冰生理盐水口腔护理治疗急性脑梗塞后吞咽障碍的疗效观察

目的:观察使用冰生理盐水进行口腔护理治疗急性脑梗塞后吞咽障碍的临床疗效。方法:选择急性脑梗塞患者61例,随机分为观察组30例、对照组31例。对照组只进行常规药物治疗,观察组除上述治疗外,还采用冰生理盐水进行口腔护理。疗程1周,治疗前后采用洼田氏饮水试验进行评定。结果:经1周治疗,观察组总有效率93.33%;对照组73.33%。两组比较有显著差异(P0.05)。结论:用冰生理盐水进行口腔护理治疗急性脑梗塞后吞咽障碍,方法简单,对吞咽症状的改善有较好的促进作用。     

关节镜术后患者局部冰敷的临床效果

目的探讨关节镜术后患者局部冰敷与非冰敷的临床效果,以寻求更为有效的实施方法。方法行关节镜手术患者120例,按术后不冰敷（观察组）与冰敷1、6、24h随机分为4组,观察疼痛度、足趾氧饱和度、负压引流量、足背动脉搏动。结果在减轻疼痛方面,观察组和对照组术后1h对比差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,而术后6、24、48h差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;负压引流量比较,术后1h和48h对比差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,而6、24h对比差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;足趾氧饱和度和足背动脉搏动比较,两组差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论关节镜术后局部冰敷1h是恰当的,既能起到减轻疼痛、减少渗出和引流的作用,又不会因为冰敷影响患肢的末梢血液循环。     

The Effect of Cold Vapor and Ice Cube Absorption in the Early Postoperative Period on Sore Throat and Hoarseness Induced by Intubation

PurposeThis study aimed to determine the effect of cold vapor and ice cube absorption in the early postoperative period on sore throat and hoarseness induced by intubation.DesignThis is a randomized controlled experimental study.MethodsFour groups (n = 30) were involved in the study: cold vapor application (group 1), ice cube absorption (group 2), ice cube absorption along with cold vapor application (group 3), and a control group (group 4). The sample consisted of 120 participants. The data were collected using the visual analog scale (VAS) and Stout's hoarseness scale postextubation (zeroth hour) and at the second, sixth, and 24th hours.FindingsAfter the interventions, the mean VAS scores for sore throat at the sixth postoperative hour were found to be 1.50 ± 1.71, 1.16 ± 1.08, and 1.30 ± 1.62 in group 1, group 2, and group 3, respectively. The mean VAS score for sore throat of group 4 was found to be 3.70 ± 1.89. The decrease in the VAS score for the sixth postoperative hour was ranked from highest to lowest as follows: ice cube absorption group, ice cube absorption along with cold vapor application group, and cold vapor application group. There was no significant difference between application groups in terms of mean VAS scores; however, it was found that mean VAS scores of all application groups were lower than that of control group, and there was a significant difference between them (P < .05). We found that at the sixth postoperative hour after intervention, 33.3% of group 1, 36.7% of group 2, 30% of group 3, and 46.7% of group 4 had hoarseness. No significant difference was found between groups, in terms of hoarseness scores of patients in the sixth postoperative hour after intervention (P > .05).ConclusionsCold vapor application, ice cube absorption, and ice cube absorption along with cold vapor application were effective in reducing sore throat but were ineffective as treatment for hoarseness.     

黄原胶和瓜尔豆胶的复配稳定剂对冰淇淋品质和流变性的影响

研究了黄原胶和瓜尔豆胶的复配胶作为冰淇淋稳定剂对冰淇淋品质和流变性的影响,测定了冰淇淋浆料的粘度,应用小幅振荡测定经硬化后冰淇淋成品的动态粘弹性,以及硬化冰淇淋的硬度和粘结度.结果表明,随复配胶用量的增加,冰淇淋浆料的粘度也随之增加,另外,Power law模型的流动指数和粘度指数、冰淇淋成品储能模量、及硬度、粘结度均呈增加趋势.实验结果还表明,随复配胶用量的增加,冰淇淋的弹性模量和稳定性得以提高.通过测定冰淇淋的膨胀率和抗融性,得出冰淇淋中复配胶的最佳添加量质量分数为0.35%.     

穴位冰刺激在脑卒中吞咽障碍患者吸人性肺炎预防护理中的应用

目的 探讨穴位冰刺激在脑卒中吞咽障碍患者吸入性肺炎预防护理中的应用效果.方法 将68例脑卒中吞咽障碍患者随机分为观察组35例和对照组33例,两组均予常规药物治疗和康复训练.对照组接受常规康复护理,观察组在此基础上,接受穴位冰刺激治疗.比较两组干预前后吞咽功能和吸入性肺炎发生率.结果 干预4用后,两组吞咽功能评分比较,时间效应、交互效应、组间效应差异有统计学意义(均P＜0.01);两组吸入性肺炎发生率比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 穴位冰刺激技术结合常规康复护理能显著改善脑卒中吞咽障碍患者的吞咽功能,降低吸入性肺炎发生率.     

Block periodization of strength and endurance training is superior to traditional periodization in ice hockey players

Team sports like ice hockey require high levels of performance in numerous physical characteristics such as strength, power, and endurance. As such, training is associated with a potential interference effect. The present study randomized well‐trained ice hockey players into a block periodization group (BP; n = 8), focusing on the development of either strength and power or endurance on a weekly, undulating basis, and a traditional group (TRAD; n = 8), performing a mixed training model, with simultaneous focus of strength, power, and endurance training every week. During the 6‐week intervention, the two groups performed equal volumes and intensities of both strength, power, and endurance training. BP led to larger improvements than TRAD in knee extension peak torque at 180° s^?1 (6.6 ± 8.7 vs ?4.2% ± 6.3%, respectively; P < 0.05) and maximal oxygen uptake (5.1 ± 3.3 vs 1.1% ± 3.5%, respectively; P < 0.05). There was also a trend toward larger improvements in BP than TRAD in peak torque in knee extension at 60° s^?1 (2.1 ± 2.5 vs ?0.1% ± 2.5%, respectively; P < 0.1, effect size = 0.83) and mean power output during a 30‐s cycling sprint (4.1 ± 2.5 vs ?0.3% ± 5.9%, respectively; P < 0.1, effect size = 0.89). Overall, BP exhibited a moderate to large effect size for all these variables compared to TRAD. The present study suggests that block periodization of strength and endurance training induces superior adaptations in both strength and endurance capacities in well‐trained ice hockey players compared to traditional mixed organization, despite similar training volume and intensity.     

Interannual variation of water isotopologues at Vostok indicates a contribution from stratospheric water vapor

Combined measurements of water isotopologues of a snow pit at Vostok over the past 60 y reveal a unique signature that cannot be explained only by climatic features as usually done. Comparisons of the data using a general circulation model and a simpler isotopic distillation model reveal a stratospheric signature in the ¹⁷O-excess record at Vostok. Our data and theoretical considerations indicate that mass-independent fractionation imprints the isotopic signature of stratospheric water vapor, which may allow for a distinction between stratospheric and tropospheric influences at remote East Antarctic sites.     

Primary and Secondary Stabbing Headache

Eight out of the 33 cases of primary stabbing headache seen in a general neurology clinic (40% have headache as their chief complaint) in the last 3.5 years are presented. The epidemiology, association with other primary headache disorders, secondary associations, testing, and treatment of primary stabbing headache are reviewed.     

The effect of cooling on coagulation and haemostasis: Should “Ice” be part of treatment of acute haemarthrosis in haemophilia?

Repeated haemarthroses and the consequences of blood in the joint contribute to blood induced joint disease (BIJD) in people with haemophilia (PWH). Prevention of bleeding, through medical management, is the standard of care in developed countries, but is not universally available due to financial and other barriers. Ice application, as part of R.I.C.E. (Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation) or alone, is commonly recommended as an adjunct treatment to decrease bleeding, pain, tissue metabolism, oedema, and inflammation. This article will review evidence regarding local cooling by commonly used ice application methods, to decrease the temperature of the skin and intra‐articular (IA) joint space and the resultant effects on haemostasis and coagulation. The general literature was reviewed for articles in English describing temperatures achievable in the skin and IA space using clinically relevant ice protocols, and the effect of cooling on haemostasis and coagulation. The literature demonstrates that typical methods of ice application can cool both the skin and IA space. Published, general literature studies have also consistently demonstrated that experimental cooling of blood and/or tissue, both in vitro and in vivo in humans and in animal models, can significantly impair coagulation and prolong bleeding. In PWH with acute haemarthrosis, ice application has potential to increase haemorrhage morbidity by further impairing coagulation and haemostasis. Ice has not been shown to improve overall outcome, stop bleeding nor swelling from haemarthrosis. Although ice can help manage acute, haemarthrosis‐related pain, there are other available interventions that will not impair coagulation and haemostasis.