Increased vasopressin immunoreactivity in the rat brain after a postmortem interval of 6 hours

Enhanced immunocytochemical staining of vasopressin-containing neurons was observed after incubation of rat brain slices in Ringer medium for 6 h at room temperature, as compared to brain tissue fixed immediately after death. Hypothalamic vasopressin neurons in the supraoptic nucleus, the paraventricular nucleus and the suprachiasmatic nucleus stained more intensely after a postmortem interval of 6 h. Extrahypothalamic vasopressin neurons (VP) in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, the medial amygdala and the locus coeruleus proved to be stained as well. Extrahypothalamic VP neurons in the locus coeruleus could, until now, only be visualized after in vivo pretreatment with colchicine. In addition, staining was observed at two new sites, the dorsal raphe nucleus and the lateral septum. Staining of VP was corroborated by application of different antibodies directed against the intact vassopressin molecules as well as by antibodies directed against the other parts of the vasopressin precursor molecule, i.e. neurophysin andglycopeptide. The specificity of the VP-staining was validated by using pre-immune serum and using Brattleboro rat brain tissue, resulting in a negative staining in both cases. Furthermore, homogenated punches of the suprachiasmatic nucleus were submitted to iso-electric focusssing on polyacrylamide gel, followed by press blotting and subsequent immunocytochemical staining for vasopressin. Iso-electric focussing enabled us to characterized and quantify peptides in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. The vasopressin content increased 6 h postmortem, while c-terminal glycopeptide and neurophysin levels remained stable. Similar results were observed in the suprachiasmatic nucleus from decapitated rats whose brains were left intact in the skull for 6 h at room temperature.     

内皮素拮抗剂凝胶的研制

目的：研制一种植物来源的去斑成分－内皮素拮抗剂凝胶制剂治疗黄褐斑。方法：根据原料性质进行了凝胶组分筛选和质量控制。结果：临床观察初步证实该制剂治疗黄褐斑有关。     

Effects of dentin phosphophoryn on precipitation of calcium phosphate in gelin vitro

Summary In vitro precipitation of calcium phosphate was carried out using a one-dimensional double diffusion system in agar gel. Bovine dentin phosphophoryn enhanced the sharpness of the precipitation bands, although it reduced the total amount of the precipitates. Dephosphorylated phosphophoryn has no effect on the pattern of precipitates. Therefore, phosphophoryn is thought to raise the local density of nucleation in spite of its inhibitory activity on apatite formation.     

Immunoreactive vasopressin in end stage renal failure

Patients with end stage renal failure have been shown to have higher basal concentrations of plasma arginine vasopressin than subjects with normal renal function.

Immunoreactive vasopressin was detected in plasma from patients with severe chronic renal failure and a healthy subject at an elution volume identical to that previously determined with synthetic vasopressin. Assay of all fractions yielded identical chromatograms in the renal failure and healthy control groups.

We conclude that the plasma immunoreactive vasopressin in end stage renal failure plasma coelutes with synthetic vasopressin and that the elevated concentrations found in these patients are not due to non-specific depression of binding in the vasopressin radioimmunoassay by circulating substances in renal failure.     

过氧苯甲酰凝胶与霜剂的稳定性实验观察

用恒温加速试验考察了过氧苯甲酰凝胶与霜剂的化学稳定性。测得两种制剂中过氧苯甲酰分解反应的速度常数,表明凝胶比霜剂稳定。同时进行了低温考察,37℃放置1～3个月,分期取样检验,也证实了凝胶剂的稳定性。结果提示,凝胶剂适于药厂商品化生产。     

凝胶材料制备方法及其反应动力学的研究进展

部分水凝胶材料具有良好的生物相容性、低细胞毒性和生物可降解性,广泛应用于组织工程和生物医药等领域,其中采用天然高分子明胶、壳聚糖和海藻酸钠制备复合凝胶材料,负载骨髓间充质干细胞用于修复和治疗骨缺损成为近年来的研究热点之一。因为水凝胶材料抗张强度低和化学稳定性差,所以研究凝胶反应机理和凝胶反应动力学对提高水凝胶的性能具有重要意义。本文总结了明胶、壳聚糖和海藻酸钠凝胶材料的制备方法和凝胶反应机理,比较了不同凝胶反应动力学研究方法,介绍凝胶复合材料在骨修复中的应用,为天然高分子凝胶材料的分子设计和临床应用提供思路。     

凝胶抗球蛋白试验的特点及实验分析

目的　分析评价凝胶抗球蛋白试验 (GAT)的特点 ,增加输血安全性。方法　以不同稀释度的商品化抗D(IgG)为基础制备不完全抗体和致敏红细胞为模拟标本 ,通过一系列实验 (并结合文献 )分析GAT(DiaMed产品 )的特点。结果　红细胞洗涤与否不影响GAT检测的结果 ;外加AB型血浆至 4 0 μl后 ,才使GAT(1∶6 4抗D血清 2 5 μl与 0 .8%O型混合红细胞悬液 5 0 μl反应 )产生的强阳性略有减弱 ;与专用稀释液ID diluent2比较 ,用生理盐水替代稀释液导致结果阳性程度降低 ,而换用某厂家的LIM稀释液则出现不同程度的红细胞溶血现象 ;GAT可测的抗D(IgG)最高效价为 1∶2 5 6 ,反应灵敏度明显高于试管法 ,而近似于聚凝胺法。结论　GAT反应过程中无洗涤步骤 ,使用专用稀释液 ,检测灵敏度较高。GAT检测中使用配套试剂材料和严格按照说明书操作非常重要。     

An investigation into the structure and properties of Carbopol 934 gels using dielectric spectroscopy and oscillatory rheometry

Carbopols are polyacrylic acid polymers which may be used as bioadhesive vehicles for drug delivery. In order to have a greater understanding of the factors affecting drug release from these gels, it is necessary to develop methods of studying their physical properties. In this investigation, Carbopol 934 gels have been studied using dielectric spectroscopy and oscillatory rheometry. The effect of a number of variables on the dielectric and rheological behaviour have been studied; these include the presence of a gelling agent (triethanolamine), changing the concentration of polymer, the addition of propylene glycol and the addition of a model drug (chlorhexidine gluconate). The results are interpreted in terms of the structure of the gel network and suggest that the use of these two techniques in conjunction provides an effective means of assessing the properties of gel systems. In particular, the presence of both propylene glycol and chlorhexidine gluconate were shown to have a marked effect on the gel structure, although the results indicated that the mechanisms involved were different.     

蒲金凝胶剂的制备及其质量标准的研究

目的:建立蒲金凝胶剂的制备工艺及其质量标准。方法:以卡波姆为辅料制备蒲金凝胶剂;采用薄层色谱法(TLC)和显色反应对蒲金凝胶剂进行定性鉴别;用HPLC对绿原酸进行含量测定。结果:薄层色谱和显色反应鉴别可检出样品中相应的薄层斑点和颜色特征。绿原酸在0.2～1.2μg样品含量与峰面积具有良好的线性关系,r=0.999 6(n=5),平均回收率在99.6%,RSD 1.38%(n=6)。结论:本制剂制备工艺简单,质量稳定,质控方法可行。     

Toxicological and immunomodulatory assessments of botryosphaeran (β-glucan) produced by Botryosphaeria rhodina RCYU 30101

Toxicological and immunomodulatory activities of botryosphaeran (BR), a newly emerged β-glucan that comprises a β-(1→3) backbone and β-(1→6) branched glucose residues were assessed. BR was 1.82 × 10⁶ Da (M.W.) estimated by reversely-linear equation constructed by regression of logarithms of standard polysaccharides and their retention times of gel permeation chromatography. Sprague-Dawley rats were daily gavage-administered with BR at doses of 0, 1.25, 12.5, and 125 mg/kg body weight (BW) for 28 d. Serum hematological and biochemical analysis of all treatment were all within normal ranges. Mitogen-stimulated lymphoblastogenesis of spleno-lymphocytes was enhanced by BR at doses of 1.25 and 12.5 mg/kg BW. Through in vitro comparative assessments, RAW 264.7 macrophage (RAW) cells were treated with BR and two commercial β-glucans, zymosan (ZY) and barley β-glucan (GB), to characterize their relative immunomodulatory properties. All three β-glucans stimulated phagocytosis on fluorescence-labeled Escherichia coli. At dose levels from 5 to 200 μg/mL for 24 h, nitric oxide produced by BR- and ZY-treated cells were higher than those produced by GB-treated and control groups. BR, ZY but GB also stimulated RAW cells in producing TNF-α. The results demonstrate that BR is toxicologically accepted and features as a potent immunomodulator.