外阴接触性皮炎的发生及正确评估

女性外阴瘙痒是皮肤科及妇产科门诊的常见症状,外阴接触性皮炎是最常引起外阴瘙痒症状的原因之一。文中就外阴皮肤对于接触性刺激及过敏的敏感性,刺激性接触性皮炎(irritant contact dermatitis,ICD)及过敏性接触性皮炎(allergic contact dermatitis,ACD)的发病情况,外阴药物接触性皮炎及如何正确认识和评估外阴接触性皮炎等方面进行综述。     

Use of cyanoacrylate in the coaptation of edges of surgical wounds

Cyanoacrylate has been used in several fields of different surgical specialties as an adhesive for closure of gingival flaps and in mucous and cutaneous lacerations. One of its advantages is that it has an excellent immunological response. In view of aesthetic needs, cyanoacrylate has been applied with satisfactory results, when compared with sutures. It presents better coaptation of edges of cutaneous and mucosal lesions, smaller residual scars, and biocompatibility. However, it is limited to areas of little tissue tension. This work attempts to provide a literature review with the aim of revealing the advantages of using tissue adhesives, especially cyanoacrylates, in wound coaptation in comparison with conventional methods.     

Surgery for Crohn Colitis Over a Twenty-Eight-Year Period: Fewer Stomas and the Replacement of Total Colectomy by Segmental Resection

Background: This study describes how surgery for Crohn colitis developed between 1970 and 1997, towards the end of which period limited resection and medical maintenance treatment was introduced. Methods: A cohort of 211 patients with Crohn colitis (115 population-based), of which 84 had a primary colonic resection (42 population-based), was investigated regarding indication for surgery, the time from diagnosis to operation, type of primary colonic resection, risk for permanent stoma and medication over four 7-year periods. Results: Comparison of the periods 1970-90 and 1991-97 revealed that active disease as an indication for surgery decreased from 64% to 25% ( P < 0.01) while stricture as an indication increased from 9% to 50% ( P < 0.001). Median time from diagnosis to operation increased from 3.5 to 11.5 years ( P < 0.01). Proctocolectomy or colectomy fell from 68.8% to 10% of the primary resections, whereas segmental resection increased from 31.2% to 90%. At the end of the first 7-year period, 26% had medical maintenance treatment, steroids or azathioprine taken by 7%. Corresponding figures for the last period were 70% and 49%. Patients diagnosed during the last two time-periods had less risk for surgery ( P = 0.017), permanent stoma ( P < 0.01) and total colectomy ( P < 0.01). Findings were similar in the population-based cohort. Conclusions: Current management of Crohn colitis implies a longer period between diagnosis and surgery, a reduced risk for surgery and permanent stoma, and the replacement of total colectomy by segmental resection.     

神经外科手术部位感染抗生素耐药因素研究

通过回顾分析我院41例神经外科手术部位感染患者抗生素耐药情况,探讨影响神经外科手术部位感染抗生素耐药的因素。结果表明神经外科手术部位感染抗生素耐药因素复杂,主要与个体差异有关,老年患者耐药危险性较高。     

结肠癌完整结肠系膜切除术摄像系统在外科学教学中的应用

目的 以学习结肠癌完整结肠系膜切除术为目的,比较传统现场手术观摩教学方法和现场手术录像教学方法的不同效果.方法 以北京大学人民医院2010级外科学专业硕士研究生40人为研究对象.随机将这些实习学生分为实验组和对照组,其中实验组20人,采用现场手术录像教学方法；对照组20人,采用传统现场手术观摩教学方法.两组学生入学成绩差异无统计学意义,所用教材、教学大纲、教学时数与教学目标均相同.教学结束后,采用问卷调查、考核等主客观评价指标考察教学效果.结果 与对照组学生比较,实验组学生在教学中能够主动提出问题,积极参与讨论,激发了学习兴趣.问卷调查结果显示,学生对现场手术录像教学方法满意度高于传统现场手术观摩教学方法.比较两组学生的考试成绩,实验组学生的平均成绩明显优于对照组学生(P＜0.05).结论 外科手术中手术现场录像教学方法与传统手术观摩教学方法相比优势明显,医学生能够更好地了解和掌握结肠癌完整结肠系膜切除术.     

Evaluation of clinical tools and their diagnostic use in distal symmetric polyneuropathy

AimsTo compare the diagnostic usefulness of tuning fork, monofilament, biothesiometer and skin biopsies in peripheral neuropathy in individuals with varying glucose metabolism.MethodsNormoglycaemic, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) individuals were recruited. Nerve conduction studies (NCS) and thermal threshold tests were performed. Vibrotactile sense was tested with a biothesiometer and a 128-Hz tuning fork. Touch/pressure perception was examined with a 10-g monofilament. Skin biopsies were performed and intraepidermal nerve fibres were quantified. Distal symmetric polyneuropathy (DSPN) was defined as neuropathy disability score ≥2 and abnormal NCS. Thermal threshold tests were used to define small nerve fibre neuropathy (sDSPN) in cases where NCS (large nerve fibres) were normal.ResultsThe prevalence of DSPN and sDSPN in the whole group (n = 119) was 18% and 23%, respectively. For the biothesiometer, a cut-off of ≥24.5 V had a sensitivity of 82% and specificity of 70% (AUC = 0.81, 95% CI 0.71–0.91) when evaluating DSPN. An intraepidermal nerve fibre density cut-off of ≤3.39 fibres/mm showed a sensitivity of 74% and specificity of 70% in the detection of sDSPN, whereas the sensitivity of the tuning fork and the biothesiometer were relatively low, 46% and 67%, respectively. When combining skin biopsies with the tuning fork, 10 more sDSPN cases were identified. Adding skin biopsy to the combination of the tuning fork and biothesiometer increased the sensitivity of finding sDSPN cases, but not DSPN, from 81% to 93%.ConclusionUsing a biothesiometer in clinical routine might be a sensitive method to detect large nerve fibre dysfunction in the lower extremity, whereas skin biopsies in combination with methods measuring vibrotactile sense could increase the diagnostic sensitivity of detecting peripheral neuropathy at an early stage.     

Porphyria cutanea tarda and Sjogren's syndrome

Porphyria cutanea tarda is prevalent in connective tissue disease, common in systemic lupus erythematosus. However, the co-existence of primary sjogren''s syndrome and porphyria cutanea tarda is rare and poses diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. We report a case of porphyria cutanea tarda associated with primary sjogren''s syndrome.     

Physical prognostic factors predicting outcome following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: A systematic review and narrative synthesis

BackgroundAnterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are common. Many patients undergo ACL reconstruction (ACLR), with rehabilitation key to successful outcome. Understanding physical prognostic factors is integral to clinical decision-making, but factors predicting outcome are inadequately defined. The objective was to establish physical prognostic factors predicting outcome following ACLR.MethodsA systematic review following a published protocol (CRD42019127732) searched MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, key journals and grey literature to November 28, 2020. Prospective cohort studies, participants ≥16 years of age who had undergone ACLR were included, with multi-ligament and/or ACL repair surgery, and studies not published in English excluded. Two independent reviewers conducted searches, extracted data, assessed risk of bias (QUIPS) and overall quality of evidence (GRADE). Meta-analysis was not possible, therefore narrative synthesis was performed.Results13 studies (16 articles) were included (1 low, 12 high risk of bias). Low-level evidence supports postoperative degenerative changes and poor lower-limb strength predicting poorer outcome long term (KOOS). Very low-level evidence supports greater postoperative quadriceps strength predicting improved functional performance medium term; with lower body mass index predicting improvement of multiple outcome measures.ConclusionLimited evidence of low or very low-level indicates multiple prognostic factors predicting outcome following ACLR. A high-quality prognostic study is required.