Anton’s syndrome due to a giant anterior fossa meningioma. The problem of routine use of advanced diagnostic imaging in psychiatric care

Summary We present a case of blindness and Anton’s syndrome in a psychiatric patient with late diagnosis of a giant frontal meningioma. The criteria for advanced diagnostic imaging in the psychiatric population are discussed. We conclude that MR or CT scan is indicated in psychiatric in-patients who fail to improve with standard psychiatric treatment. This strategy should be submitted to a cost-benefit analysis.     

WHAT KIND OF BENEFIT DO WE EXPECT FOR PERORAL PANCREATOSCOPY IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF INTRADUCTAL PAPILLARY MUCINOUS TUMOR OF THE PANCREAS?

Intraductal papillary mucinous tumor (IPMT) of the pancreas is characterized by slow growth and a relatively favorable prognosis, however, invasive cancer originating in an IPMT is associated with a poor prognosis. Although various parameters in imaging modalities have been advocated to differentiate between benign IPMN and malignant ones, it is not easy to obtain definite diagnosis based on these parameters. Peroral pancreatoscopy (POPS) allows a clear and direct visualization of the pancreatic duct, providing useful information regarding tumor nature in IPMT. The authors have studied the usefulness of POPS in the diagnosis of IPMT. Nevertheless, its usefulness is not necessarily widely accepted and the significance of POPS is still controversial. In this review, the authors intended to address the diagnostic value of POPS and to clarify its role in the diagnosis of IPMT. The authors think treatment of IPMT can be improved by introducing POPS because the determination of surgical procedure as well as the area of resection based on the preoperative diagnosis of the involvement of the main pancreatic duct and branch duct is inevitable.     

新型隐球菌脑膜炎的诊断探讨及文献复习

目的:探讨新型隐球菌脑膜炎(CNM)的临床特点及诊断方法。方法:对18例CNM患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析并文献复习。结果:18例患者均经病原学确诊。大部分CNM患者为亚急性起病,临床表现无特异性,误诊率高,首诊误诊率为72％,其中误诊为结核性脑膜炎的占69％。结论:脑脊液中找到新型隐球菌是诊断该病的重要依据,多种快速检测手段结合可提高早期诊断率。     

CT对肾结核的诊断意义探讨

目的探讨肾结核的CT表现，分析CT检查在肾结核诊断中的意义。方法对42例肾结核患者进行CT检查及增强扫描并结合其他临床资料作综合分析。结果CT检查肾内有低密度病灶，空洞形成，多发空洞有特征性改变。结论肾结核的CT表现有一定的特征性，CT检查优于其他方法，在肾结核的诊断中有重要意义。     

胆囊结石伴胆囊癌的诊治分析

目的探讨胆囊癌与胆囊结石的关系及胆囊结石伴胆囊癌的诊断和治疗特点。方法对1993年1月至2004年12月间收治的27例胆囊癌合并胆囊结石患者进行回顾性临床分析。结果27例胆囊癌合并胆囊结石患者,男10例,女17例,男女之比为1:1.7。平均年龄68.5岁,其中60岁以上22例。临床症状最常见为腹痛(85.2%)。既往有明确胆结石病史患者15例,入院后发现胆结石的有12例。行B超检查的23例,诊断胆囊癌的有12例(52.2%)。CT结合增强扫描检查12例,诊断胆囊癌的有8例(66.7%)。行肿瘤根治切除者8例,根治率29.6%。随访13例,随访期为3个月~7年,获随访者的平均存活时间为12个月。结论胆囊结石是胆囊癌的发病因素之一,胆囊癌早期诊断困难,晚期治疗效果差,伴胆囊结石的胆囊癌关键是要引起重视,不能满足胆囊结石的诊断而遗漏胆囊癌。对胆囊结石患者要密切随访,高危患者要尽早手术。     

Sensitivity and specificity of a self-administered questionnaire for familial screening of adult-onset dystonia.

We developed a self-administered questionnaire for screening the most common adult-onset dystonias. It was tested in 90 first-degree relatives of 22 adult-onset dystonia patients, yielding 79% sensitivity and 94% specificity. Simulation of a case-finding procedure based on serial application of the questionnaire and clinical examination of both subjects screening positive and subjects screening negative who had < 8 years of schooling increased sensitivity to 95% and specificity to 100%. This questionnaire may be an important screening resource for familial aggregation studies to be used in the context of a complex case-finding procedure.     

垂体脓肿的诊断与治疗(附10例报告)

目的探讨垂体脓肿的临床特点、诊断和治疗。方法回顾性分析10例垂体脓肿的病史、临床表现、影像学表现、手术记录和随访结果。结果8例早期出现尿崩症,影像学表现为MRI检查T1像等信号或低信号,T2像等信号或高信号,环行强化,5例垂体柄增粗50%,随访6个月至4年,均未见复发。结论早期尿崩症、垂体柄增粗和环形强化的囊性病灶应首先怀疑垂体脓肿,早期诊断、及时手术和合理的抗生素治疗是提高垂体脓肿预后的关键。     

The multiform and variable patterns of onset of orofacial granulomatosis

BACKGROUND: The recurrent chronic orofacial swelling caused by orofacial granulomatosis (OFG) can cause significant cosmetic and functional problems but can be prevented if the disease is diagnosed early and promptly treated. Although the enlargement of the lips is described to be the most common presenting complaint, the clinical onset of OFG may be characterized by minor associated mucosal and neurological manifestations, making early diagnosis very difficult or, sometimes, merely presumable. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical manifestations of 19 patients with OFG, who were examined at our institution between 1998 and 2002, in order to determine their initial manifestations and presenting symptoms. RESULTS: A total of 10 patients showed classical recurrent enlargement of the lips (six lower; four upper) as presenting symptom. In the other nine patients, OFG onset was characterized by transient unilateral facial nerve palsy (two cases), intraoral manifestations (two cases), recurrent swelling of the periorbital area (two cases), of the chin (one case), of the zygomatic area (one case), and of the cheeks (one case). CONCLUSION: Our data underlined that OFG onset could be frequently characterized by widely variable, multiform, and temporary clinical findings. Involvement of atypical sites of the orofacial region and presence of single minor manifestations may occur as presenting symptoms, often preceding the development of traditional clinical findings.     

原发性食管间质瘤的诊断和治疗(附2例报告和国内文献复习)

目的探讨原发性食管间质瘤（esophageal stromal tumor,EST）的临床特征及外科治疗方法。方法总结2例EST的外科手术资料，并对国内同类病例进行文献复习和讨论。结果本组2例EST均行手术切除，随访无复发。迄今国内个案报道8例EST，结合回顾性病理文献资料不足50例，经手术切除者，随访1年以上均无复发。结论EST是一种少见病，免疫组化检测是确诊方法，手术切除是主要治疗手段。     

前置胎盘孕妇恐惧心理观察及护理

目的观察前置胎盘孕妇的恐惧心理反应，做好前置胎盘孕妇的心理护理。方法由孕妇自行填写CES-D和SA2量表，进行统计学分析。结果70．2％的前置胎盘孕妇具有恐惧心理。结论在妊娠过程应提高孕妇认知水平，加强心理护理，有助于她们顺利渡过妊娠期。