Inhibition of the growth of urinary calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate crystals with aqueous extracts of Tribulus terrestris and Bergenia ligulata

Urinary type calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate (CHPD) or Brushite crystals were grown by the single diffusion gel technique in silica hydro-gels. The gel framework acts as a three dimensional crucible in which the crystal nuclei are delicately held in the position of their formation and nutrients are supplied for their growth. This technique can be utilized as a simplified screening model to study the growth and dissolution of urinary stones in vitro. The action of the putatively litholytic medicinal plants Tribulus terrestris and Bergenia ligulata on the growth of CHPD crystals was studied . The effects of artificial reference urine (ARU) and human urine (HU), along with the plant extracts, are also reported. Attempts were made to understand the role of these inhibitors on urinary crystal formation. HU, ARU, extracts of B. ligulata and T. terrestris exhibit appreciable amounts of inhibition, but B.ligulata and T.terrestris with ARU and HU do not show inhibition at all.     

Salmonella agona outbreak from contaminated aniseed, Germany

A nationwide outbreak of Salmonella Agona caused by aniseed-containing herbal tea occurred from October 2002 through July 2003 among infants in Germany. Consumers should adhere strictly to brewing instructions, although in exceptional cases this precaution may not be protective, particularly when preparing tea for vulnerable age groups.     

Changes in distribution of mercury and selenium in soluble fractions of rabbit tissues after simultaneous administration

The existing states of mercury and selenium in the blood and in soluble fractions of perfused rabbit liver and kidney were studied by gel filtration on Sephadex G-200 1 hr or 24 hr after intravenous injection of mercuric chloride and/or sodium selenite. Both mercury and selenium in the plasma and stroma-free hemolysate were found to exist in the high-molecular weight fraction following simultaneous injection of mercuric chloride and sodium selenite. Patterns in gel filtration of the plasma and the stroma-free hemolysate did not show any significant change between 1 hr and 24 hr after the administration. A similar tendency as described above was obtained with the liver-soluble fraction at 24 hr after injection of mercuric chloride and sodium selenite. A possible role of the high-molecular weight complex, which is quickly formed by the interaction of mercury and selenium in blood stream, in decreasing the acute renal toxicity of inorganic mercury is discussed.     

Intranasal bioavailability of insulin from carbopol-based gel spray in rabbits

The purpose of this study was to investigate the nasal absorption of insulin from a carbopol-based nasal gel spray in rabbits. An insulin nasal gel was prepared by dispersing carbopol in distilled water, followed by the addition of insulin solution, then neutralization and viscosity adjustment. The nasal absorption of insulin from the gel, in conscious rabbits, was evaluated in comparison with absorption from an insulin solution. The absolute bioavailability of insulin from the nasal gel was studied using blood glucose level in comparison to intravenous injection. The insulin gel formulation produced a significant hypoglycemic response in rabbits, whereas no response was seen following administration of the insulin solution formulation. The bioavailability of insulin from the nasal gel formulation was 20.6% compared with the intravenous injection. The results of the present study suggest that the carbopol gel promotes the nasal absorption of insulin in rabbit model and due to its sprayability with commercially available spray pumps, could be considered as a preferred platform in nasal drug administration.     

In vitro release studies of chlorpheniramine maleate from gels prepared by different cellulose derivatives

The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro and ex vivo percutaneous absorption of chlorpheniramine maleate (CPM) from different hydrogel formulations. Various concentrations of polymers, including hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC), sodium carboxymethylcellulose (NaCMC) and methyl cellulose (MC) were used in the hydrogel formulations. All experiments were conducted using cellulose dialysis membrane. The passive permeation of CPM was affected by the polymer concentrations. The effect of each polymer on the release rate of CPM was found to be statistically different (P<0.05). The formulation which exhibited maximum drug release through cellulose membrane was then used with other membranes namely polyurethane membrane, rat skin and human skin. The release rate of CPM from different membranes was found to be statistically different (P<0.05). Within the different diffusional barriers rat skin was found to be best alternative to human skin. It seems suitable the use of cellulose derivatives for topical application of CPM to obtain high therapeutic concentration at the application site. The synthetic membranes can be used to assess product performance in quality assurance but give little indication of its performance ex vivo.     

黄豆中有机氯和拟除虫菊酯类农药多组分残留的气相色谱法测定研究

目的：以加速溶剂萃取技术和凝胶渗透色谱法处理样品,建立气相色谱法测定黄豆中有机氯和拟除虫菊酯类农药多组分残留的方法。方法：样品经加速溶剂萃取,凝胶渗透色谱净化,浓缩后由气相色谱法测定,进行准确度、精密度及线性试验。结果：α-HCH、β-HCH、γ-HCH、δ-HCH、ρ,ρ′-DDE、O,ρ′-DDT、ρ,ρ′-DDD、ρ,ρ′-DDT、氟氯氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯、溴氰菊酯的检测限范围为0.357-7.468μg/kg,回收率在78.4%-116.0%之间,相对标准偏差均小于8.0%。结论：方法快速简便,回收率、精密度较好,符合检测要求,适合于豆类食品中多种有机氯和拟除虫菊酯类农药的测定。     

复方丁香凝胶的制备及疗效观察

目的制备复方丁香凝胶并进行临床疗效观察。方法应用蒸馏法及水提法提取丁香中有效成分,采用分散法制备凝胶剂;以红霉素软膏为对照品,临床观察该制剂治疗口唇疱疹的疗效。结果凝胶剂黏稠度适中,性质稳定。实验组显效率为93.75%,对照组显效率67.85%,两组差异有显著性(P<0.05),实验组明显优于对照组。结论该处方及制备工艺合理,治疗口唇疱疹疗效显著。     

甲磺酸培氟沙星凝胶剂的研制

目的:研究甲磷酸培氟沙星凝胶剂的处方、制备工艺、质量控制及稳定性。方法:采用CMC-Na为基质制成凝胶剂,用双波长紫外分光光度法测定甲磺酸培氟沙星的含量。结果:平均回收率为100.0％,RSD为0.2％,稳定性好,临床疗效较好。结论:该制剂适合于临床应用。