Social participation and life-style: A longitudinal and cohort study

This study focuses on changes occurring in one area of life-style, social participation during retirement. The population consisted of four cohorts, born in 1905–06, 1909–10, 1917–18, and 1921–22. In the longitudinal study the members of the oldest cohort were interviewed five times at the ages of 66, 70, 74, 78 and 82 years. In the cohort study the subjects were interviewed at the age of 66. Interests decreased after the age of 78 among men and women. Also, formal social participation declined with age among men and women. There were no cohort differences among men, but among women formal social participation was higher in the younger cohorts than in the older ones. In the longitudinal study education correlated positively with the interests index at almost all ages among both men and women. In the cohort study correlations between interests index and education were lower in the younger cohorts than in the older ones.Paper originally presented at the XIVth International Congress of Gerontology, Acapulo, Mexico 18–23 June 1989.     

A longitudinal study of age-associated memory impairment

An 8-year longitudinal study of elderly people has provided data concerning age-associated impairment (AAMI). In 1985 a random sample of 146 persons aged 65 years or more, living in their own homes, were assessed using the Guild Memory Test the Mini–Mental State Examination (MMSE) and other ratings. After excluding 21% of the sample because they scored less than 24 on the MMSE, and another 34% who fulfilled other exclusion criteria, some 48% of the remainder (22% of the total sample) clearly fulfilled NIMH criteria for AAMI and a further 36% (16% of the total sample) were recorded as forgetful. The NIMH criteria are appropriate for certain research purposes but not in assessing prevalence of memory disorders. Follow–up interviews were conducted after 2, 4, 6 and 8 years. The mortality rate and development of dementia among those fulfilling criteria for AAMI appeared similar to the other non-demented groups of subjects; the mortality rate of those with MMSE scores below 24 was significantly higher. Guild test results at 2-yearly intervals showed considerable changes; half of those scoring least well who were retested showed improvement.     

Global attraction and stability for Cohen–Grossberg neural networks with delays

We consider a class of Cohen–Grossberg neural networks with delays. We prove the existence and global asymptotic stability of an equilibrium point and estimate the region of existence. Furthermore, we show that the trajectories of the neural networks with positive initial data will stay in the positive region if the amplification function satisfies a divergent condition. We also establish the existence of a globally attracting compact set for more general networks. We estimate this compact set explicitly in terms of the network parameters from physiological and biological models. Our results can be applied to neural networks with a wide range of activation functions which are neither bounded nor globally Lipschitz continuous such as the Lotka–Volterra model. We also give some examples and simulations.     

流式细胞光度术在鼻咽癌上皮样细胞株细胞周期动力学研究中的应用

本实验应用流式细胞光度术研究鼻咽癌上皮样细胞株（ＣＮＥ）的细胞周期动力学。结果发现ＣＮＥ细胞仍保持原代细胞的ＤＮＡ含量水平（超三倍体和亚四倍体），随着细胞接种时间的延长细胞周期中Ｇ０／Ｇ１时相细胞的百分数逐渐升高，而Ｓ％和Ｇ２＋Ｍ％则逐渐降低。该项研究还发现随着孵育时间的延长，细胞周期中各时相细胞的运动均逐渐延缓，其中以Ｇ０／Ｇ１和Ｇ２＋Ｍ时相细胞的运动减慢较为明显。     

伴交感神经症状颈椎病临床评价初步探讨

目的报告伴交感神经症状颈椎病的临床评价方法及其初步结果。方法回顾性分析2002~2007年本治疗组伴交感神经症状的颈椎病患者47例,其中男19例,女28例,男女比例为1∶1.5;年龄为34~72岁,平均50.5岁。入选条件:①明确诊断为脊髓型或神经根型\脊髓神经根混合型颈椎病。②均有交感神经症状。③患者均行颈前路减压植骨融合内固定手术,术中均切除后纵韧带。其中8例术前影像学显示有椎节不稳,其余患者未见明显钩椎关节骨质增生及颈椎不稳。交感神经症状包括:眩晕,头痛,恶心呕吐,耳鸣,视物模糊,心慌,记忆力下降,心动过速或心动过缓或早搏等心电图异常,胃肠道症状,面部潮红,出汗等。交感神经症状评价采用20分评分法及患者主观满意度评定。患者主观满意度分为优、良、可、差4个等级。结果所有患者术后均获10~48个月随访,术前交感症状评分6.0分;术后2.8分;患者主观满意度19例为优,16例为良,8例为可,4例为差,有效率为87.5%。结论切除后纵韧带的颈前路减压植骨内固定术对交感神经症状具有一定治疗作用。     

Neocortical gray matter volume in first-episode schizophrenia and first-episode affective psychosis: a cross-sectional and longitudinal MRI study.

BACKGROUND: Overall neocortical gray matter (NCGM) volume has not been studied in first-episode schizophrenia (FESZ) at first hospitalization or longitudinally to evaluate progression, nor has it been compared with first-episode affective psychosis (FEAFF). METHODS: Expectation-maximization/atlas-based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) tissue segmentation into gray matter, white matter (WM), or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) at first hospitalization of 29 FESZ and 34 FEAFF, plus 36 matched healthy control subjects (HC), and, longitudinally approximately 1.5 years later, of 17 FESZ, 21 FEAFF, and 26 HC was done. Manual editing separated NCGM and its lobar parcellation, cerebral WM (CWM), lateral ventricles (LV), and sulcal CSF (SCSF). RESULTS: At first hospitalization, FESZ and FEAFF showed smaller NCGM volumes and larger SCSF and LV than HC. Longitudinally, FESZ showed NCGM volume reduction (-1.7%), localized to frontal (-2.4%) and temporal (-2.6%) regions, and enlargement of SCSF (7.2%) and LV (10.4%). Poorer outcome was associated with these LV and NCGM changes. FEAFF showed longitudinal NCGM volume increases (3.6%) associated with lithium or valproate administration but without clinical correlations and regional localization. CONCLUSIONS: Longitudinal NCGM volume reduction and CSF component enlargement in FESZ are compatible with post-onset progression. Longitudinal NCGM volume increase in FEAFF may reflect neurotrophic effects of mood stabilizers.     

桑椹果酒酵母筛选及发酵性能

从桑椹成熟果实、桑叶以及桑果园的土壤采样，进行桑椹果酒专用酵母的筛选，得到一株在性能上优于对照菌葡萄酒干酵母的酵母菌Y11。该菌起酵快，从第2天开始糖度大幅度下降，酒精度快速上升，发酵第4天酒精体积分数即可达到10％以上。发酵过程pH值变化趋势比较平缓，发酵结束后高级醇量符合要求。综合发酵性能及感官评定，表明该菌能代替葡萄酒干酵母用于桑椹果酒的生产。     

颈椎后纵韧带骨化症前路手术的多因素分析

[目的]探讨影响颈椎后纵韧带骨化症前路手术疗效的相关因素。[方法]48例颈椎后纵韧带骨化症患者，行前路手术治疗，随访1～4年，平均2．1年。根据术后神经功能JOA评分改善率，将患者分为预后良好、预后不佳2组。采用多元Logistic回归分析患者年龄、性别、神经功能、症状持续时间、合并糖尿病、Pavlov值、椎管狭窄率、骨化物分型、CT双影征、脊髓高信号、手术范围以及骨化物处理对患者手术疗效的影响。[结果]骨化物的处理方式是影响患者疗效的唯一因素（P=0．0067）。[结论]前路手术彻底切除骨化之后纵韧带，对脊髓充分减压是前路手术治疗颈椎后纵韧带骨化症的关键。     

Three-dimensional magnetic resonance myocardial motion tracking from a single image plane.

Three-dimensional imaging for the quantification of myocardial motion is a key step in the evaluation of cardiac disease. A tagged magnetic resonance imaging method that automatically tracks myocardial displacement in three dimensions is presented. Unlike other techniques, this method tracks both in-plane and through-plane motion from a single image plane without affecting the duration of image acquisition. A small z-encoding gradient is subsequently added to the refocusing lobe of the slice-selection gradient pulse in a slice following CSPAMM acquisition. An opposite polarity z-encoding gradient is added to the orthogonal tag direction. The additional z-gradients encode the instantaneous through plane position of the slice. The vertical and horizontal tags are used to resolve in-plane motion, while the added z-gradients is used to resolve through-plane motion. Postprocessing automatically decodes the acquired data and tracks the three-dimensional displacement of every material point within the image plane for each cine frame. Experiments include both a phantom and in vivo human validation. These studies demonstrate that the simultaneous extraction of both in-plane and through-plane displacements and pathlines from tagged images is achievable. This capability should open up new avenues for the automatic quantification of cardiac motion and strain for scientific and clinical purposes.     

Effect of Temperature on the Longitudinal Variability of Quantitative Ultrasound Variables

It is unclear whether longitudinal change in phantom measurements bears any relation to the long-term in vivo instrument performance of quantitative ultrasound devices. Longitudinal quantitative ultrasound phantom data were obtained by measuring the manufacturer-provided phantom at ambient temperature and two different sets of Leeds phantoms at either ambient temperature or following a phantom temperature-control protocol. Measurements were performed using the Achilles Plus bone densitometer. Changes in longitudinal phantom data were compared to in vivo quantitative ultrasound data obtained from seven healthy, young volunteers. A cosinor model with linear trend and Hotelling's T2-test were used to quantify seasonal rhythms and long-term drift in quantitative ultrasound variables. Temperature effects and marked seasonal rhythms on quantitative ultrasound phantom measurements were evident but were far less apparent in vivo. Longitudinal precision of quantitative ultrasound variables was poorer for the manufacturer-provided phantom than for phantoms that were subjected to a temperature-control protocol or for healthy volunteers. This study has shown that longitudinal precision and longitudinal change differs between in vivo and phantom data. Longitudinal quantitative ultrasound measurements for monitoring change in skeletal status cannot, as yet, be properly controlled.