Changes in hepatic lymph vessels in endotoxaemia.

This study was undertaken into rats to investigate changes in the hepatic lymph vessels and the space of Disse in endotoxaemia and to examine their relationship with the development of endotoxin-induced hepatic injury. Lymph stasis, namely dilatation of the lymph vessels and oedema, developed rapidly in the medium-sized portal canals, the large portal canals, and the liver hilum after endotoxin injection, but not in the small portal canals. Such changes reached their maximum 4-8 h after endotoxin injection and had recovered markedly by 16 h after the injection. The space of Disse remained within normal limits during this period. These findings suggest that the intrahepatic lymph stasis in endotoxaemia may be caused by a reduction in the pumping activity of the extrahepatic and the intrahepatic large lymph vessels rather than by an increase of lymph formation in the liver lobules. There was no evidence suggesting a direct relationship between the disturbance of hepatic lymph flow and the development of hepatic injury in endotoxaemia.     

Use of laboratory data to identify risk factors of giant coronary aneurysms due to Kawasaki disease

BACKGROUND: Although some laboratory findings are known to be indicators of the risk of giant coronary aneurysm formation among Kawasaki disease patients, an appropriate cut-off point to predict aneurysm formation is not clear. METHODS: One hundred and five patients with giant coronary aneurysms were selected from the 15th and 16th nationwide surveys of Kawasaki disease in Japan. A total of 2936 patients without Kawasaki disease were recruited from a single hospital as a control group. Odds ratios were calculated for six laboratory data with specific values as cut-off points. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were observed to determine the most appropriate laboratory tests and cut-off points. RESULTS: Hematocrit, leukocyte count, neutrophil proportion, and hemoglobin had one or more peaks of odds ratio for specific cut-off points, but they did not have a clear cut-off point for the predictor according to the receiver operating characteristic curves. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) increased the risk of giant coronary aneurysms continuously so no clearly appropriate cut-off point was identified. Serum sodium concentration of 135 mEq/L had a peak of odds ratio, and those with <135 mEq/L had the highest odds ratio (4.78). This value seemed appropriate with a sensitivity of 78% and specificity of 57%, although the predictive positive value was as small as 5%. CONCLUSION: The author's propose that a serum sodium concentration of <135 mEq/L at the patient's first visit to hospital may be a predictor of giant coronary aneurysms due to Kawasaki disease.     

乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检的临床意义

目的 评价应用蓝染料示踪剂识别乳腺癌前哨淋巴结（sentinel lymph node,SLN)的可行性和SLN预测腋窝淋巴结（axillary lymph node,ALN)转移的准确性。方法 应用专利蓝对42例临床腋窝淋巴结阴性的乳腺癌患者进行SLN定位和活检术。结果 37例找到SLN，SLN检出率88.1%，SLN的成功定位与患者的年龄有关。SLN预测ALN状态的准确率为93.8%，假阴性2例。结论 蓝染料示踪法定位乳腺癌SLN是成功率较高的方法，且操作简单，花费少，SLN活检能够准确预测腋窝淋巴结的转移状况，在将来治疗腋淋巴结阴性的乳腺癌中，这一技术可以免除患者接受不必要的腋淋巴结清扫术。     

腹腔镜改良性腹膜后淋巴清除术治疗临床Ⅰ期睾丸非精原细胞瘤

目的:探讨腹腔镜改良性腹膜后淋巴清除术初步经验,评估其手术可行性和近期临床疗效。方法:2004年10月~2006年7月,对7例临床诊断为Ⅰ期睾丸非精原细胞瘤患者,施行了经腹腔途径腹腔镜改良性腹膜后淋巴清除术,年龄26~36岁,平均年龄为30岁,睾丸肿瘤大小为3.0 cm×2.5 cm×2.0 cm~6.5 cm×4.5 cm×3.0 cm,左侧3例,右侧4例,均通过B超、腹膜后CT、胸片检查,并施行了根治性睾丸切除和病理证实。术后淋巴结阳性患者施行了3个疗程的化疗。结果:7例均获得成功,无1例改开放手术。手术时间为120~210 min,平均160 min,手术失血量50~200 ml,平均150 ml,均未输血。术后1~3 d肛门排气,于1~2 d拔除引流管;术后平均住院时间5.5 d。病理报告6例均无转移性淋巴结,其中1例为1/18淋巴结转移,术后无明显并发症。随访6~32个月,平均14个月,阴茎勃起功能良好,射精功能正常。定期复查血hCG、AFP均阴性,B超复查均未发现腹膜后淋巴结,胸片表现均正常。其中淋巴结阳性1例患者术后接受3个疗程的辅助化疗,随访6个月,无瘤存活。结论:腹腔镜改良性腹膜后淋巴清除术具有损伤小、并发症少、术后恢复快等特点,可以代替传统开放手术。     

结直肠癌淋巴结转移与部分肿瘤分子标志物表达的相关性研究

目的 探讨部分肿瘤相关分子标志物免疫组织化学的表达与结直肠癌淋巴结转移的相关性.方法 应用免疫组织化学技术检测65例结直肠癌手术标本Ki-67、p53的表达情况,对照手术所见和手术标本的病理检查结果 ,研究这些肿瘤相关分子标志物与肿瘤的生物学特性如浸润和淋巴结转移等的关系.结果 65例结直肠癌手术标本Ki-67、p53免疫组织化学的表达与肿瘤肠壁浸润深度无明显相关性(P＞0.05).Ki-67的表达及Ki-67标记指数的表达与淋巴结转移及Dukes分期有明显的相关性(P＜0.01);p53标记指数的表达与淋巴结转移有相关性(P＜0.05),与Dukes分期有明显的相关性(P＜0.01).结论 作为反应细胞增殖活性的肿瘤相关分子标志物Ki-67,其免疫组织化学的表达程度可间接反映结直肠癌淋巴结转移状况,可能成为反映淋巴结转移的一个标志物.     

Sentinel Bleeding After Pancreaticoduodenectomy: A Disregarded Sign

Introduction Delayed massive hemorrhage induced by pancreatic fistula after pancreaticoduodenectomy is a rare but life-threatening complication. The purpose of this study was to analyze the clinical course of patients with late hemorrhage, with or without sentinel bleeding, to better define treatment options in the future. Material and Methods From April 1998 to December 2006, 189 pancreaticoduodenectomies were performed. Eleven patients, including two patients referred from other hospitals, were treated with delayed massive hemorrhage occurring 5 days or more after pancreaticoduodenectomy. Sentinel bleeding was defined as minor blood loss via surgical drains or the gastrointestinal tract with an asymptomatic interval until development of hemorrhagic shock. The clinical data of patients with bleeding episodes were analyzed retrospectively. Results Eight of the 11 patients had sentinel bleeding, and seven of them had it at least 6 h before acute deterioration. Seven out of 11 patients died, five out of eight with sentinel bleeding. No differences could be detected between patients with or without sentinel bleeding before delayed massive hemorrhage. The only difference found was that non-surviving patients were significantly older than surviving patients. Delayed massive hemorrhage is a common cause of death after pancreaticoduodenostomy complicated by pancreatic fistula formation. The observation of sentinel bleeding should lead to emergency angiography and dependent from the result to emergency relaparotomy to increase the likelihood of survival.     

伴淋巴结鳞状细胞癌转移的梭形细胞肌上皮癌临床病理分析

目的 探讨伴淋巴结鳞状细胞癌转移的梭形细胞肌上皮癌病理特征、诊断和鉴别诊断,提高对该肿瘤的诊断水平.方法 对1例颌下腺梭形细胞肌上皮癌及颈清扫淋巴结进行组织形态学和免疫组化观察,并结合文献复习.结果 肿瘤主要由梭形细胞构成,细胞排列紧密,异型性明显,分裂相易见伴大片坏死及玻璃样变.经广泛取材,见到少许小管样结构及小灶状鳞状细胞癌成分.颈清扫淋巴结可见鳞状细胞癌转移.免疫组化显示,梭形肿瘤细胞:SMA、Desmin灶状阳性,p53强阳性,CK(AE1/AE3)、S-100、CD34、GFAP、CD10、HMB45均为阴性;淋巴结转移癌成分CK(AE1/AE3)阳性、SMA阴性.结论 肌上皮癌属于罕见的恶性肿瘤,梭形细胞为主的肌上皮癌,其淋巴结转移癌的形态可以与肿瘤主体细胞的形态截然不同.根据组织学特点,结合免疫组化及电镜观察,可以作出明确诊断及鉴别诊断.     

术中淋巴染色对早期乳腺癌前哨淋巴结判定作用的研究

目的：探讨术中淋巴染色在早期乳腺癌前哨淋巴结判定中的作用。方法：62例Ⅰ、Ⅱ期乳腺癌，术中向乳腺肿块或其周围组织内注入1％亚甲蓝注射液4ml，术后将腋淋巴结按部位统计每例染色淋巴结的数量、转移度，计算用染色淋巴结判断腋淋巴结转移情况的敏感性、特异性、准确性和漏诊率。结果：62例淋巴染色均而获成功。23例腋淋巴结查见转移癌，其中20例染色淋巴结查见转移癌。判断腋淋巴结有无转移敏感性为87．0％（20／23），特异性为100％（39／39），准确性为93．7％（59／62），漏诊率为13．0％。染色淋巴结的转移度34．8％（39／112），与总体淋巴结及未染色淋巴结的转移度（27．5％、29．7％）差异没有统计学意义。结论：采用亚甲蓝作为术中淋巴染色剂，对早期乳腺癌病人有较高的成功率，应用染色淋巴结作为前哨淋巴结来判断腋淋巴结转移情况有较高的漏诊率，其应用价值尚待进一步大样本的研究评价。     

急性下壁心肌梗死时缓慢性窦房结功能紊乱的临床表现与治疗

目的：讨论急性下壁心肌梗死患者缓慢性窦房结功能紊乱的发生率。临床意义及转归。方法：对260例急性下壁心肌梗死患者的临床状况及心电图进行连续观察分析。结果：发生缓慢性窦房结功能紊乱者共50例。其中窦性心动过缓36例（13.85%,36/260)，窦房阻滞8例（3.08%,8/260)。窦性静止6例（2.31%,6/260)。结论：急性下壁心肌梗死患者缓慢性窦房结功能紊乱发生率较高，且多标志病情较严重。