化遗产团队根据《内经》相关理论结合团队临床实践对常见肾病的中医证治思路进行探讨,认为肾气不足为肾病发病之因,肾元衰竭是发病之本。临床中需注意未病先防、既病防变,强调治病必求于本。根据临床实际情况,分别提出从脾肾、从肝肾、从肺论治肾病,常用治法有健脾温肾、扶正渗利、清肝解毒、养肝滋阴、平肝潜阳、疏肝活络、疏风宣肺、清热宣肺、清热利咽、和法缓治、活血化瘀、疏滞泄浊等法。      

黄酒对大鼠肠道微生物的影响

目的 观察黄酒对大鼠肠道微生物的影响,探讨其对肠道微生物调节作用的可能机制.方法 将30只SD大鼠随机分为对照组和给药组,对照组仅给予正常饲料喂食,给药组饲料中每日添加乙醇度为15.0％vol的黄酒5 ml,6周后处死大鼠,取肠道内容物做肠道乳杆菌属、大肠埃希菌及真菌等病原菌培养,利用统计方法研究两组的关系.结果 黄酒不影响大鼠的体重及血糖变化,两组差异无统计学意义；乳杆菌属给药组(351.1±13.6)×104 CFU/g、对照组(242.7±10.7)×104CFU/g,两组差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),大肠埃希菌给药组(122.5±11.7)×105 CFU/g,对照组(137.3±20.2)×105CFU/g,两组差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),真菌给药组(119.8±13.9)×102 CFU/g、对照组(134.2±18.3)×102 CFU/g,两组差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 适量饮用黄酒能增加肠道益生菌,减少肠道致病菌或条件致病菌,对肠道微生物有一定的调节作用.     

Praziquantel treatment of school children from single and mixed infection foci of intestinal and urogenital schistosomiasis along the Senegal River Basin: monitoring treatment success and re-infection patterns

Following major water development schemes in the 1980s, schistosomiasis has become a serious parasitic disease of children living in the Senegal River Basin. Both urogenital (Schistosoma haematobium) and intestinal (Schistosoma mansoni) schistosomiasis can be highly prevalent in school-aged children, with many individuals infected with both parasites. In order to investigate the transmission and re-infection dynamics of both parasite species, single and mixed infection foci at three villages (Nder and Temeye; S. mansoni and S. haematobium foci and Guia; S. haematobium focus) were studied. In each focus infected children were identified and selected for a 12-month study involving two treatments with praziquantel (40 mg/kg) three weeks apart at the beginning of the study and again 6 months into the study. Urine and stool samples were examined for schistosome eggs before and at 6 weeks and 6 months after chemotherapy. Prevalence and intensity of infection were recorded for each child at each time point. Before treatment, in all three villages, the prevalence and intensity of infection was extremely high for both S. mansoni (79–100%) and S. haematobium (81–97%). With the first round of chemotherapy sufficient cure rates (CRs) of both species were achieved in all villages (38–96%) with high egg reduction rates (ERRs) (97–99%). The data show that high and rapid re-infection rates occur, especially for S. mansoni, within a six-month period following treatment. Re-infection must be highly linked to ecological and seasonal factors. The persistence of S. mansoni in Nder could raise concern as levels of infection intensity remain high (geometric mean intensity at baseline 653 epg changed to 705 epg at 12 months) after four rounds of chemotherapy. This phenomenon could be explained by extremely rapid re-infection dynamics or a sub-optimal efficacy of praziquantel against S. mansoni in this village. High intensities in mixed infections may influence disease epidemiology and control warranting further studies. The disease situation in the SRB must be monitored closely and new treatment regimes should be designed and implemented to control schistosomiasis in the school-age population.     

Yellow fever live attenuated vaccine: A very successful live attenuated vaccine but still we have problems controlling the disease

Yellow fever (YF) is regarded as the original hemorrhagic fever and has been a major public health problem for at least 250 years. A very effective live attenuated vaccine, strain 17D, was developed in the 1930s and this has proved critical in the control of the disease. There is little doubt that without the vaccine, YF virus would be considered a biosafety level 4 pathogen. Significantly, YF is currently the only disease where an international vaccination certificate is required under the International Health Regulations. Despite having a very successful vaccine, there are occasional issues of supply and demand, such as that which occurred in Angola and Democratic Republic of Congo in 2016 when there was insufficient vaccine available. For the first time fractional dosing of the vaccine was approved on an emergency basis. Thus, continued vigilance and improvements in supply and demand are needed in the future.