肾移植患者西罗莫司的群体药动学研究

目的:建立中国肾移植患者西罗莫司的群体药动学模型,为实施个体化用药提供理论支持。方法:选择47名肾移植术后采用西罗莫司+泼尼松+环孢素或他克莫司或霉酚酸酯(MMF)三联免疫抑制治疗的患者为研究对象,回顾性收集47名患者服药后的101个西罗莫司稳态血药浓度及相应的试验室检查数据,运用Winnonmix药动学软件,采用非线性混合效应模型(NONMEM)分析体重、年龄、性别、给药剂量、合并用药、肌酐清除率等对药动学参数的影响。最终模型的验证采用Jackknife法进行内部验证。结果:西罗莫司符合无滞后时间的一级消除动力学一室模型。固定效应结果量子,合用MMF和体重可影响药物清除率。最终模型公式为:CL/F(L·h-1)=11.01×0.14MMF+0.089×W。CL/F和Vd/F的群体典型值分别是11.01L·h-1和3616L,个体间变异分别为62.82%和85.07%。观测值和预测值间的残差(SD)和相关系数(r)分别是1.0ng·mL-1和0.94。结论:所建立的群体药动学模型能较好地估算服用西罗莫司的肾移植患者的个体及群体药动学参数,对指导临床个体化用药具有重要意义。     

CD4(+)CD25(high)CD127(low) regulatory T cells in patients with stable angina and their dynamics after intracoronary sirolimus-eluting stent implantation

Rapamycin contributes to the expansion of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in vitro. We investigated CD4(+)CD25(high)CD127(low) Treg level dynamics as well as the major parameters of cell immunity and sCD25 and highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) concentrations in the blood of patients after coronary stenting (CS) with sirolimus (rapamycin)-eluting stents (SES; n = 43). The relation between initial Treg values and the severity of coronary atherosclerosis was observed. Treg and sCD25 levels were increased 1 month after CS versus baseline values and versus data in the control group (coronary angiography [CA], n = 20). A positive correlation between Treg and sCD25 levels was reported, whereas no relation was observed with the length of SES implanted. HsCRP level was increased during the first 7 days and returned to baseline values 1 month after CS/CA. Treg content is lower in patients with multivessel CAD. Elevated levels of Tregs and sCD25 after SES implantation might occur because of the immunomodulating effect of rapamycin.     

高效液相色谱法测定西罗莫司滴眼液的含量

目的建立测定西罗莫司滴眼液含量的高效液相色谱方法。方法采用Diamonsil C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)为色谱柱;乙腈-甲醇-水(7.5∶62.5∶30,v/v/v)为流动相,柱温50℃,检测波长276 nm,流速1.2 ml/min。结果在20～80μg/ml浓度范围内,西罗莫司峰面积和浓度呈良好的线性关系(r=0.999 7),平均回收率为100.1%,RSD为0.3%,精密度高,耐用性好,样品溶液可以在室温环境下24 h内稳定。结论本方法专属性强,操作简便,结果准确,可用于测定西罗莫司滴眼液的含量。     

A phase I study of sirolimus and bevacizumab in patients with advanced malignancies

Background

We performed a single institution, phase I study of sirolimus and bevacizumab, in order to determine the dose limiting toxicity (DLT) and recommended phase II doses.

Patients and methods

Eligible patients had previously treated advanced malignancies and were enrolled in three cohorts. Sirolimus 90 mg PO weekly (45 mg on days 1 and 2) was combined with bevacizumab 7.5 mg/kg (cohort #1) or bevacizumab 15 mg/kg (cohort #2) IV q3weeks. Sirolimus 4 mg PO daily was combined with bevacizumab 15 mg/kg IV q3weeks (cohort #3).

Results

Twenty-eight patients enrolled. The most common tumour types were colorectal (21%), head/neck (14%), and renal cell (11%). No DLTs were observed in cohorts #1 (4 patients) and #2 (12 patients), while two DLTs (grade 3 confusion and grade 3 fatigue) were observed in the first six patients in cohort #3 (12 patients). The most common grade 3 toxicities were fatigue (18%), hypertension (14%) and anorexia (11%). There were no responses, but one patient has had stable disease for 78 weeks.

Conclusions

The combination of sirolimus and bevacizumab at full doses is tolerable in the majority of patients. The availability and cost of sirolimus compared with other mTOR inhibitors make this an attractive agent to combine with bevacizumab.     

肾移植术后TOR-I替代CNI免疫抑制治疗的Meta分析

目的:评价肾移植术后雷帕霉素靶位抑制剂(TOR-I)替代钙调蛋白抑制剂(CNI)免疫抑制治疗的疗效和安全性。方法:检索Cochrane图书馆及Medline、Embase、SCI、CBM数据库和其他相关文献,对纳入研究进行方法学质量评价和Meta分析。结果:纳入10个随机对照试验,3个A级、7个B级。Meta分析结果显示,2组急性排斥反应和肾小球滤过率差异有统计学意义:RR=1.65,95%CI[1.42,1.93]和WMD=8.04,95%CI[2.45,13.62],患者存活率和移植物存活率差异无统计学意义:RD=-0.00,95%CI[-0.02,0.02]和RD=-0.01,95%CI[-0.04,0.01]。结论:基于当前证据,TOR-I对比CNI在肾移植术后免疫抑制治疗中能提高肾小球滤过率,降低巨细胞病毒感染发生率,不影响患者存活率与移植物存活率;但增加了急性排斥反应发生率和贫血、高胆固醇血症、高甘油三酯血症发生风险。     

西罗莫司在肝移植患者中应用的系统性评价

目的:运用循证药学方法评价西罗莫司在肝移植患者中的有效性及安全性。方法:检索2000-2009年的中国期刊网全文数据库(CNKI)、维普中文科技期刊全文数据库(VIP)、万方数据医药信息系统、中国生物医学文献服务系统(CBM)、SpringerLink和PubMed等发表的西罗莫司在肝移植患者中应用的中、外文献,进行循证药学分析,采用RevMan4.2.2软件进行Meta分析。结果:共检索到文献2884篇,有7篇文献纳入研究。Meta分析显示,肝移植术后使用西罗莫司与否在患者存活情况和移植肝存活情况方面的作用差异无统计学意义(P=0.69),但使用西罗莫司可以减少急性排斥反应的发生(P=0.04),改善患者肾功能(P<0.00001)。结论:西罗莫司可以减少肝移植术后患者急性排斥反应的发生,改善肾功能,但未改善移植肝存活率。     

Aspects of mTOR biology and the use of mTOR inhibitors in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a large and highly conserved kinase that integrates growth factor stimulation, energy and nutrient availability to modulate translation of proteins responsible for cellular growth and proliferation. Its importance in malignant cells provides strong rationale for the development of mTOR inhibitors (mTORi) in a broad variety of solid tumors and hematological malignancies. However several questions regarding mTOR biology and its interaction with pharmacological inhibitors remain unanswered and are relevant for further development of this novel family of cancer drugs. Nevertheless, mTORi have demonstrated activity in lymphoma cells either alone or in combination with cytotoxic agents. The most promising results have been seen in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), likely because of its dependence on Cyclin D, the translation of which is largely regulated by mTOR activity. The currently knowledge of mTOR biology will here be reviewed along with the status of clinical development of mTORi in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.     

移植肾功能减退受者使用西罗莫司替代钙调磷酸酶抑制剂的转换治疗

目的研究肾移植术后移植肾功能减退的受者将钙调磷酸酶抑制剂（CNI）转换为西罗莫司（SRL）治疗后的有效性及安全性。方法对45例肾移植术后以CNI为主要免疫抑制剂的移植肾功能减退受者（在过去6个月内血肌酐浓度上升超过20％或达到176-308μmol／L）采用以SRL替换CNI的转换治疗。转换治疗时距离患者肾移植术后6～44个月，平均13．24-月。转换治疗方案采取CNI快速减量并停用，与其联合应用的其他免疫抑制剂在转换期间剂量维持不变，SRL首剂单次口服负荷剂量为4～6mg／d，维持剂量1～2mg／d。随访6个月，观察其临床效果和不良反应。结果SRL的血药浓度维持在4～8μg／L。血清肌酐在转换治疗前为（242．15±73．04）μmol／L，转换治疗后3个月和6个月时分别下降至（188．32±58．96）μmol／L和（173．36±58．08）μmol／L（P〈0．05）。转换治疗后3个月时血尿素氮、血红蛋白和血清钙浓度明显下降，转换治疗后6个月时血清钾和钙浓度明显下降（P〈0．05）。在转换治疗期间所有患者均未发生排斥反应，人、肾存活率100％；有3例患者并发感染，经抗生素治疗后好转。结论肾移植术后发生移植肾功能减退或慢性移植肾肾病的受者，用SRL替换CNI是一种安全有效的治疗方案。     

西罗莫司对肝癌肝移植术后肿瘤复发的抑制作用

目的探讨联合西罗莫司的联合免疫抑制方案对肝癌肝移植术后肿瘤复发的抑制作用。方法选用Wistar大鼠40只,建立大鼠肝癌肝移植术后肿瘤复发模型,实验组予(SRL MP CSA),对照组(MP CSA),观察60 d,死后剖腹探查取病理检查。对比结果。结果实验组荷瘤大鼠荷瘤肝重为(12.5±0.2)g,较对照组(14.4±0.3)g轻,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);实验组荷瘤大鼠荷瘤肝重比为(0.0613±0.0006),较对照组(0.0708±0.0013)小,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);实验组复发率为90%,对照组为95%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);实验组生存时间为(25.0±1.9)d,对照组为(14.8±2.3)d,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。实验组大鼠PCNA指数为(64.1±2.1)%,较对照组(80.8±1.0)%低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论采用联合西罗莫司的联合免疫抑制方案虽然对肿瘤复发率改善不明显,但能够有效抑制肿瘤的生长速度、延长带瘤生存时间。