石菖蒲、远志及其配伍对ox-LDL诱导人脐静脉内皮细胞损伤的影响

目的:观察石菖蒲、远志及其配伍对氧化型低密度脂蛋白（ox-LDL）诱导人脐静脉内皮细胞（HUVECs）损伤情况的影响。方法:2021年1月至8月,培养HUVECs,随机分为空白组、模型组和样品组,样品组中分别加入不同浓度（5、10、20 mg/ml）的石菖蒲、远志或石菖蒲+远志,对HUVECs增殖、相对活率试验、细胞凋...     

复方驱蚊精油化学成分分析及其驱避活性评价

[目的]分析由薄荷、浮萍、石菖蒲、迷迭香4种中药植物配伍而成的复方驱蚊精油的化学成分,并进行驱避活性评价。[方法]通过气质联用色谱技术（gas chromatography-mass spectrometer,GC-MS）分析复方驱蚊精油的化学成分,按照《空间驱避产品药效试验及评价（Y型管法）》,评价精油对白纹伊蚊成虫的驱避活性。[结果]鉴定出主要挥发性成分58种,占精油总成分的98.28%,萜类18种（44.99%）、烯烃类9种（20.27%）、酯类5种（14.07%）、芳香烃类8种（12.00%）、烷烃类7种（3.48%）、醇类9种（2.78%）、酮类2种（0.69%）。复方驱蚊精油对白纹伊蚊的驱避率（percent repellency,PR）平均达90%。[结论]复方驱蚊精油的化学成分较多,对白纹伊蚊起到驱避作用的可能有薄荷醇、薄荷酮、α-蒎烯等多种化学成分,平均驱避效果达到A级水平。     

The effect of Acorus gramineus on the bioavailabilities and brain concentrations of ginsenosides Rg1, Re and Rb1 after oral administration of Kai-Xin-San preparations in rats

Aim of the study

To investigate the effect of Acorus gramineus (AG), a supposed ‘delivering servant’ according to traditional Chinese medicine principles governing multi-herb formula preparation and formulation, on facilitating the uptake of ginsenosides Rg1, Re and Rb1 to the brain after oral administration of Kai-Xin-San (KXS) preparations.

Materials and methods

Ginseng extracts or KXS with or without AG were administered to rats for pharmacokinetic study and mice for behaviour tests at a dose of 3 g ginseng per kg. The concentrations of ginsenosides in plasma and brain were determined by an LC-MS/MS method, whilst the effects of preparations on spatial learning were evaluated using the Morris water maze test.

Results

KXS in the presence of AG tended to significantly reverse the learning impairment induced by scopolamine. The presence of AG in the KXS formula led to increases in the initial absorption rate and extent of Rg1 and Re in terms of Cmax1 and AUC_0-3 h compared to KXS without AG. Although KXS were found to increase the bioavailabilities and brain concentrations of ginsenosides relative to ginseng extract, the brain-to-plasma AUC_0-12 h ratios appeared not to be affected.

Conclusions

The results suggested that the presence of AG in the KXS formula promoted the initial absorption of ginsenosides Rg1 and Re in the gastrointestinal tract, but unlikely affected the brain-to-plasma AUC ratios.     

Anti-inflammatory activity of a water extract of Acorus calamus L. leaves on keratinocyte HaCaT cells

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Acorus calamus L., sweet flag, is a well-known medicinal plant that grows worldwide wildly along swamps, rivers, and lakes.

Aim of the study

The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of Acorus calamus leaf (ACL) extract and to explore its mechanism of action on human keratinocyte HaCaT cells.

Materials and methods

HaCaT cells treated with polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (polyI:C) and peptidoglycan (PGN) induced the inflammatory reactions. The anti-inflammatory activities of ACL were investigated using RT-PCR, ELISA assay, immunoblotting, and immunofluorescence staining.

Results

HaCaT cells induced the pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-8 (IL-8) and/or interleukin-6 (IL-6) expressions after treatment with polyI:C or PGN. ACL inhibited the expression of IL-8 and IL-6 RNA and protein levels, and attenuated the activation of NF-κB and IRF3 after polyI:C treatment. ACL also inhibited expression of IL-8 and activation of NF-κB following PGN induction.

Conclusions

These results suggest that ACL inhibits the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines through multiple mechanisms and may be a novel and effective anti-inflammatory agent for the treatment of skin diseases.     

石菖蒲挥发油β-环糊精、羟丙基-β-环糊精包合物的制备及稳定性

目的研究石菖蒲挥发油β-环糊精、羟丙基-β-环糊精的最佳包合工艺及包合物的稳定性。方法采用正交设计考察饱和水溶液法最佳包合工艺,以包合物含油率和挥发油包合率作为评价包合工艺的指标,采用HPLC法考察包合物稳定性。结果石菖蒲挥发油与β-环糊精、羟丙基-β-环糊精的最佳包合工艺均为:以1∶10的比例在30℃下搅拌1.5h包合,挥发油包合后稳定性显著增加。结论所得的最佳包合工艺稳定、可行,综合考虑包合工艺、包合物稳定性以及包合物的溶解性确定羟丙基-β-环糊精作为包合辅料。     

正交试验优选消郁安神胶囊中挥发油包合工艺

目的:优选消郁安神胶囊中广藿香、石菖蒲挥发油包合的最佳工艺。方法:采用饱和水溶液法进行包合,以挥发油包合率和收得率为指标,以β-环糊精(CD)与挥发油的比例、包合温度、包合时间为考察因素,采用正交试验优选包合工艺,并对包合物的物相进行差示扫描量热(DSC)测定。结果:优选的包合工艺为水∶β-CD=10∶1,50℃搅拌1h,挥发油包合率达90%。DSC图谱显示,包合物已形成新的物相。结论:优选的包合工艺可制得稳定的分子间包合物,且挥发油包合率高。     

菖蒲属植物的化学成分及药理作用

菖蒲为较常用中药,具有多种药理及生理作用,含有单萜、倍半萜、苯丙素等挥发油成分及黄酮、醌、生物碱、有机酸、氨基酸、糖等非挥发性成分。本文就此对菖蒲属植物的化学成分与药理作用研究状况进行论述,为今后该属植物的进一步研究开发提供依据。     

Protective effect of Acorus calamus L. in rat model of vincristine induced painful neuropathy: An evidence of anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activity

The study investigates the protective effect of Acorus calamus L. (AC) in vincristine-induced painful neuropathy. Vincristine (75 μg/kg, i.p. for 10 consecutive days) was administered to induce painful neuropathy in rats. Various tests were performed to assess the degree of painful neuropathy at different days i.e., 0, 1, 7, 14, and 21st day. Sciatic nerve TNF-α, superoxide anion generation, total calcium, and myeloperoxidase activity level were also estimated after 21st day of study. Hydro-alcoholic extract of AC (HAE-AC, 100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.) and pregabalin (10 mg/kg, p.o.) were administered for 14 consecutive days. Vincristine significantly induced neuropathic pain manifested in the terms of thermal hyperalgesia and allodynia (increase in hind paw licking, lifting or jumping from hot plate); mechanical hyperalgesia (increase in left hind paw lifting duration in pin-prick test) and allodynia (left hind paw withdrawal reflexes to non-noxious stimuli in Von Frey test); and sciatic functional index (analysis of footprints of the feet) along with rise in the levels of various biochemicals. HAE-AC attenuated vincristine induced behavioral, and biochemical changes comparable to that of pregabalin (positive control). HAE-AC attenuated vincristine induced painful neuropathy, which may be attributed to its multiple effects including anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and calcium inhibitory actions.     

石菖蒲成分及药理作用的研究概况

石菖蒲为一味开窍醒神的良药,其有效成分多为挥发油.石菖蒲挥发油对交感神经系统具有兴奋、抑制的双向调节作用,除有较好的益智、脑保护作用外,对心血管系统也有明显的保护作用,还能平喘、增强肠管蠕动等.该文对石菖蒲挥发油的基本成分、药理作用等进行综述,以期为石菖蒲的研究和合理用提供参考和依据.     

The Rhizomes of Acorus gramineus and the Constituents Inhibit Allergic Response In vitro and In vivo

The rhizomes of Acorus gramineus have frequently been used in traditional medicine mainly for sedation as well as enhancing brain function. In this study, the anti-allergic activity of A. gramineus was investigated. The 70% ethanol extract of the rhizomes of A. gramineus was found to inhibit the allergic response against 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX)-catalyzed leukotriene (LT) production from rat basophilic leukemia (RBL)-1 cells and β-hexosaminidase release from RBL-2H3 cells with IC₅₀’s of 48.9 and >200 μg/ml, respectively. Among the 9 major constituents isolated, β-asarone, (2R,3R,4S,5S)-2,4-dimethyl-1,3-bis (2'',4'',5''-trimethoxyphenyl)tetrahydrofuran (AF) and 2,3-dihydro-4,5,7-trimethoxy-1-ethyl-2-methyl-3-(2,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)indene (AI) strongly inhibited 5-LOX-catalyzed LT production in {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"A23187","term_id":"833253","term_text":"A23187"}}A23187-treated RBL-1 cells, AI being the most potent (IC₅₀=6.7 μM). Against β-hexosaminidase release by antigen-stimulated RBL-2H3 cells, only AI exhibited strong inhibition (IC₅₀=7.3 μM) while β-asarone and AF showed 26.0% and 39.9% inhibition at 50 μM, respectively. In addition, the ethanol extract of A. gramineus showed significant inhibitory action against the hapten-induced delayed hypersensitivity reaction in mice by oral administration at 200 mg/kg. Therefore, it is suggested that A. gramineus possesses anti-allergic activity and the constituents including β-asarone and AI certainly contribute to the anti-allergic activity of the rhizomes of A. gramineus.