腰穿脑脊液置换疗法治疗蛛网膜下腔出血43例临床分析

1995年1月至1999年10月份,我们采用腰穿脑脊液(CSF)置换疗法治疗蛛网膜下腔出血(SAH)43例,现报告如下。1临床资料1.1病例选择43例均为蛛网膜下腔出血,年龄29~80岁,平均53.6岁,采用脑脊液置换治疗。对照组44例,男25例,女19例。年龄23~65岁,平均50·2岁,均在发病24小时内入院。1.     

神经导航辅助下经单鼻腔蝶窦入路切除垂体腺瘤

目的评价神经导航系统在经单鼻腔蝶窦人路垂体腺瘤切除手术中的应用。方法24例病人术前行MRI或CT连续薄层扫描,将影像学资料输入Brain LAB Vector Vision神经导航系统进行三维重建,标记出肿瘤及重要结构后,设计最佳手术入路,术中在导航的引导下定位蝶窦前壁、鞍底、海绵窦、颈内动脉和斜坡等结构,切除肿瘤。结果24例患者均在神经导航引导下经鼻蝶入路顺利到达肿瘤部位；注册误差0．3～2．0mm,平均(1．21±0．39)mm；肿瘤全切除19例,次全切除3例,大部分切除2例；术后19例病人症状有不同程度的改善,5例无变化,术后无严重并发症出现。结论神经导航辅助下经鼻蝶垂体腺瘤切除术具有定位准确、创伤小等优点．效果良好。     

鼻内窥镜在腺样体切除术后的应用

1998年5月以来,我们有选择地对102例腺样体肥大患者使用鼻内窥镜下切除术,现将结果报道如下。1资料与方法1·1临床资料102例中男78例,女24例,3~17岁,病程6月~5年,单纯腺样体肥大72例,腺样体肥大伴分泌性中耳炎20例,伴化脓性中耳炎10例。患者均有不同程度地鼻塞、打鼾、憋气、张     

鼻内窥镜下鼻腔泪囊造孔T型管置入术

经鼻内窥镜下鼻腔泪囊开放加“T”型管置入术治疗慢性泪囊炎合并鼻腔鼻窦病变，疗效比传统的鼻外进路手术有较大提高，即避免了颜面部的手术瘢痕，出血少，创伤小，又可以克服因术后随访不及时，鼻腔粘连等阻塞泪囊口导致手术失败。我科于2004年7月-2005年5月共收治慢性泪囊炎合并鼻腔鼻窦病变患者27例，现报告如下。     

鼻内窥镜围手术期的护理

鼻内窥镜手术以其照明良好、术野清晰、操作精确以及损伤小、安全、可靠等优点,在慢性鼻窦炎和鼻息肉的治疗方面取得良好的效果,提高了手术治愈率,降低了复发率.我们近年来在临床实践中,总结了鼻内窥镜术围手术期的护理体会,现介绍如下.     

神经肽Y在中枢神经系统疾病患儿血浆和脑脊液中的变化与意义

近年来神经生物学领域的一个重大突破是神经肽的研究取得的进展。神经肽Y（neuropeptide Y，NPY）是新发现的一种神经肽，具有调节血压、生物节律和内分泌功能等多种生物效应。有关小儿中枢神经系统疾病患儿脑脊液中NPY的变化研究尚少。为探讨NPY在中枢神经系统疾病患儿脑脊液中的变化与临床意义，笔者对26例中枢神经系统疾病患儿不同时期的脑脊液和血浆NPY水平进行了研究。     

脑室置管和腰椎穿刺行脑脊液置换治疗严重蛛网膜下腔出血44例报告

自1997年1月至2004年8月,我们应用侧脑室外引流和腰椎穿刺放液、脑脊液置换治疗严重自发性蛛网膜下腔出血(SAH)44例,效果良好。现报道如下。1临床资料1.1一般资料本组男24例,女20例;年龄18岁~74岁,平均58岁,其中60岁以上20例,占45.4%。全部病人均行多次脑CT检查,均有广泛蛛网膜     

低颅压综合征1例报告

低颅压综合征并非少见,常被误诊,尤其是当腰穿见到血性脑脊液时,常被诊断为蛛网膜下腔出血,而进行很多不必要的检查,给病人及家属造成过重负担。现将笔者遇到的1例低颅压综合征病例报告如下。1临床资料患者女,40岁。既往健康,无头部外伤史和腰穿史。入院3天前跑步后发生额部疼痛,为持续性疼痛,恶心、呕吐2次,无发热和周身不适;卧床时头痛明显减轻,坐起或站立后头痛很快加重。在厂医院对症治疗不见好转来诊。来诊时查体:意识清楚,血压正常,未查到任何神经系统阳性体征。头颅CT未见异常。腰穿脑脊液:初压为60 mm H2O,脑脊液黄染,常规检查蛋…     

Clearance of beta- amyloid from the CSF by the choroid plexus： implications in drug development for treatment of Alzheimer＇s disease

The formation of insoluble aggregates of beta - amyloid peptide （ A ） within the brain extracellular fluid is a critical event in the etiology of Alzheimer＇s disease （AD）. In theory, an unbalanced A kinetics can be due to its over production, inadequate metabolic cleaning, or an improper balance of import or export of A or related molecules at brain barriers. We investigated the role of the choroid plexus, which forms a barrier between blood and brain cerebrospinal fluid （ CSF）, in regulating A in the CSF. A uptake from CSF was determined as its volume of distribution （ VD ） into isola- ted rat choroid plexus tissue by using [^125I] A 1-40 and along with a extracellular space marker [^14C ] sucrose. The choroid plexus exhibited a definite capacity in sequestering [^125I] A 1-40 from the surrounding CSF. Uptake of [^125I] A by the choroid plexus was saturable, time - and temperature - dependent, and not ttffected by addition of transthyretin or apolipoprotein E3. Studies with cultured monolayers of primary choroid epithelial cells indicated that A permeability across cells, corrected by [ ^14C] sucrose, was greater from the CSF -facing membrane than from the blood -facing membrane. Similarly, cellular accumulation of [ ^125 I ] A was concentrative from both directions and was greater from the CSF -facing membrane. Quantitative real- time RT- PCR, immunodetection and enzyme activity assays further revealed the presence of several key enzymes involved in A production, e. g. , amyloid precursor protein and beta - secretase, and in A metabolism and alternate processing, e. g. , insulin degrading enzyme, endothelin - converting enzyme - 1, neprilysin and alpha - secretase. Overall, these results suggest the choroid plexus selectively cleanses A from the CSF by an undetermined mechanism （s） ; moreover, it has the capacity to degrade A , suggesting a vital role of this tissue in maintaining A homeostasis. The perspectives of drug development for treatment of AD by reducing A from brain extracellular fluid as a new strategy will be discussed.     

鼻舒丸制备与临床应用

鼻舒丸是我院药剂科和鼻病专科根据中医理论联合研制的，笔者长期从事中药处方及制剂研究工作，发现其治疗鼻炎和鼻窦炎疗效显著，现总结如下：