Über Antimykotische Wirkung von Monoäthanolamin bei lokaler Applikation an Meerschweinchen: Antimycotic Effect of Monoethanolamine Applied on Skin of Guinea pigs

Zusammenfassung: Das in Form lipophiler Salbe und hydrophilem Gel angewandte Monoäthanolamin weist antimykotische Eigenschaften auf. Die Bewertung der Heilprogression wurde durch mykologische Untersuchung des an den infizierten Stellen entnommenen Materials durchgeführt, als auch durch ein klinisches Punkt-Bewertungsverfahren und histopathologische Prüfung. Die ermittelten Ergebnisse der Behandlung mit Monoäthanolamin wurden mit denjenigen verglichen, die man in der parallel geführten Behandlung mit Canesten Creme Polfa (Lizenpräparat der Fa. Bayer) erzielte. Die Unterschiede zwischen den untersuchten Präparaten waren mit P < 0,05 signifikant.
Summary: Monoethanolamine used in a lipophilic ointment or in a hydrophilic gel has shown antimycotic effect. Mycological, histopathological and clinical investigations were performed to study this effect. The antimycotic effect of monoethanolamine was compared with the effect of the cream Canesten "Polfa" (production licensed by Bayer Comp.) After 14 days of clearing with monoethanolamine the P value was < 0,05 in comparison to Canesten.     

The influence of substitution type on the performance of methylcellulose and hydroxypropylmethycellulose in gels and matrices

The characteristics of matrices containing hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) grades E4M, F4M or K4M, or methylcellulose A4M have been compared using thermomechanical analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), laser analysis, cloud points and via the dissolution of a model drug, propranolol hydrochloride, from matrices containing the cellulose ethers and prepared by direct compression. Dissolution rates of propranolol varied according to the drug/cellulose ether ratio within the matrix. Propranolol release from methylcellulose matrices was least affected by this ratio but the performance differences of the three grades of HPMC could not be distinguished. In the absence of drug, matrices containing methylcellulose disintegrated at 37 and 44°C. Water uptakes, as measured by DSC and gel layer thicknesses, were similar for each grade of cellulose ether. Matrices containing HPMC K4M tended to swell to the greatest extent. For all grades, swelling was greater in the axial rather than radial direction. Cloud points provided the best prediction of matrix performance.     

聚丙烯改性研究

采用马来酸酐、二甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯、三羟甲基丙烷三基丙烯酸酯对聚丙烯进行改性。以自由基反应机理为基础，讨论了引发剂用量、反应时间、改性试剂的种类、用量等因素对改性ＰＰ凝胶含量及性能的影响，提出了力学性能的优选条件。得到了力学性能优良的改性ＰＰ，为其进一步功能化提供了理论参考。     

Il ruolo dell’igienista dentale nel trattamento laser dell’ipersensibilità dentinale

Objectives

The aim of the study is to assess and compare the desensitizing effects of Er:Yag laser and CO₂ laser with fluoride gel in the treatment of dentine hypersensitivity.

Materials and methods

The 15 patients selected are affected by hypersensitivity in the upper premolar; they have been treated randomly with Er:Yag laser, CO₂ laser, fluoride gel, and placebo. The pain was evaluated before the treatment by using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and by air emission from a standard air-water syringe.

Results

There were statistically significant differences between the group treated with lasers and fluoride gel versus the group treated with placebo. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups treated with Er:Yag and CO₂ laser and the groups treated with fluoride gel and placebo.

Conclusions

Er:Yag and CO₂ lasers together with fluoride gel are useful in the treatment of dentine hypersensitivity.     

Enhancement of the predicted drug hepatotoxicity in gel entrapped hepatocytes within polysulfone-g-poly (ethylene glycol) modified hollow fiber

Collagen gel-based 3D cultures of hepatocytes have been proposed for evaluation of drug hepatotoxicity because of their more reliability than traditional monolayer culture. The collagen gel entrapment of hepatocytes in hollow fibers has been proven to well reflect the drug hepatotoxicity in vivo but was limited by adsorption of hydrophobic drugs onto hollow fibers. This study aimed to investigate the impact of hollow fibers on hepatocyte performance and drug hepatotoxicity. Polysulfone-g-poly (ethylene glycol) (PSf-g-PEG) hollow fiber was fabricated and applied for the first time to suppress the drug adsorption. Then, the impact of hollow fibers was evaluated by detecting the hepatotoxicity of eight selected drugs to gel entrapped hepatocytes within PSf and PSf-g-PEG hollow fibers, or without hollow fibers. The hepatocytes in PSf-g-PEG hollow fiber showed the highest sensitivity to drug hepatotoxicity, while those in PSf hollow fiber and cylindrical gel without hollow fiber underestimated the hepatotoxicity due to either drug adsorption or low hepatic functions. Therefore, the 3D culture of gel entrapped hepatocytes within PSf-g-PEG hollow fiber would be a promising tool for investigation of drug hepatotoxicity in vitro.     

Optimization of ibuprofen gel formulations using experimental design technique for enhanced transdermal penetration

The aims of this study were to develop a transdermal gel formulation for ibuprofen using experimental design techniques and to evaluate its pharmacokinetic properties. The three factors chosen for factorial design were the concentrations of drug, polyoxyethylene(5)cetyl/oleyl ether and ethanol and the levels of each factor were low, medium and high. Skin permeation rates and lag times of ibuprofen were evaluated using the Franz-type diffusion cell in order to optimize the gel formulation. The permeation rate of ibuprofen significantly increased in proportion to the drug concentration, but significantly decreased in proportion to POE(5)cetyl/oleyl ether concentration. Ethanol concentration was inversely proportional to the lag time. The pharmacokinetic properties of the optimized formulation were compared with those of two marketed products in rats. The relative bioavailability of ibuprofen gel compared to the two marketed products was 228.8% and 181.0%. In conclusion, a transdermal ibuprofen gel was formulated successfully using the technique of experimental design and these results helped in finding the optimum formulation for transdermal drug release.     

银尔洁抗菌液和银尔舒抗菌凝胶联合应用对会阴侧切术伤口愈合的影响

目的探讨活性银离子银尔洁抗菌液和银尔舒抗菌凝胶联合应用对会阴侧切术后伤口愈合的影响。方法将120例行会阴侧切术产妇随机分为对照组和治疗组各60例。对照组给予传统的高锰酸钾溶液冲洗阴道;治疗组给予银尔洁抗菌液会阴冲洗后再使用银尔舒抗菌凝胶阴道给药。观察两组产妇会阴侧切切口感染、疼痛和水肿程度、术后愈合时间、切口愈合率、阴道清洁度、pH及不良反应情况。结果治疗组在切口感染率、切口疼痛和水肿程度、术后切口愈合时间、切口愈合率、阴道清洁度及pH方面均优于对照组（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）。结论活性银离子银尔洁抗菌液和银尔舒抗菌凝胶联合应用可明显提高会阴侧切术后切口愈合率,减轻术后疼痛和水肿程度,缩短切口愈合时间,降低术后切口感染且不改变阴道pH及正常菌群,值得临床推广运用。     

Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T polymorphism and risk of adenocarcinoma of the upper gastrointestinal tract

Pancreatic extract (PE) reduced the uptake of rat intrinsic factor (IF)-bound ⁵⁷CoB₁₂ by perfused rat intestinal segments (p<0.02) as well as by isolated rat intestinal brush borders (p<0.01). The inhibition was concentration-dependent. Preincubation of the brush borders with PE reduced the subsequent uptake of ⁵⁷CoB₁₂-IF (p<0.05). The molecular weight of the ⁵⁷CoB₁₂-IF complex, as well as the uptake of the complex by isolated intestinal brush borders, was unchanged after prolonged preincubation with PE. PE also inhibited the uptake of glucose by perfused intestinal segments (p<0.01), but the morphology and disaccharidase activity (p>0.5) of the intestinal epithelium was unaltered. The results indicate that the inhibition may be due to interaction between the intestinal epithelium and PE.     

Calcium pectate gel beads for cell entrapment. 6. Morphology of stabilized and hardened calcium pectate gel beads with cells for immobilized biotechnology

The structure of standard and stabilized calcium pectate gel (CPG) beads has been examined by scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy. A two-stage crosslinking procedure with polyethyleneimine (PEI) and glutaraldehyde (GA) led to the formation of a more compact layer on the bead surface. On the other hand, the stabilization procedure did not significantly change either gel bead interior or morphologic properties, vitality and biotransformation activity of immobilized bacterial cells (Nocardia tartaricans) against cis-epoxysuccinate as well as yeast cells (Trigonopsis variabilis) against cephalosporin C. The structure of these cells within the calcium pectate matrix remained unchanged. Moreover, the two-step chemical stabilization of CPG containing T. variabilis or N. tartaricans had a favourable effect on storage and operational stability at semi-continuous and continuous processing in stirred batch and packed-bed reactors. The most valuable effect of stabilization was the fact that the hardened CPG comprising the cells N. tartaricans resisted, for a long time (360 days and more), the destructive effects of the product (such strong sequestering reagent as L-(+)-tartaric acid) at high concentrations (up to 1M). Non-hardened CPG was destroyed after 21 h. The reference materials, hardened and non-hardened calcium alginate gels (CAG), were destroyed over 3h or 30 min, respectively.     

Inhibition of influenza hemagglutinin with the antiviral inhibitor arbidol using a proteomics based approach and mass spectrometry

A proteomics gel electrophoresis based approach has been applied to study the effect of arbidol on the proliferation of influenza virus in vitro through quantitation of hemagglutinin levels. An arbidol concentration of 20 μg/ml was required to achieve a 50% reduction in virus proliferation and hemagglutinin levels. The use of a MALDI mass spectrometry approach to study the binding of arbidol to influenza hemagglutinin revealed it bound solely to residues 104–120 of the HA2 subunit, a region known to contain an arbidol resistance mutation. Parallel molecular docking results revealed that this binding site was favoured in which the arbidol molecule binds in two possible orientations approximately 180° to one another at HA2 residues 118–123. The combined studies support the recognized potential of arbidol as an effective and targeted antiviral agent against the influenza virus.