阴道来源的乳杆菌抑菌物质研究进展

乳杆菌是大多数健康女性阴道微生态中的优势菌群,对预防泌尿生殖系统感染性疾病起重要作用。能产生乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素和生物表面活性物质等抑菌物质是乳杆菌成为潜在益生菌的重要基础。本文对阴道来源的乳杆菌抑菌物质相关研究进展作一综述。     

嗜酸乳杆菌对人舌癌细胞增殖的影响

目的研究嗜酸乳杆菌对人舌癌细胞Tca8113增殖及细胞周期的影响。方法体外培养Tca8113细胞,分别将不同稀释度（原液和4、16倍稀释）的嗜酸乳杆菌上清液、灭活菌液和无细胞提取物与Tca8113细胞共培养,采用倒置显微镜观察细胞形态并行细胞计数,磺酰罗丹明B（SRB）法测定细胞增殖率,流式细胞术分析嗜酸乳杆菌各组分对Tca8113细胞增殖及细胞周期的影响,激光扫描共聚焦显微镜（CLSM）检测细胞内自由基和Ca2+含量。结果嗜酸乳杆菌各组分作用于Tca8113细胞48 h后,在倒置显微镜下观察,细胞由菱形、多角形、铺路石状变为细长形。细胞计数与SRB实验分析：在不同稀释度同一培养时间与不同培养时间同一稀释度培养条件下,嗜酸乳杆菌各组分均可明显抑制Tca8113细胞增殖,抑制力随稀释度增加而降低,随培养时间延长而增强。流式细胞术分析：嗜酸乳杆菌各组分作用Tca8113细胞48 h后,细胞增殖指数降低（P<0.01）。CLSM检测：嗜酸乳杆菌各组分作用Tca8113细胞48 h后细胞内自由基和Ca2+含量均升高（P<0.01）。结论嗜酸乳杆菌代谢产物、灭活菌液、无细胞提取物均可抑制Tca8113细胞增殖,可能与菌体及其代谢产物引起细胞内自由基含量增多、Ca2+超载有关。     

Acid production and growth by oral Lactobacillus species in vitro

Aim: To analyze the acid‐producing and growth abilities of different oral Lactobacillus species. Methods: Thirty‐nine oral clinical strains and type strains of Lactobacillus, representing nine species, including Lactobacillus casei/paracasei, Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus gasseri, Lactobacillus mucosae, Lactobacillus oris, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus salivarius, and Lactobacillus vaginalis were studied. Anaerobically‐grown bacterial cells were inoculated overnight in de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe broth containing 2% glucose (pH 7.0). Acid production and growth were measured at 0, 1.5, 3, 5, 7, and 24 h. Results: Lactobacillus salivarius, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus casei/paracasei, and Lactobacillus plantarum grew rapidly and reached an optical density higher than other species. They also produced more acid than the others. Lactobacillus vaginalis showed the lowest rate of growth and acid production. These findings demonstrated that the different species of Lactobacillus showed different abilities to generate acid, allowing the species to be categorized into three groups: strongly, moderately, and weakly acidogenic. Conclusion: There was variation in acid production and growth between the Lactobacillus species. The strongest acid producers were Lactobacillus salivarius, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Lactobacillus casei/paracasei, respectively. It seems possible that these species might play a more important role in caries development than the others.     

实时定量PCR法分析2型糖尿病患者肠道乳酸杆菌菌种数量的改变

目的:明确2型糖尿病患者与正常对照人群比较是否存在总乳酸杆菌及其具体菌种嗜酸乳杆菌、保加利亚乳杆菌、干酪乳杆菌、植物乳杆菌、鼠李糖乳杆菌数目的差异,以及探索乳酸杆菌与血糖、血脂等代谢指标是否相关.方法:选取2型糖尿病患者50人、正常对照者30人作为研究对象,两组性别、年龄、BMI相匹配.检测糖尿病患者空腹血糖、餐后2h血糖、血脂、C反应蛋白等指标,并收集糖尿病患者及对照者粪便提取细菌总DNA,通过实时荧光定量PCR方法测定目标细菌的拷贝数.结果:2型糖尿病组肠道乳酸杆菌(P<0.001)及嗜酸乳杆菌(P<0.001)、保加利亚乳杆菌(P<0.001)、干酪乳杆菌(P=0.008)、鼠李糖乳杆菌(P<0.001)显著高于对照组,且乳酸杆菌与低密度脂蛋白胆固醇显著负相关(P=0.04).结论:2型糖尿病患者肠道总乳酸杆菌及其某些具体菌种数量增多,乳酸杆菌数量的改变对血脂也存在影响.通过饮食调节肠道乳酸杆菌含量可能有助于改善糖尿病、高脂血症等代谢性疾病.     

Lactobacillus fermentum,a pathogen in documented cholecystitis

INTRODUCTIONLactobacillus species are probiotics proven to exhibit various preventative as well as therapeutic properties. While lactobacillus species have been implicated in the formation of dental caries, endocarditis and bacteremia, their role as pathogens in cholecystitis has not been reported. We present a rare case of Lactobacillus fermentum working as a pathogen in cholecystitis.PRESENTATION OF CASEAn 81-year old male was admitted with right upper quadrant abdominal pain. His signs, symptoms, laboratory values and imaging were consistent with a diagnosis of cholecystitis with ascending cholangitis. In view of his co-morbidity and severe sepsis, the patient was treated non-operatively with antibiotics and cholecystostomy. L. fermentum, which was vancomycin resistant, was identified from the cholecystostomy aspirate and from anaerobic blood culture. The patient went into septic shock, developed multi-organ dysfunction syndrome and eventually died.DISCUSSIONCommensal bacteria such as L. fermentum are known to modulate immunity, reduce the pathogenicity of gastrointestinal organisms and play a therapeutic role in various disease processes. We isolated L. fermentum as a pathogen in a documented case of cholecystitis with ascending cholangitis.CONCLUSIONWhile the routine use lactobacillus species as a probiotic is supported in the literature, understanding its potential role as a pathogen may allow more judicious use of these bacteria and encourage research to elucidate the pathogenicity of lactobacillus species.     

In vitro and in silico characterisation of Lactobacillus paraplantarum D2-1, a starter culture for soymilk fermentation

Soymilk contains several functional nutrients and is thus a promising ingredient for production of functional foods. The present research aimed to study starter properties, functional characteristics and safety of Lactobacillus paraplantarum D2-1, a promising starter culture for soymilk fermentation. Strain D2-1 actively fermented soymilk within 24?h but had weak activity of additional acid production after 7 d. Succinate and acetoin, which could be linked to flavour and taste, were accumulated in fermented soymilk. In vitro study revealed that the organism has several beneficial properties, including high survival ability in artificial gastric juice, high abilities of mucus adhesion and biofilm formation and production of γ-aminobutyric acid and conjugated linoleic acid, without any significant risks for consumption. Genome sequencing supported the desirable metabolic properties of the strain. These results indicate that L. paraplantarum D2-1 is a suitable starter for soymilk fermentation and is a promising probiotic candidate that can be used safely.     

妇肤康喷雾剂联合乳杆菌活菌胶囊治疗产后阴道炎的疗效观察

目的探讨妇肤康喷雾剂联合乳杆菌活菌胶囊治疗产后阴道炎的临床疗效。方法选取2015年1月—2017年1月郑州市第二人民医院收治的产后阴道炎患者78例,随机分为对照组和治疗组,每组各39例。对照组患者阴道深部放入阴道用乳杆菌活菌胶囊,1粒/次,1次/d。治疗组患者在对照组基础上外阴喷洒妇肤康喷雾剂,3~5揿/次,2次/d。两组均持续治疗10 d。评价两组患者临床疗效,同时比较治疗前后两组患者阴道症状、阴道p H值和复发情况。结果治疗后,对照组和治疗组的临床有效率分别为76.92%和94.87%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者p H值和阴道炎症评分较治疗前显著降低,阴道健康状况评分明显提高,同组治疗前后比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);且治疗后治疗组p H值和阴道炎症评分显著低于对照组,阴道健康状况评分高于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,治疗组总复发率为5.13%,显著低于对照组的12.82%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论妇肤康喷雾剂联合乳杆菌活菌胶囊治疗产后阴道炎可改善阴道局部微环境,降低复发率,具有一定的临床推广应用价值。     

乳酸杆菌活菌联合特比萘芬治疗念珠菌性阴道炎的疗效观察

目的观察乳酸杆菌活菌联合特比萘芬治疗念珠菌性阴道炎的临床疗效。方法选取2016年1月—2016年12月在中国人民解放军第四五七医院就诊的念珠菌性阴道炎患者106例,随机分为对照组和治疗组,每组各53例。对照组口服盐酸特比萘芬片,0.25 mg/次,1次/d;治疗组在对照组基础上阴道深部放入阴道用乳杆菌活菌胶囊,1粒/次,1次/晚。两组患者均治疗12周。观察两组患者临床疗效,比较治疗前后两组患者临床症状评分和临床症状体征改善时间。结果治疗后,对照组临床总有效率为79.25%,显著低于治疗组的92.45%。两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者外阴瘙痒和灼痛感评分均明显降低(P0.05);且治疗组上述临床症状评分比对照组更低(P0.05)。治疗组患者临床症状体征开始改善时间明显短于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论乳酸杆菌活菌联合特比萘芬治疗念珠菌性阴道炎疗效显著,可明显改善患者临床症状,不良反应较少,具有一定的临床推广应用价值。     

Surgical site abscess caused by Lactobacillus fermentum identified by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing

We report the first case of surgical site abscess caused by Lactobacillus fermentum from a 53-year-old woman with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus after transthoracic esophagectomy and neoadjuvant chemoirradiation. 16S rRNA gene sequencing is a useful tool to better characterize the epidemiology and clinical significance of L. fermentum.     

乳杆菌活菌胶囊临床应用667例合理用药分析

目的对妇科乳杆菌联合使用处方进行合理性分析,旨在使医师更安全、有效、合理、经济的使用药品。方法抽取医院门诊2012年6～8月使用乳杆菌活菌胶囊的处方共667例,进行归类分析。结果 667例处方中单用乳杆菌活菌胶囊211例,联合其他药物使用456例。不合理处方177例,占26.5%,其中联合用药不合理115例,无适应证用药62例。结论乳杆菌活菌胶囊与外用洗剂（阴道冲洗）及口服抗菌药物联合使用不合理,应加强临床药物的合理使用。