32例女性尿道旁囊肿的临床分析

目的:探讨女性尿道旁囊肿的诊断与治疗方法。方法:回顾性分析32例女性尿道旁囊肿的临床资料。其中包括尿道旁腺囊肿30例,前庭大腺囊肿1例及尿道憩室1例。结果:30例尿道旁腺囊肿和1例尿道憩室行囊肿切除术,1例前庭大腺囊肿先保守治疗、后行囊肿切除术。随访3～60个月,没有发现囊肿复发、尿道狭窄和尿瘘等并发症。结论:触诊、B型超声波检查及MRI等综合检查方法是诊断的主要手段,尿道旁囊肿切除术是有效的治疗方法。     

根治性膀胱全切术后正位可控膀胱术研究进展.

 正位膀胱替代术经过近20 年的临床实践，被越来越多的医学中心所采用。通过总结重要的文献阐述了正位可控膀胱术中患者的选择、输尿管抗反流、上尿路安全性、尿控的恢复、肿瘤治疗的安全性、特殊的并发症和患者生存生活质量等方面的最新进展和新观点。与其他方式的尿流改道相比，正位可控膀胱有可能成为根治性膀胱全切术后新的治疗标准     

Laparoscopic assisted radical cystectomy: the montsouris experience after 84 cases

PURPOSE: Radical cystectomy is the gold standard treatment for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder, and the laparoscopic approach is currently being evaluated worldwide. We report our preliminary results of this laparoscopic surgical approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between May 2001 and February 2005, we have performed a total of 84 laparoscopic assisted prostatocystectomies or cystectomies for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder on 71 male and 13 female patients. The 2002 TNM staging for these tumors were: pTa-1: 13 cases; pT2: 59 cases; pT3: 11 cases; pT4: 1 case. Technical aspects are described and the initial results are reported. RESULTS: The median operating time was 280 min. The median blood loss was 550 cc with a transfusion rate of 5%. There has been no conversion to an open technique. Complications: No death, one pulmonary embolism, two urinary fistulas, three haematomas, one pyelonephritis. ONCOLOGICAL RESULTS: The pathology reports confirmed that all the surgical margins were free of tumor invasion. After 18 months of follow up no trocar seeding was observed. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic assisted cystectomy is a feasible technique which results in decreased bleeding and less postoperative pain. Long term follow-up is needed to confirm the oncologic outcomes.     

Radical cystectomy in septuagenarian patients with bladder cancer

Introduction: Clinical results of radical cystectomy performed on elderly bladder cancer patients over 70 years old were assessed to determine whether age is one of the critical points for the application of this type of surgery. Materials: From January 1992 to December 2002, 41 radical cystectomy performed in septuagenarian population were compared with 197 performed in patients less than 70 years of age. Results: The early and late complication rate for septuagenarians was 29.7% and 12%, compared with 26.9% and 9.6% for patients younger than 70 years respectively. The overall mortality rate for septuagenarians was 4.9%, compared with 8.6% for patients younger than 70 years. There was no significant difference between the two groups with regard to pathologic stage or length of hospital stay. The 5-year overall survival rate for septuagenarians was 53% compared with 59% for patients younger than 70 years. Conclusions: When indicated after adequate preoperative assessment and optimization of the patient, radical cystectomy is a safe procedure in the septuagenarians and patient should not be denied surgery dependent on chronologic age.     

改良全膀胱切除-原位回肠新膀胱术治疗膀胱癌的临床疗效(附12例报告)

目的：评价改良全膀胱切除方法和原位回肠新膀胱术的临床疗效。方法：对12例膀胱癌患者行改良全膀胱切除术．顺行分离膀胱顶部、侧壁上半部、底部,切断输尿管后改逆行分离。示指紧贴前列腺包膜将前列腺与直肠分开后,向上向外将膀胱颈部侧韧带和精囊尾的纤维束钩于示指掌握之中,切断并结扎。女性患者保留内生殖器及尿道内口。尿流改道采用原位回肠新膀胱术,并就手术并发症、术后控尿排尿情况、新膀胱容量、影像学和生化检查进行随访,随访时间8～62个月,平均35个月。结果：切除膀胱时间平均80min,术中平均出血450ml。原位回肠新膀胱控尿、排尿良好,术后静脉尿路造影、B超检查未见上尿路扩张,膀胱造影未发现输尿管反流,血生化检查正常,未发现新膀胱或尿道肿瘤复发。结论：改良膀胱切除术-原位回肠新膀胱术是治疗浸润性膀胱癌的理想方法。     

Sexuality preserving cystectomy and neobladder (SPCN): functional results of a neobladder anastomosed to the prostate

OBJECTIVES: In order to preserve the sexual functions in patients in need of a cystectomy, a feasibility study has been performed. METHODS: In 24 male patients the seminal vesicles and the prostate were left in situ and a Studer type neobladder was anastomosed to the lateral edge of the prostate. RESULTS: Storage and voiding strongly resembled the patterns reported in neobladder patients with the anastomosis directly to the urethra. Four of the 24 males needed to perform clean intermittent catheterisation (CIC). All but one patients had daytime continence. Three patients needed a pad at night. Five patients had erectile dysfunction, of whom two responded well to sildenafil treatment, one had good rigiscan measured nightly erectile function and one had poor erections prior to the operation. Half of the patients had antegrade ejaculation, two patients reported sometimes antegrade and sometimes retrograde ejaculation. CONCLUSION: This feasibility trial showed that in the majority of our patients the remaining prostate does not interfere with micturition and the sexual functions were preserved.     

‘Nerve-Sparing’ Cystectomy in Women

Although the indications for cystectomy other than for cancer are few, it is occasionally necessary for severe interstitial cystitis or hemorrhage due to radiation cystitis. The use of substitution cystoplasty after cystectomy has increased in men in the last decade, and this has resulted in the development of ‘nerve-sparing’ approach to cystectomy to improve continence and potency. The use of substitution cystoplasty in women after cystectomy has lagged behind that in men because it was considered necessary to remove the entire urethra, making orthotopic substitution impossible. Recently the need to remove the entire urethra has been questioned, with the finding that if the bladder neck is free of tumour, recurrence of disease in the urethra has not so far been found to occur. In addition, it appears possible to substitute on to the urethra without incontinence. This has led to the development of a ‘nerve-sparing’ technique of cystectomy, and renewed interest in the anatomy of the urethra. This paper reviews the current literature on ‘nerve-sparing’ cystectomy and describes our technique.     

女性原位尿流改道的临床研究

目的　总结女性膀胱全切患者行原位尿流改道的临床疗效。　方法　回顾性分析1995年9月至2003年12月34例女性膀胱全切、原位尿流改道患者的临床资料。34例患者,年龄53~64岁,平均58岁。其中移行细胞癌30例,腺癌3例,鳞状上皮癌1例。原发肿瘤30例,复发肿瘤4例。34例患者均行膀胱全切,其中24例保留自主神经。所有患者均截取末段回肠,行回肠代膀胱。术后随访观察临床效果。　结果　34例手术时间平均360min(280~420min),输血量平均600ml(300~1000ml)。术后30例获随访,随访6~108个月,平均61个月。术后6个月昼夜控尿率分别为90% (27 /30)和86% (26 /30)。一次性排空膀胱23例, 2例排尿可控过度,需定时导尿,另5例需采用手压下腹部排空新膀胱。23例行尿动力检查结果显示:贮尿囊容量300~520ml,充盈期囊内压<23cmH2O(6~23cmH2O, 1cmH2O=0. 098kPa),最大尿道压35 ~70cmH2O,功能性尿道长2. 6~3. 5cm,剩余尿量0~38ml。IVU检查贮尿囊球形,无输尿管狭窄,轻度输尿管返流1例,肾盂输尿管轻度扩张1例。血电解质和肾功能正常.无肠膀胱或尿道残端复发者。　结论　女性膀胱癌患者行原位尿流改道可获得满意的临床效果,可作为该类患者的首选治疗方法。     

Robotic urology in the United Kingdom: experience and overview of robotic-assisted cystectomy

In this article we look at the evolution of robotic technology in operative urology and the significant early contribution of Mr John Wickham. We explore the ergonomics of robotic technology and discuss financial issues from a British perspective. We share our clinical experience, describe the authors’ robotic-assisted cystectomy technique, and conclude by exploring the patients’ perception of this new treatment modality.     

直肠代膀胱乙状结肠腹壁造瘘围手术期的护理

目的 :总结膀胱全切直肠代膀胱乙状结肠腹壁造瘘围手术期的护理经验。方法 :对多发性膀胱肿瘤 10例行膀胱全切 ,直肠代膀胱乙状结肠腹壁造瘘术 ,术前做好心理护理 ,说明手术过程、术后对患者进行系统的护理管理 ,严密观察生命体征变化 ,加强营养 ,积极预防术后并发症。结果 :10例患者切口愈合良好 ,手术成功 ,无并发症发生。结论 :加强手术前后的护理 ,严密观察及预防并发症的发生 ,妥善的护理是提高手术成功的关键。