Same-Day Yttrium-90 Radioembolization: Feasibility with Resin Microspheres

Purpose

To evaluate the feasibility of a same-day yttrium-90 (⁹⁰Y) radioembolization protocol with resin microspheres (including pretreatment angiography, lung shunt fraction [LSF] determination, and radioembolization) for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and liver metastases.

异常灌注评分法评价肺血栓栓塞症患者治疗效果的价值

目的 分析异常灌注评分法对肺血栓栓塞症（PTE）疗效的评估价值。方法 选择明确诊断为急性PTE的患者46例，在治疗前及治疗后14d行肺灌注显像，2位核医学科医师分别对肺灌注显像图进行定性分析，随后采用异常灌注评分法和Parker创建的肺段评分法进行肺灌注显像结果判读，比较两者在判读结果方面的一致性及其相关性，并比较2种方法所示的治疗后灌注改善率。结果 2位医师对左肺灌注结果判读的一致性为100％（Kappa值为1．0），对右肺灌注结果判读的一致性为91．3％（Kappa值为0．69）。治疗前后2种灌注评分结果均有较高度的一致性（Kappa值分别为0．657和0．665，P均〈0．001）。在治疗前和治疗后通过2种评分方法所计算的联合评分均呈显著正相关（r值分别为0．770和0．771，P均〈0．001）。肺灌注改善率在2种评分方法之间无显著差异（P=0．128）。结论 异常灌注评分法判读简单，是评价PTE治疗效果的较好方法。     

社区护理工作绩效评价体系的建立与实践

目的为了探索一套适合我国社区卫生服务机构持续健康发展的护理管理模式，以提高社区护理管理效应。通过专家评定法以及全体护理人员讨论的方法，给予每项护理工作以适当的权重，以此建立社区护理工作绩效量化评价体系，并组织实施。实施后，在社区护理工作方面形成了良好的管理导向，建立了有效的激励机制，提高了护理工作质量、效率和效益。因此，可以认为在社区护理实施工作绩效量化评价体系，是值得推广的一项举措。     

Evaluating healthcare education: Issues and methods

This paper analyses the methodological issues inherent in evaluating healthcare education and considers approaches for addressing these.Recent policies have exhorted practitioners to base their practice on evidence; however in healthcare education the evidence base is not extensive. Whilst educational evaluation has advanced in the last decades, standardised designs and toolkits are not available. Each evaluation has different aims and occurs in specific contexts, thus the design has to fit the circumstances, yet meet the challenge of scientific credibility. Indicators of educational processes and outcomes are not scientifically verified; no toolkit of standardised ‘off-the-shelf’ valid, reliable and sensitive measures exists. The evidence base of educational practice is largely derived from small-scale, single case studies; the majority of measures are self-devised, unvalidated tools of unproven reliability, thus meta-synthesis is not appropriate and results are not generalisable. Healthcare educational evaluators need valid and reliable assessments of both knowledge acquisition and its application to practice. The need to establish and explain attribution, i.e. the relationship between educational inputs and outcomes is complex and requires experimental/quasi-experimental design. In addition, educational evaluators face the pragmatic challenge of practice in healthcare contexts, where confounding variables are hard to control and resources are scarce.     

Importance of screening the peripheral smear

A 5-year-old boy presented with history of failure to thrive from infancy. There was a history of one sibling death due to similar problems and history of severe abortions in the mother. Routine examination of peripheral smear revealed more than 50% acanthocytes. Based on this tests were streamlined to doing lipid profile and Lipo protein electrophoresis which revealed hypolipidemia and absent Β hypo protein band. Jejuna) mucosal biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of A Beta Lipo proteinemia which revealed lipid laden enterocytes. This case illustrates the importance of simple tests like peripheral smear examination in streamlining further tests in the diagnosis of major diseases.     

Frequency, nature and determinants of pharmaceutical consultations provided in private by Dutch community pharmacists

OBJECTIVE: According to a report published by the federation of Dutch patients' associations, patients would like to see a pharmacist, who acts more as a personal adviser. This raised the question, how often Dutch community pharmacists have personal consultations with their patients in daily practice, on which factors this depends, and what kind of topics are discussed during these meetings. SETTING: Community pharmacies in the Netherlands. METHOD: A questionnaire was distributed among 800 randomly selected pharmacies. Questions were restricted to consultations characterized by one-to-one contact, drug therapy related content, and adequate privacy. These consultations were labelled as pharmaceutical consultations in private to distinguish them from other contacts between pharmacists and patients. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Number, content, and character of consultations. RESULTS: 198 (24.8%) community pharmacies responded. The pharmacists provide an average of roughly 1.2 consultations in private per working day. The vast majority of respondents provided face-to-face and telephone consultations (94.4 and 91.9%, respectively), only a minority gave consultations by e-mail (30.8%). These consultations primarily dealt with topics related to medication safety. The mean overall time spent was 290 min per month. A relatively high frequency of personal consultations was significantly associated with the absolute number of full-time equivalent pharmacists in the pharmacy. CONCLUSION: The frequency of pharmaceutical consultations in private is low, but may be improved by reorganisation of the pharmacist's activities. The possibility of personal consultations by e-mail is not yet well-developed. Further research is needed to assess the patient's view of pharmaceutical consultations in private.     

CT导向下经皮射频消融术治疗肾上腺恶性肿瘤

目的对29例肾上腺肿瘤患者行射频消融（RFA）治疗，研究其近期局部治疗效果、不良反应和副作用。方法肾上腺肿瘤患者共29例，病灶总数31个，其中直径≤2．0cm的病灶共5个，2．1-4．0cm者18个，4．1-6．0cm者5个，≥6．1cm者3个，经RFA治疗1个月后行螺旋CT双期增强扫描评价肿瘤治疗效果。结果上述病灶经消融治疗后达到完全坏死者分别为5个、18个、3个、2个。患者无严重并发症出现。结论RFA治疗安全可靠，副作用小，是治疗肾上腺恶性肿瘤的有效方法之一。     

MR频谱检测乳酸的脉冲序列优化研究

目的通过改变一系列脉冲序列参数，以利于乳酸的最佳检测与定量分析。方法制作含乳酸玻璃模型。改变一系列的MR脉冲序列参数，应用点解析频谱序列(point resolved spectroscopy，PRESS)和激励回波序列(stimulated echo acquisition，STEAM)获得乳酸模型的相应频谱。另外，对12例脑病变患者和2例健康志愿者进行磁共振频谱检查，测量出每个波峰的峰高，并绘出序列变化曲线图。结果STEAM各波峰的峰向与PRESS序列一致，但STEAM各峰高均低于同等条件的PRESS峰。随着TE时间的延长，用乳酸模型测出的乳酸峰的峰高一序列曲线图呈波浪状变化，正向双峰在TE=26、270ms时共振波幅达到最大绝对值，负向双峰在TE=135～160ms之间达到最大绝对值。脑病变患者和健康志愿者的扫描结果表明，乳酸峰在优化的序列高于非优化的序列。结论优化的脉冲序列更有利于乳酸的检测与定量分析。     

中医心理咨询、治疗的基本原理及过程

本文旨在通过探讨<黄帝内经>关于人的基本观点和对心理咨询、心理治疗的经典论述包含的基本原理和过程,发现人的自我实现的本质是人在不同层次上的感知控制体的活动,可分为认知评价、概念自我评价、机体直接评价.概念自我评价和机体直接评价到10岁发展完成,认知评价在10岁以后继续发展.所形成的概念自我评价与机体直接评价之间不一致导致各种心理困扰.弱化概念自我评价反应,强化机体直接评价反应,使二者恢复或保持一致的治疗原理和方法 是咨谈式心理治疗的普遍原则.具体过程由建立治疗关系,治疗动作,验证治疗效果3个操作过程来完成.     

炎性肠病药物治疗的循证医学研究进展

目的:从循证医学的角度解析炎性肠病药物治疗的相关进展。旨在提高对临床证据的认知,帮助临床医生评估新的治疗,从批判的视角重新看待以往的治疗。方法:收集国外近期相关文献进行评价。结果及结论:炎性肠病(IBD)的发病机制尚不清楚,众多的治疗方案可供选择。因此,循证医学研究结果有非常重要的临床指导意义。IBD的研究方面取得了可喜的进步。但是,有关CD活动指数(CDAI)和临床分型系统仍有待于改进。通过循证医学的研究证据有望确定安全和易于耐受的药物,并能发现目前诊治方面存在的缺陷和问题,更好地解决患者的病痛。