The Spiritualities of Therapists' Lives

Summary

We situate how the personal spiritual quests of our own lives have influenced our work as family therapists, particularly influencing our chosen theories of change. We provide a definition of and approach to spirituality that centers its ethical, moral, and deeply relational nature, and propose that therapists' own spirituality can be a beneficial resource in the relationships they build and foster with those who consult them. Careful attention is given to how God calls us into relationships with others. Narrative therapy and spirituality are both defined as inherently relationalist practices and ways of being. Drawing on narrative therapy ideas, we describe a four step process we have used to explore therapists' spirituality in supervisory contexts specifically focusing on the relational nature of their work, and illustrate this process by giving supervision dialogues from some of our experiences.     

Psychotherapy provision,socioeconomic deprivation,and the inverse care law

Abstract

In this study of routine service data and census data, the authors explore the influence of socioeconomic status on patients entering an integrated psychotherapy service. Between January 1, 2000, and September 30, 725 patients were assessed and had their Townsend Index of Material Deprivation (TIMD) scores derived from postcodes. Results showed no correlation between TIMD score and those attending their assessment and no significant difference in TIMD score between those allocated to psychoanalytic psychotherapy (PAP) or cognitive–behavioral psychotherapy (CBP) and between those accepted and not accepted for each treatment. No correlation was found between Townsend score and numbers presenting to the service, suggesting that the inverse care law applies. Deprivation is not a predictor of patient allocation to or acceptance for PAP or CBP.     

Women not in cardiology: where are we going wrong? A survey of the perceptions and barriers to training

In the UK, there is a difference between the medical specialties and cardiology in recruitment of women. Research, thus far, has concentrated on women already in cardiology. Although invaluable in understanding barriers to training, these studies fail to provide insight into why other trainees chose an alternative. Therefore, we designed a survey aimed at medical personnel, evaluating why higher trainees in other specialties overlooked cardiology.An online survey was distributed via email to non-cardiology higher trainees in Wales. Questions covered previous clinical experiences of cardiology, interactions with cardiologists, and tried to identify deterrent factors.There were 227 responses received over six weeks: 61.7% (n=137) female respondents, 23.5% (n=52) less than full-time. Of these, 49% completed a cardiology placement previously. Bullying was witnessed and experienced equally among genders, females witnessed and experienced sexism, 24% (n=24) and 13% (n=13), respectively. In contrast, male trainees witnessed and experienced sexism 14% (n=7) and 0%. There were 62% (n=133) who felt cardiologists and registrars were unapproachable. Work-life balance ranked first (40%), as the most important factor influencing career choice. The negative attitudes of cardiologists and registrars was ranked top 3 for not pursuing cardiology.In conclusion, many barriers exist to cardiology training including poor worklife balance, sexism and lack of less than full-time opportunities. However, this survey highlights that the behaviour of cardiologists and registrars has the potential to impact negatively on trainees. It is, therefore, our responsibility to be aware of this and encourage change.     

Perceived Value of Teaching and Learning Curriculum Programs Among Pharmacy Practice Department Chairs

Objective. To determine the perceived value that pharmacy practice department chairs ascribe to pharmacy faculty candidates having completed a teaching and learning curriculum (TLC) program and related activities.Methods. An 18-item survey instrument was created that was intended to capture the overall impressions of pharmacy practice chairs regarding the value of TLC programs, relative importance compared to other accomplishments (eg, residency completion, board certification), and importance of specific activities. Following pilot testing and establishment of intra-rater reliability, invitations to complete the electronic survey instrument were sent to pharmacy practice chairs (or their equivalent) at accredited Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) programs in the United States.Results. Of the 127 pharmacy practice chairs invited, 53 completed the survey (response rate of 41.7%). The majority of respondents held a PharmD degree (90.6%), had been in their role of chair for zero to five years (60.4%), and represented a private institution (54.7%). The majority of respondents who answered the question (32 of 49) felt it was very important or important (16.3% and 49.0%, respectively) that teaching experiences be completed within a formal teaching and learning curriculum program. These programs were believed to be most important for candidates with less than five years of professional experience. Teaching and learning curriculum programs were not deemed to be more important than other accomplishments by most responders. The perceived most important TLC program activities were instruction on didactic and experiential teaching strategies, and experience developing learning objectives, developing examination items, evaluating examination results, and facilitating case conferences or practice laboratory activities.Conclusion. Teaching and learning curriculum programs may provide the foundational experiences needed for pharmacy graduates to stand out among other candidates, although department chairs’ perceptions of the value of teaching and learning curriculum experiences varied.     

有氧运动对自发性高血压大鼠心肌纤维化的影响及机制

摘要：目的 观察长期有氧运动对自发性高血压大鼠（SHR）心肌纤维化的影响,并探讨调控胶原代谢的信号分 子——转化生长因子-β（1 TGF-β1）、结缔组织生长因子（CTGF）、基质金属蛋白酶2（MMP-2）和组织金属蛋白酶抑制 物-2（TIMP-2）在其中的作用机制。方法 30只雄性SHR随机分为安静对照（SHR-RC）组和有氧运动（SHR-AT） 组,同时将15只Wistar-Kyoto大鼠作为正常血压对照（NC）组。NC组和SHR-RC组动物在鼠笼安静饲养,SHR-AT组 进行24周跑台训练。实验结束后利用无创血压仪测定尾动脉血压,超声心动术检测心脏结构与功能,Masson染色获 取心脏胶原容积分数（CVF）,实时荧光定量 PCR 检测心钠素（ANP）、脑钠素（BNP）和 β-肌球蛋白重链（β-MHC） mRNA表达量,Western blotting检测TGF-β1、CTGF、MMP-2［包括总MMP-2（72 ku）和活化型MMP-2（64 ku）］、TIMP- 2和α-平滑肌肌动蛋白（α-SMA）蛋白表达量。结果 与NC组比较,SHR-RC组大鼠心腔扩张同时室壁变薄,心脏 CVF 增加,心功能下降,ANP、BNP 和 β-MHC mRNA 以及 TGF-β1、CTGF、TIMP-2 和 α-SMA 蛋白表达量上调（P＜ 0.05）,活化型MMP-2蛋白表达量以及活化型MMP-2/TIMP-2比值下降（P＜0.05）;与SHR-RC组比较,SHR-AT组心 脏扩张减轻,心脏CVF下降,心功能增强,ANP、BNP和β-MHC mRNA以及α-SMA蛋白表达量下调,活化型MMP-2 蛋白表达量以及活化型 MMP-2/TIMP-2 比值增加（P＜0.05）,而 TGF-β1、CTGF 和 TIMP-2 蛋白表达量无明显变化 （P＞0.05）。结论 长期规律有氧运动能够改善SHR心肌纤维化,并延缓心脏重塑和心力衰竭进程,其机制与胶原 降解增加（但对胶原合成无影响）以及抑制成纤维细胞向成肌纤维细胞分化有关     

基于智能云平台居家培训新型冠状病毒肺炎知识在储备护士中的应用

目的 探索智能云平台的居家培训方式在新型冠状病毒肺炎储备护士培训中的应用效果。方法 将我院应对新型冠状病毒肺炎的80名储备护士,前3批援助武汉的40名储备护士设为对照组,后面培训的40名储备护士设为干预组,对照组采用传统理论操作授课培训,干预组采用智能云平台的居家培训方式培训相关内容,比较2组理论、操作成绩、培训疲劳程度、培训满意度的差异。结果 对照组与干预组在理论和操作成绩上差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）;干预组培训疲劳程度低于对照组（P<0.001）;干预组培训满意度高于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 利用智能云平台的居家培训方式在新型冠状病毒肺炎储备护士培训中,能有效保证培训的质量,并且降低培训的疲劳感,减少群体培训交叉感染病毒的风险。     

Maximal heart rate assessment in recreational football players: A study involving a multiple testing approach

This study aimed at examining the suitability of a standard treadmill test (TT), popular intermittent field tests, and small‐sided football matches to induce maximal heart rate (HR_max) in recreational football players. Sixty‐six inactive untrained male subjects (age: 39.3 ± 5.8 years, VO_2max: 41.2 ± 6.2 mL kg^?1 min^?1, body mass: 81.9 ± 10.8 kg, height: 173.2 ± 6.4 cm) were evaluated. On separate occasions, the players were randomly submitted to a progressive VO_2max TT, to the Yo‐Yo intermittent endurance level 1 (YYIE1) and level 2 (YYIE2) tests, to the Yo‐Yo intermittent recovery level 1 (YYIR1) test, and to 7v7 (43 × 27 m pitch, 83 m²/player) football matches (45 minutes; 2‐4 matches/player). To ensure data consistency, exercise HR was recorded using the same HR monitors in all the experimental conditions. A total of 73%, 24%, 18%, 17%, and 30% of the players achieved their HR_max during the YYIE1, YYIE2, YYIR1, TT, and the small‐sided football matches, respectively. The probability of achieving HR_max increased proportionally to test duration, with 7.8 minutes as the cutoff time. Variations in HR_peak of ±2 b min^?1 should be regarded as of practical relevance. YYIE1 HR_peak provided the most accurate estimation of a subject's individual HR_max and much higher probability of reaching HR_max. Nevertheless, the results of this study suggest caution in considering a reference test for HR_max assessment in this population. The use of confirmation tests is still highly advisable when the test duration is shorter than 7.8 minutes. In this regard, field tests seem to be suitable and accurate for individual HR_max assessment in recreational football players.