水牛角不同相对分子质量酶解液的药理作用研究

目的：研究水牛角不同相对分子质量酶解液的药理作用。方法：通过观察小鼠对戊巴比妥钠催眠作用的反应、对脂多糖引起死亡的抵抗及用药后小鼠凝血时间、自发活动和对抗感染的影响和作用,研究水牛角不同相对分子质量酶解液的药理作用。结果：与生理盐水（NS）对照组比较,相对分子质量〈3kD和10-30kD的酶解液有明显的镇静作用（P〈0．01）;相对分子质量〈3kD酶解液有显著的抵抗脂多糖引起的死亡作用（P〈0．05）;相对分子质量〉30kD酶解液有明显的止血作用（P〈0．01）;相对分子质量〉5但〈10kD酶解液有明显的抑制自发活动作用（P〈0．01）;相对分子质量〉5但〈10kD组和10～30kD组有明显的提高抗细菌感染作用（P〈0．01）。结论：水牛角不同相对分子质量酶解液。药理作用不同。     

正交实验优选水牛角酶解的提取工艺研究

目的：研究水牛角酶解的最佳提取工艺。方法：以蛋白质含量为指标,通过正交实验筛选水牛角的最佳酶解提取条件。结果：水牛角最佳酶解工艺为：胃蛋白酶,pH=2,加酶量700U／g,温度39℃,时间4h。结论：正交实验确定的条件可较好地应用于水牛角的酶解提取。     

Chronic hypobaric hypoxia induced apoptosis in CA1 region of hippocampus: a possible role of NMDAR mediated p75NTR upregulation

Hypobaric hypoxia has been implicated with neural degeneration and memory loss. Though there has been considerable knowledge on the role of the p75^NTR in triggering apoptosis, the occurrence of a similar mechanism in hypoxic stress still remains to be explored. We, in the present study, have tried to explore the role of p75^NTR in mediating apoptosis in hypobaric hypoxia. Male Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to an altitude of 7,620 m for different durations. To study the contribution of apoptosis to hypobaric hypoxia induced cell death in the hippocampus, rat brains were examined for the occurrence of apoptosis by determining the number of cells showing DNA breaks using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated UTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay and chromatin condensation using Hoechst staining along with estimation of caspase activity and expression of active Caspase 3. Expression of p75^NTR was studied to determine its possible role in triggering apoptosis in hypobaric hypoxia. Exposure to hypobaric hypoxia was found to progressively increase the number of TUNEL positive and Hoechst positive cells along with increase in caspase activity, thus suggesting apoptotic mode of cell death. p75^NTR was found to be upregulated on prolonged exposure to hypobaric hypoxia corresponding to the increase in the number of apoptotic cells. Further, reduced expression of p75^NTR expression by antisense nucleotide administration significantly decreased apoptosis in the CA1 region of hippocampus. Blocking of NMDA receptors by MK801 interestingly decreased p75^NTR expression and the number of TUNEL positive cells as compared to hypoxic animals. These findings suggest the regulation of p75^NTR by NMDA receptors and its role in inducing apoptosis in hypoxia.     

冷冻干燥法与传统加工法制得的鹿茸化学成分分析及其比较研究

院本文对冷冻干燥法和传统法制得的鹿茸成分进行了比较。结果表明：冷冻干燥法制得的鹿茸，其氨基酸、有机物质、铁和锌元素、总氮及总磷含量均高于后者，而灰份少于后者。     

Entorhinal cortex and cognition

Understanding the function of the entorhinal cortex (EC) has been an important subject over the years, not least because of its cortical intermediary to and from the hippocampus proper, and because of electrophysiological advances which have started to reveal the physiology in behaving animals. Clearly, a lot more needs to be done but is clear to date that EC is not merely a throughput station providing all hippocampal subfields with sensory information, but that processing within EC contributes significantly to attention, conditioning, event and spatial cognition possibly by compressing representations that overlap in time. These are transmitted to the hippocampus, where they are differentiated again and returned to EC. Preliminary evidence for such a role, but also their possible pitfalls are summarised.     

经腹和经阴道超声联合应用鉴别诊断子宫角部和输卵管间质部妊娠

目的探讨经腹和经阴道超声检查在子宫角部妊娠和输卵管间质部妊娠鉴别诊断中的价值。方法列经手术病理证实的18例子宫角部妊娠和23例输卵管间质部妊娠的声像图特点进行对比分析。结果41例子宫角部妊娠和输卵管间质部妊娠超声表现为孕囊型和混合型两种类型。孕囊型共30例,孕囊位于子宫角部14例,超声诊断符合率92.8%(13/14);超声表现为孕囊位于膨大的宫角内,与子宫内膜相连或隐约相连;孕囊周围有厚度均匀的肌层组织.厚9～12 mm。孕囊位于输卵管间质部16例,超声诊断符合率93.8%(15/16)。超声表现为宫角有不同程度的膨出.孕囊边缘与子宫内膜存在2～7 mm,不等的距离;孕囊周围肌层组织厚度<9mm。混合型共11例,宫角妊娠4例,间质部妊娠7例。结论联合应用经腹和经阴道超声检查有助于对子宫角部妊娠和输卵管间质部妊娠的孕囊型鉴别,有一定的临床意义。     

细胞治疗对脊髓前角运动神经元保护作用的实验研究

目的研究注射不同的异体细胞于大鼠失神经靶肌肉对脊髓前角运动神经元的保护作用。方法雌性6周龄SD大鼠36只,体重120～150g;随机分为四组,每组9只。无菌条件下切断左侧坐骨神经,一期神经外膜缝合。术后即于小腿三头肌处注射相应细胞,7d注射1次,共4次。A组注射1×106/ml单纯雪旺细胞1ml、B组注射1×106/ml雪旺细胞加成肌细胞1ml（雪旺细胞∶成肌细胞为1∶1）、C组注射1×106/ml混合细胞提取液1ml（雪旺细胞∶成肌细胞∶肾内皮细胞为1∶1∶1）、D组无血清培养液1ml作对照。术后3个月进行脊髓前角运动神经元内C-Jun表达及酶组织化学观察。结果术后3个月,A、B及C组的C-Jun阳性表达脊髓前角运动神经元的形态均较D组好,神经元数目明显多于D组。各组脊髓前角运动神经元内C-Jun活性表达：A组128.591±0.766,B组116.729±0.778,C组100.071±2.017,D组144.648±2.083;D组与A、B及C组比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;A、B组间及B、C组间比较,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。脊髓前角运动神经元内酶组织化学观察：A、B及C组神经元胞体轮廓清楚,胞体饱满,D组神经元胞体轮廓模糊,胞浆和细胞核界限不清晰。各组脊髓前角运动神经元酶活性比较,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论雪旺细胞、雪旺细胞加成肌细胞、混合细胞提取液均有保护脊髓前角运动神经元的作用,混合细胞提取液优于雪旺细胞及雪旺细胞加成肌细胞。     

鹿茸化学成分和药理活性研究进展

目的：为鹿茸的开发利用提供参考。方法：经数据库检索,查阅国内外公开发表的文章,从鹿茸的化学成分、药理作用两方面进行综述。结果：鹿茸含有多种化学成分,主要有氨基酸类、脂肪酸、脂类、含氮类化合物、多糖等。鹿茸具有改善心血管及神经系统功能,具有抗氧化、增强性功能、促进创伤愈合、抗应激、增强免疫力、抗肿瘤等多种药理活性。结论：鹿茸具有多种化学成分以及多方面的药理活性,进一步研究鹿茸的有效成分及其生物学活性将具有重要的临床价值和意义。     

鹿茸商品药材中磷脂类成分分析

目的 比较不同品种、规格鹿茸药材中2种磷脂类成分含有量,以评价鹿茸商品药材的质量.方法 采用Folch试剂超声提取、正相HPLC法,测定鹿茸商品药材中磷脂酰胆碱与鞘磷脂.结果 鹿茸商品药材中均含这2种磷脂组分,并均以磷脂酰胆碱量为高,不同品种、规格中的含有量均存在一定差异;与总磷脂量比较表明,鹿茸中尚有其他的磷脂类成分.结论 从磷脂类成分分析,梅花鹿茸较马鹿茸质佳;梅花鹿茸中蜡片的质量最好,马鹿茸中冻干粉的质量较优.     

羚羊角胶囊治疗癫痫中医临床症状观察

目的:观察单味中药羚羊角粉的抗痫作用,为临床治疗提供理论依据。方法对北京天坛医院癫痫中心符合研究标准的癫痫患者采用随机、对照方法研究。试验组采用抗癫痫药常规治疗加用羚羊角胶囊;对照组采用西药常规治疗。对两组治疗前及治疗三个月后的癫痫患者的临床症状及副作用情况进行量化评价观察。结果治疗3个月后,两组的中医临床症状总分差异无统计学意义(P<0.05)。"心情烦躁"、"头晕目眩"、"便秘"、"舌苔"等临床症状得分试验组比对照组有所降低(P<0.05)。试验组副反应发生率低于对照组(P<0.01)。结论羚羊角胶囊加常规抗癫痫药物治疗癫痫患者有较好的效果,能在一定程度上改善患者临床症状和减轻副作用。