Host–pathogen interactions in epidermolysis bullosa patients colonized with Staphylococcus aureus

Patients with the genetic blistering disease epidermolysis bullosa (EB) often have chronic wounds that can become colonized by different bacteria, especially the opportunistic pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. We therefore determined the S. aureus colonization rates in EB patients from the Netherlands by collecting swabs from their anterior nares, throats and wounds. Within a period of ∼2 years, more than 90% of the sampled chronic wounds of EB patients were found to be colonized by S. aureus. Molecular typing revealed that EB patients were not colonized by a single S. aureus type. Rather the S. aureus population structure in the sampled EB patients mirrored the local S. aureus population structure within the Netherlands. Furthermore, multiple types of S. aureus were found in close proximity to each other within individual chronic wounds, indicating that these S. aureus types are not mutually exclusive. Over time, strong fluctuations in the S. aureus types sampled from individual EB patients were observed. This high exposure to different S. aureus types is apparently reflected by high plasma levels of antistaphylococcal IgG's, especially in patients carrying multiple S. aureus types. It remains to be determined to what extent this strong immune response protects EB patients against serious staphylococcal infections. Lastly, further research is needed to define the impact of staphylococcal colonization of chronic wounds on the development, exacerbation and healing of such wounds in patients with EB.     

Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium outbreak caused by patient transfer in 2 separate intensive care units

This report describes an outbreak involving vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium colonization in 2 separate intensive care units (ICUs). Outbreak investigation including pulsed-field gel electrophoresis demonstrated that transfer of a vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium colonized patient between ICUs contributed to the outbreaks that occurred simultaneously in 2 separate ICUs.     

变形链球菌在婴幼儿口腔内定居时间的研究

目的：确定变形链球菌(SM)在儿童口腔内最早定居时间。方法：对180例6～24个月的小儿，采用TYCSB培养基检测变形链球菌在婴幼儿口腔内定居的时间。结果：180例儿童中，99例口腔内检查出SM(8～13个月的儿童SM检测阳性25例，14～24个月的儿童检测SM阳性74例)，检出率为55．0％。75例未检测出SM和SS；80例单纯检出SM；6例单纯检出SS；19例同时检出SM和远缘链球菌(SS)。SM、SS最早定居时间均为8个月。结论：随小儿年龄的增长和牙齿萌出增多，SM的检出率而增高；同时存在SM和SS的儿童变链定居时间较仅有SM者定居时间早。     

Reduced Susceptibility of Polytetrafluoroethylene Vascular Prostheses to Colonization by Staphylococcus aureus Following In Situ Endothelialization

Abstract: The impact of endothelialization of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) grafts on susceptibility to experimental colonization by Staphylococcus aureus was studied in a rat model. One hundred and eight grafts (2 mm inner diameter, 5 mm length) were implanted into the infrarenal aorta (54 rats) or the infrarenal caval vein (54 rats). The progress of endothelialization following graft implantation was evaluated by SEM at 1, 3, 7, and 14 days on 6 grafts from each group. We found that the endothelialization was more rapid in caval vein than in aorta: The caval vein grafts were completely endothelialized 2 weeks following implantation compared with endothelialization of approximately 0.5 mm of aorta grafts, measured from each anastomosis. During this time, the resistance to standardized intravenous challenge with 10⁸ colony-forming units of S. aureus increased gradually in both groups, and all caval vein grafts tested at 2 weeks were sterile. However, all aorta grafts challenged at 2 weeks were colonized, although to a somewhat lower degree than at earlier challenge. Resistance of PTFE grafts to colonization with S. aureus thus correlated to the degree of endothelialization.     

白僵菌属的分类及种的形态特征

白僵菌属建属近一个世纪了，但其属内种的分类一直存在较大的分歧，种的最后分类没有定论，本文对白僵菌属的６个种进行了形态学的描述     

碳酸锂对荷瘤小鼠的抑瘤防瘤及抗氧化作用研究

为探讨碳酸锂（Ｌｉ２ＣＯ３）对肿瘤是否有防治作用，选择两种荷瘤小鼠（肝癌Ｈ２２、肉瘤Ｓ１８０）对其进行了抑瘤防瘤实验研究，同时测定两种荷瘤小鼠血细胞超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）活性、血浆丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量，初步探讨碳酸锂对荷瘤小鼠体内氧化及抗氧化系统的影响，并与环磷酰胺（ＣＰ）的毒副作用进行了比较。结果表明，Ｌｉ２ＣＯ３在剂量设计范围内未见明显的毒副作用。抑瘤防瘤实验中，对Ｈ２２和Ｓ１８０两种肿瘤均有明显的抑制作用；可提高两种荷瘤小鼠血细胞的ＳＯＤ活性，降低ＭＤＡ含量；同时对荷瘤小鼠血液白细胞（ＷＢＣ）水平无影响，并可降低荷瘤小鼠的骨髓细胞微核率（ＭＮＦ）。而ＣＰ则有肯定的降ＷＢＣ作用和致突变作用。     

175名二硫化碳作业工人神经肌电图分析

对１７５名二硫化碳作业工人进行神经系统及神经肌电图检查。结果发现，二硫化碳作业工人的神经肌电图改变符合远端轴索病肌电图的特点，神经肌电图检查对二硫化碳作业工人周围神经损伤有早期诊断价值，而且还表现出二硫化碳暴露对周围神经损伤的剂量—效应关系。     

咖啡因对小鼠的行为致畸学研究

于孕期给受孕ＩＣＲ小鼠经口灌胃０，４，２０和１００ｍｇ／ｋｇ咖啡因，观察其子代的行为功能状况。结果表明：２０ｍｇ／ｋｇ剂量组（相当于人每天喝１０杯咖啡）出现了明显的仔鼠体格发育迟缓，早期反射和感觉功能障碍，以及学习记忆能力下降的行为功能改变；１００ｍｇ／ｋｇ剂量组除出现上述改变外，死胎数增多。３个剂量组均未出现胎鼠的形态异常。提示，咖啡因在不引起仔鼠形态改变的剂量下，可引起仔鼠行为功能的异常。