山东地产药材北沙参浸出物含量测定

依据《中华人民共和国药典》附录中记载的浸出物含量测定方法 ,对不同来源、不同加工方法的北沙参进行了水溶性浸出物含量测定 ,为建立北沙参药材质量标准提供了依据。     

中医药在糖尿病胃轻瘫治疗中的应用及思考

糖尿病胃轻瘫（DGP）发病率较高,药物治疗存在一定的局限性,部分患者可能出现一定的不良反应,这影响糖尿病的治疗。中药治疗DGP可以有效缓解患者症状,降低现有药物不良反应,辅助控制血糖。现代医家多利用辨证分型组方、经方验方及中成药进行辨病辨证治疗相结合,运用单味药、药对、中药提取物进行个体化治疗。现通过概述中药的多种组方思路,总结其优势,并对中药治疗DGP的现状进行思考与总结,以期中医药治疗DGP得到更好的发挥。     

核电站事故的公众防护行动

随着核能发展不断推进,居住在核电站周围的公众数量越来越多,但是他们普遍缺乏对核辐射的基础知识,对核事故的防护行动也知之甚少。而及时、正确的防护行动可以将核电站事故对公众的健康危害降到最低。本文介绍了核电站事故后,公众的防护行动：隐蔽、体表污染去污、撤离、服用稳定性碘、食品和饮用水控制、个人防护措施、宠物照料、心理援助等,以指导公众在事故后开展正确的自救与互救,提高公众对核电站事故的应急响应能力。     

正交试验法优选银翘解毒软胶囊的水煮提取工艺

采用Ｌ９（３＾４）正交设计,以浸膏得率,正丁醇浸出率,绿原酸含量为考察指标,优选银翘解毒软胶囊的水煮提取工艺。结果表明：最佳提取工艺为首次加１０倍量水,浸泡３０ｍｉｎ,煎煮２ｈ,第２次加８倍量水,煎煮１．５ｈ。     

Plant sterols in vegetables and fruits commonly consumed in Sweden

Summary Plant sterols are known to have serum cholesterol lowering effects. A high dietary intake might therefore have a positive impact on health. All food items of vegetable origin contain some amount of plant sterols. The aim of this study was to analyse the plant sterol content of vegetables and fruits commonly consumed in Sweden, and to compare fresh and cooked samples of the same items. Altogether 20 different vegetables and 14 fruits were analysed. All vegetables and fruits were purchased in two shops in the city of Gothenburg, Sweden. Lyophilization was performed within one month of the items being purchased. The samples were frozen at −20 (C and analysed within six months, with a GLC method after acid hydrolysis, alkaline hydrolysis and silylation with tri-methylsilylether. The acid hydrolysis was done in order to detect the fraction of glycosylated plant sterols, which are split during boiling with HCl. The median plant sterol content of vegetables was 14 (3.8–50) mg/100 g edible portion. The highest concentrations were found in broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cauliflower and olives. The median plant sterol content of fruits was 16 (3–44) mg/100 g edible portion. The highest concentrations were found in oranges and passion fruits. The plant sterol concentrations were thus low in vegetables and fruits commonly consumed in Sweden. A serum cholesterol lowering effect attributed to the plant sterols in vegetables and fruits would therefore be of limited significance. Received: 25 September 1998, Accepted: 10 February 1999     

生姜合剂对运动病大鼠血浆皮质醇水平的影响

本文研究生姜合剂抗运动病时血浆皮质醇水平的变化,以探讨运动病与内分泌功能的关系,为运动病防治提供新的实验依据。方法:以旋转运动诱发大鼠条件性厌食症模拟运动病,用放射免疫法测定此时的血浆皮质醇水平,并观察生姜合剂(灌胃,1.8ml/200g)的抗运动病作用,及对血浆皮质醇水平的影响。结果:模拟运动病时大鼠血浆皮质醇水平有升高趋势,生姜合剂能进一步提高大鼠的血浆皮质醇水平。结论:运动病不是一种单纯的应激反应,运动病的发生可能与异常运动刺激引起机体内分泌功能紊乱有关。     

银杏叶提取物对兔心肌缺血再灌注损伤时中性粒细胞活化的影响

目的 观察兔心肌缺血再灌注前后ＰＭＮ（中性粒细胞）的活性变化过程。了解银杏叶提取物保护心肌是否与影响中性粒细胞活化作用有关。方法 取３０只日本大耳白兔随机均分为３组,假手术对照组、缺血再灌注组和实验用药组。用药方法：用自制的银杏叶提取物注射剂（总黄酮含量５ｍｇ／ｍｌ）５ｍｌ静滴给药。分别于冠脉结扎前和结扎缺血１ｈ后采血用布式显微镜观察白细胞活化状态的变化。检测白细胞表面粘附分子ＣＤ１１／ＣＤ１８表     

牛视网膜提取物对人-鼠杂合细胞抗体产生的影响

目的：探讨牛视网膜提取物对人－鼠杂合细胞抗体产生的影响。方法：在ＰＲＭＩ１６４０完全培养基（ＣＭ）中加入２０ｍｇ／Ｌ牛视网膜提取蛋白,配成牛视网膜培养基（ＢＲＥＭ）。用ＭＴＴ测定、细胞克隆技术、夹心ＥＬＩＳＡ方法和染色体分析,比较人－鼠杂合细胞Ｇ１２在两种培养条件下的细胞活力、克隆效率、人ＩｇＭ分泌和人染色体阳性细胞比率之间的差异。结果：用ＢＲＥＭ培养的Ｇ１２细胞活力高于用ＣＭ培养（Ｐ＜００５）。用ＢＲＥＭ培养的Ｇ１２细胞克隆中分泌人ＩｇＭ者占１２／２４,用ＣＭ培养的克隆只占２／４７。Ｇ１２细胞传代培养３个月后,用ＢＲＥＭ培养的上清人ＩｇＭ水平Ａ４９０为０３３５±００５０,用ＣＭ培养的上清为００７０±００２７（Ｐ＜００５）。前者含人染色体阳性的细胞为２０％,后者２５％,两者间没有差异（Ｐ＞００５）。结论：添加牛视网膜提取物的培养基可以提高人－鼠杂合细胞的活力和人ＩｇＭ抗体的分泌能力。维持人源性ＩｇＭ持续分泌的条件不仅取决于杂合细胞中人染色体的存在和稳定,还有其它未知因素在起作用,牛视网提取蛋白可以提供这方面的需要。     

抗龋健齿含片的研制

目的　研制一种具有较强防龋健齿作用 ,无毒副作用和使用方便的口含片。方法　以经反复实验筛选出的具有较强杀灭或抑制人类主要致龋菌———变形链球菌作用的植物药物金银花提取物 (有效成分氯原酸 )和甘草提取物 (有效成分甘草酸铵 )为主药 ,配伍钙、锌等矿物质和微量元素 ,经一定的加工工艺制成口含片缓释药物剂型并经体内外实验 ,观察该药抑菌、抑酸和对离体牙的防龋效果 ,经在体临床观察药物抑制菌斑形成的作用和在口腔内的浓度及维持的时间。结果　药物对变形链球菌的生长、产酸及菌斑的形成有较强的抑制作用 ;能增强离体牙的抗龋能力 ,减少龋病的发生率 ;在口腔内能维持较高的药物浓度和较长的时间。结论　抗龋健齿含片是一种有较强防龋健齿作用 ,使用方便 ,无毒副作用的抗龋药物     

The use of Lepidium sativum in a plant bioassay system for the detection of microcystin-LR.

Toxin-producing cyanobacteria pose a worldwide health threat to humans and animals due to their increasing presence in both drinking and recreational waters. Detection of microcystins in water generally relies on specialised equipment and a delay of several days for transport and analysis. Little work has, however, been done on establishing a simple, cost-effective and sensitive plant bioassay for the detection of microcystin-LR (MCLR) in water at the WHO Tolerable Daily Intake guideline level of 1 microg/l. We investigated the effect of a MCLR extract at 1 and 10 microg/l on the growth of Lepidium sativum over 6 days. Exposure to 10 microg/l MCLR resulted in a significant decrease in root and leaf lengths and fresh weights of seedlings when compared to the controls. These results were consistent with seedlings exposed to pure MCLR at 10 microg/l. Seedlings exposed to 1 microg/l MCLR showed a significant decrease in root development from day 2 to day 6. Glutathione S-transferase and glutathione peroxidase activities were also significantly raised in plants from days 5 and 4, respectively, at both toxin levels investigated.