DSA引导下血管腔内成形术治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的临床研究

目的:探讨DSA引导下血管腔内成形术(TA)治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞症(ASO-LE)的临床效果。方法:2017年3月至2019年4月,手术治疗的ASO-LE患者93例,依据治疗方式的不同分为A组(行TA,n=49)和B组[行下肢动脉旁路移植术(LEABG),n=44],两组患者均在数字减影血管造影(DSA)引导下进行。对比两组患者手术成功率;两组患者术前即刻(T1)、术后1 d(T2)、术后3 d(T3)及术后1周(T4)时刻视觉模拟疼痛评分(VAS);对比术前(T1')、术后1个月(T2')及术后3个月(T3')时刻两组患者下肢缺血程度[患者踝肱指数(ABI)、趾肱指数(TBI)];对比T1'、T2'及T3'时刻两组患者足背动脉血流动力学[足背动脉内径(D)、血流峰速(PV)、血流量(BF)];对比T1'、T2'及T3'时刻两组患者下肢感觉神经传导速度(SNCV)和运动神经传导速度(MNCV);术后6个月,对比两组患者并发症发生率。结果:两组患者手术成功率无显著差异(P>0.05);患者VAS评分组间、时间、交互对比差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),与T1相比,T2、T3及T4时两组患者VAS评分均降低(P<0.05),与T2相比较,T3及T4时两组患者VAS评分均降低(P<0.05),与T3相比较,T4时两组患者VAS评分均降低(P<0.05),A组T2、T3及T4时刻VAS评分均低于B组(P<0.05);ABI、TBI、D、PV、BF、SNCV和MNCV组间、时间、交互对比差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);与T1'相比,T2'及T3'时两组患者ABI、TBI、D、PV、BF、SNCV和MNCV均升高(P<0.05);与T2'相比较,T3'时2组患者ABI、TBI、下肢SNCV和MNCV均升高(P<0.05),A组T2'及T3'时刻ABI、TBI、D、PV、BF、SNCV和MNCV均高于B组(P<0.05);A组患者并发症发生率显著低于B组(P<0.05)。结论:相比LEABG,DSA引导下对ASO-LE患者进行TA治疗能够减轻疼痛,改善下肢缺血及足背动脉血流动力学,提高下肢SNCV和MNCV,降低并发症的发生率。     

Loss of GRB2 associated binding protein 1 in arteriosclerosis obliterans promotes host autophagy

Background:Arteriosclerosis obliterans (ASO) is a major cause of adult limb loss worldwide. Autophagy of vascular endothelial cell (VEC) contributes to the ASO progression. However, the molecular mechanism that controls VEC autophagy remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to explore the role of the GRB2 associated binding protein 1 (GAB1) in regulating VEC autophagy.Methods:In vivo and in vitro studies were applied to determine the loss of adapt protein GAB1 in association with ASO progression. Histological GAB1 expression was measured in sclerotic vascular intima and normal vascular intima. Gain- and loss-of-function of GAB1 were applied in VEC to determine the effect and potential downstream signaling of GAB1.Results:The autophagy repressor p62 was significantly downregulated in ASO intima as compared to that in healthy donor (0.80 vs. 0.20, t = 6.43, P < 0.05). The expression level of GAB1 mRNA (1.00 vs. 0.24, t = 7.41, P < 0.05) and protein (0.72 vs. 0.21, t = 5.97, P < 0.05) was significantly decreased in ASO group as compared with the control group. Loss of GAB1 led to a remarkable decrease in LC3II (1.19 vs. 0.68, t = 5.99, P < 0.05), whereas overexpression of GAB1 significantly led to a decrease in LC3II level (0.41 vs. 0.93, t = 7.12, P < 0.05). Phosphorylation levels of JNK and p38 were significantly associated with gain- and loss-of-function of GAB1 protein.Conclusion:Loss of GAB1 promotes VEC autophagy which is associated with ASO. GAB1 and its downstream signaling might be potential therapeutic targets for ASO treatment.     

Combination of intramuscular transplantation of autologous mononuclear bone marrow cells with sympathectomy (L2, 3) in patients with peripheral arterial disease(PAD)

BackgroundIn most patients with severe, chronic extremity ischemic diseases, intervention or surgical treatment is often not suitable. Combination of intramuscular transplantation of autologous monocular bone marrow cells (AMBMCs) and sympathectomy (L2, 3) has been proved therapeutically beneficial.MethodsWe studied 170 patients (combined group 80, control group 90) with extremity ischemia (TAO, ASO FontaineⅡ,Ⅲ, Ⅳ) between January 2013 and September 2019.ResultsIn contrast to pre-operation, the walking distance of patients increased significantly (from 61.34 ± 52.23 m to 156.0 ± 32.4 m, p < 0.01), and the ankle-brachial index (ABI) remarkably improved (from 0.28 ± 0.13 to 0.59 ± 0.23, p < 0.05).ConclusionCombined therapy is feasible and effective for patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD).     

Canine Peripheral Vascular Arteriosclerosis Following Myointimal Fragmentation and Atherogenic Diet

The development of arteriosclerotic peripheral vascular lesions following balloon catheter and mechanical fragmentation of the arterial myointima combined with an atherogenic diet was studied in a canine model. The ileofemoral arteries of five mongrel dogs (mean wt 22 × 2 kg) were selectively cannulated and subjected to balloon catheter and mechanical myointimal injury by repeated longitudinal and transverse shearing forces. Twenty grams of hydrogenated coconut oil and a 5.0% cholesterol diet were fed to the animals daily during the study period. Followup angiographic studies obtained at 4 weeks (n= 2), 10 weeks (n= 3), 16 weeks (n= 3), and 24 weeks (n= 2) demonstrated changes of progressive peripheral vascular occlusion. Concurrent duplex Doppler studies correlated well with the angiographic results. At 10 (n= 1), 18 (n= 2), and 24 (n= 2) weeks, the animals were sacrificed and the vessels were perfusion-fixed in situ with 2% glutaraldehyde or formaldehyde solutions and excised. Histological examination demonstrated extensive arteriosclerotic changes including (i) fragmentation and reduplication of the internal elastic membrane, (ii) myointimal hyperplasia with fibroblastic proliferation including the development of fibrous intimal plaques, and (iii) transmigration and proliferation of smooth muscle cells with scattered monohistiocytes. The specimens showed a range of stenotic changes from 25% to total occlusion of the vascular lumen. These preliminary data demonstrate the feasibility of providing intense arteriosclerotic myointimal histologic changes in the canine peripheral vasculature within a 24-week period. Further refinement of this methodology may provide a practical model for studies of localized peripheral vascular occlusive disease     

三基因突变小鼠血脂代谢及动脉粥样硬化早期病变特征

目的研究血脂代谢相关基因与瘦素受体基因联合突变导致小鼠血脂代谢紊乱的发生机制和动脉粥样硬化早期病变的特点及两者间的关系。方法应用生物化学及组织形态学手段对三基因突变(apoE-/-/LDLR-/-/Leprdb/db)与双基因突变(apoE-/-/LDLR-/-)小鼠和单基因突变(Leprdb/db)小鼠之间血脂及动脉粥样硬化早期病变的差异进行了比较研究。结果三基因突变小鼠3周龄时血浆总胆固醇、甘油三酯和血糖浓度分别为(1988±190)、(293±029)和(727±088)mmol/L,均高于双基因和单基因突变小鼠,同时出现轻微的主动脉内膜损伤,血脂及动脉粥样硬化程度随年龄增长而加重。11周龄三基因突变小鼠血浆总胆固醇、甘油三酯和血糖水平分别高出双基因突变小鼠166、141和24倍,且动脉内膜病变较双基因和单基因突变小鼠明显,其严重程度与血脂紊乱正相关。结论三个脂代谢相关基因联合突变在导致小鼠血脂代谢紊乱及主动脉粥样硬化病变的发生发展中起重要作用。     

辛伐他汀消退颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的临床研究

目的 采用颈动脉超声定量评价他汀类药物辛伐他汀服药前及服药6月、12月后颈动脉内中膜厚度(IMT)及斑块面积的改变，并同时观察相应生化指标的变化情况，评价辛伐他汀稳定与消退斑块的作用。方法 应用HP SONOS 5500型彩色超声多普勒仪，检查有不同程度颈动脉粥样硬化斑块形成的患者68例，其中治疗组46例，对照组22例：对有斑块的颈动脉部位，于斑块最大面积时冻结图像，沿斑块边缘测定其面积，同时测定颈动脉分叉处IMT。所有患者于服药前及服药6月、12月后检查相应生化指标。治疗组惠者给予每日辛伐他汀20mg口服，共12月。服药期间所出现的不适嘱及时告知。结果 所有治疗组患者12月服药期间均无不适主诉，46例惠者两侧颈动脉共有79个斑块，服药半年消失25个斑块，消失率达32％；服药12月后消失31个斑块，消失率达39％；未消失的斑块均有不同程度的缩小。用药6月及12月后IMT有明显减低；用药后6月与12月总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白均明显降低，服药前、6月、12月尿素、肌酐、肌酸激酶等生化指标无明显差异，丙氨酸氨基转移酶明显减低。结论 颈动脉超声定量评价辛伐他汀服药6月及12月IMT及斑块面积改变的结果表明，坚持服用他汀类药物，可以达到稳定与消退斑块的作用。     

腔内介入治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞症56例临床报道

目的：研究并分析腔内介入治疗在下肢动脉硬化闭塞症治疗中的临床效果。方法整群选取该院接受下肢动脉硬化闭塞症治疗56例患者,按照所选治疗手段的不同将其随机均分至采用腔内介入治疗的观察组与采用传统动脉旁路手术治疗的对照组。对比分析两种治疗方法的优劣。结果观察组患者住院时间为9~13 d,手术时间为1~2 h,手术过后的ABI指数比对照组ABI指数数据表现优异,两组患者在ABI指数对比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。但手术成功率和在手术之后动脉通畅率比较上两组间差异无统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论下肢动脉硬化闭塞症采取腔内治疗,能够有效地缓解患者病痛,使患者的治疗情况得到好转,减少了患者下肢出现动脉闭塞的情况,值得推广。     

Lowering of oxidative stress in hemodialysis patients by dialysate cleaning: in relation to arteriosclerosis

The objective of this study was to investigate changes in oxidative stress associated with the cleaning of the dialysate. Thirty-six dialysis patients were studied. Changes in soluble CD-14 (sCD-14), malondialdehyde-low-density lipoprotein (MDA-LDL), and oxidized-LDL (Ox-LDL) were monitored for 1 year before and 1 year after dialysate cleaning. The mean endotoxin (ET) level in the dialysate had previously been confirmed to decrease from 39.0 EU/L to an undetectable level after the cleaning. The mean levels of sCD-14, MDA-LDL, and Ox-LDL decreased significantly after the cleaning (sCD-14, P < 0.0001; MDA-LDL, P < 0.001; Ox-LDL, P < 0.001). One year after the cleaning, six cases still showed high levels of MDA-LDL and Ox-LDL. Cardiovascular events occurred in four of those six cases within 2.8 years after the cleaning. These four patients suffered from strong oxidative stress during dialysis, even after the cleaning. We therefore concluded that high levels of MDA-LDL and Ox-LDL are improved in dialysis patients by cleaning of the dialysate. These results indicate that even a dialysate containing 50 EU/L or less ET may stimulate monocytes and cause oxidative stress. They also suggest that even low levels of ET may aggravate arteriosclerosis in dialysis patients. Thus, in order to prevent cardiovascular events in dialysis patients, it is necessary to purify the dialysate.     

老年人脉压指数与颈动脉内膜中层厚度的关系

为了研究脉压指数与颈动脉内膜中层厚度的关系 ,对 334例老年人行颈动脉内膜中层厚度超声检测并进行测压 ,分别以脉压≤ 6 0mmHg、6 1～ 80mmHg、81～ 10 0mmHg及 >10 0mmHg和脉压指数≤ 0 .4 0 0、0 .4 0 1～ 0 .5 0 0、0 .5 0 1～ 0 .6 0 0及 >0 .6 0 0分为四个亚组进行分析。结果发现 ,随着脉压和脉压指数的增加 ,颈动脉内膜中层厚度和收缩压均随之增加 ,脉压指数组舒张压进行性下降 ;Spearman’s相关分析发现 ,颈动脉内膜中层厚度与脉压指数相关性最佳 ;多元逐步回归分析显示 ,颈动脉内膜中层厚度仅与脉压指数、年龄具有显著回归效果 ,脉压指数的标准回归系数远大于年龄。结果提示 ,在老年人中脉压指数评价血管硬化比脉压有一定的优越性     

美益康益心舒片治疗稳定性心绞痛的临床疗效及对动脉硬化程度的影响

目的分析研讨美益康益心舒片治疗稳定性心绞痛的临床疗效及对动脉硬化程度的影响。方法回顾分析某院2016年2月~2018年12月期间收治的70例稳定性心绞痛患者,按治疗方式分对照组(35例接受常规治疗)和研究组(35例接受常规治疗+美益康益心舒片治疗),比较两组患者治疗疗效、动脉硬化程度、症状改善情况等。结果研究组总疗效97.14%高于对照组77.14%(P<0.05)。治疗前组间baPWV、心绞痛发作频率、每次症状持续时间比较,两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗后,研究组baPWV、心绞痛发作频率、每次症状持续时间低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论稳定性心绞痛患者在常规治疗基础上,再接受美益康益心舒片治疗,可显著改善动脉硬化程度、疾病症状等,疗效突出。