成人Still病诊疗进展

【摘要】 成人Still病是一类病因未明的全身炎症性疾病，临床表现多样，其诊断和治疗存在一定困难。近年来发现，血红素加氧酶1、钙网蛋白、炎症细胞因子、糖基化终末产物等新型标志物可对成人Still病的活动程度和严重程度进行全面评估，而新研发的生物制剂如肿瘤坏死因子抑制剂、白细胞介素1（IL-1）抑制剂、IL-6抑制剂、重组IL-18结合蛋白也有望用于治疗。本文主要综述成人Still病的诊断和治疗进展。     

The comparative effects of metabolic surgery,SGLT2i,or GLP-1RA in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes: a retrospective cohort study

BackgroundNew antidiabetic agents (sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor [SGLT2i] and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist [GLP-1RA]) and metabolic surgery have protective effects on metabolic syndromes.ObjectivesTo compare the changes of metabolic parameters and costs among patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes undergoing metabolic surgery and initiating new antidiabetic agents over 12 months.SettingHong Kong Hospital Authority database from 2006–2017.MethodsThis is a population-wide retrospective cohort study consisting of 2616 patients (1810 SGLT2i, 528 GLP-1RA, 278 metabolic surgery). Inverse probability treatment weighting of propensity score was applied to balance baseline covariates of patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes who underwent metabolic surgery, or initiated SGLT2i or GLP-1RA. Metabolic parameters and direct medical costs were measured and compared from baseline to 12 months in metabolic surgery, SGLT2i, and GLP-1RA groups.ResultsPatients in all 3 groups had improved metabolic parameters over a 12-month period. Patients with metabolic surgery achieved significantly better outcomes in BMI (?5.39, ?.56, ?.40 kg/m², P < .001), % total weight loss (15.16%, 1.34%, 1.63%, P < .001), systolic (?2.21, ?.59, 1.28 mm Hg, P < .001) and diastolic (?1.16, .50, ?.13 mm Hg, P < .001) blood pressure, HbA1c (?1.80%, ?.77%, ?.80%, P < .001), triglycerides (?.64, ?.11, ?.09 mmol/L, P < .001), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (3.08, ?1.37, ?.41 mL/min/1.73m², P < .001) after 12 months compared with patients with SGLT2i and GLP1-RA. Although the metabolic surgery group incurred the greatest direct medical costs (US$33,551, US$10,945, US$10,627, P < .001), largely due to the surgery itself and related hospitalization, the total monthly direct medical expenditure of metabolic surgery group became lower than that of SGLT2i and GLP-1RA groups at 7 months.ConclusionBeneficial weight loss and metabolic outcomes at 12 months were observed in all 3 groups, among which the metabolic surgery group showed the most remarkable effects but incurred the greatest medical costs. However, studies with a longer follow-up period are warranted to show long-term outcomes.     

Learners’ acceptance of a webinar for continuing medical education

The aim of this study was to evaluate learners’ acceptance of a webinar for continuing medical education that was instigated by the International Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons (IAOMS). A live, interactive webinar on orthognathic surgery was broadcast via the Internet. The learners’ acceptance of the webinar was evaluated using a standardized, validated questionnaire (Student Evaluation of Educational Quality, SEEQ). One hundred and fifty-three participants attended the webinar; 55 participants (46 male, nine female) completed the questionnaire. The mean age of the respondents was 41.6 ± 10.0 years. The age of male and female respondents did not differ significantly. The respondents were spread over five continents, with the highest number from Brazil. The SEEQ showed a high level of acceptance for almost all subscales. There was no statistically significant difference between male and female respondents concerning acceptance of the webinar (P = 0.614). The wide distribution of participants shows the potential for webinars as facilitators of barrier-free distribution of knowledge. The webinar was well accepted by the attendees independent of sex, specialty, and work experience. However, the sex ratio reflects the underrepresentation of women in oral and maxillofacial surgery.     

口腔病理学研究性学习教学改革的尝试

为了培养有自学能力、信息获取能力、沟通能力和临床思维能力的高素质医学人才,建立适应人才培养需要的口腔病理学教学方法,本文采用行动研究方法,对基于问题解决为中心、研究性学习的教学方法进行了实验性研究,旨在探讨如何充分利用网络资源进行口腔医学教学改革的思路,希望对今后教学改革具有启示作用。     

病原菌结构及耐药性的变化趋势

目的分析解放军总医院304临床部10年来临床感染的病原菌结构及耐药趋势变迁，为临床抗感染治疗提供科学依据。方法统计分析1995-2004年住院患者各类标本分离细菌的鉴定及药敏试验结果。结果革兰阴性菌株占历年收集菌株总数的51．0％～70．2％，以铜绿假单胞菌、大肠杆菌、克雷伯菌属为主，但构成比有下降的趋势；革兰阳性菌以金黄色葡萄球菌（金葡菌）的分离率最高，其构成比逐年升高，1999年以后成为构成比最高的病原菌，其中耐甲氧西林的金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）占42．9％～74．5％。此外，不动杆菌属的构成比在1998年明显升高，并在其后维持在较高水平。药物敏感性检测显示MRsA对多种药物呈高度耐药，铜绿假单胞菌和不动杆菌属对各类抗生素的耐药率呈上升趋势。结论金葡菌构成比的增高和大肠杆菌等革兰阴性菌构成比的降低，导致了我院病原菌结构发生明显变化，同时主要病原菌的耐药水平普遍增强，临床医生应根据这一变化相应调整抗感染治疗策略，以取得最佳疗效。     

胶囊内镜检查对双气囊小肠镜进镜方式选择的指导作用

目的:探讨胶囊内镜检查对双气囊小肠镜进镜方式选择的指导作用．方法:胶囊内镜检查阴性或可疑病变者20例行双气囊小肠镜检查(均在麻醉下进行),包括经口和经肛进镜方式．根据胶囊内镜时间指数 (胶囊内镜从幽门至病灶的通过时间／幽门至回盲瓣的通过时间)选择首次进镜方式,时间指数>0．50时首先考虑经肛进镜检查,对未发现异常者择期改换方式再行检查．分析按胶囊内镜时间指数选择双气囊小肠镜进镜方式的准确性．结果:胶囊内镜检查阴性者5例,行经口双气囊小肠镜检查,有1例在改为经肛检查后检出病灶．胶囊内镜检查怀疑小肠病变者15例,有 12例(80．0％)经双气囊小肠镜结合活检病理确诊．以时间指数>0．50为标准,4例(分别为0．99, 0．8,0．65和0．59)首选经肛进镜检查,后二者(时间指数分别为0．65和0．59)需换从口侧进镜检查而检出病灶;如以时间指数>0．75为标准,该 2例不再需要改换方式再行检查,另2例病变部位被判断为回肠远端,经肛进镜即可准确到达病灶．结论:胶囊内镜检查可指导对双气囊小肠镜进镜方式的选择,时间指数>0．75提示首选经肛进镜检查．