韩研制出针对炭疽热的有效解毒剂

据医学空间网1月19日报道，韩国一家生物科学公司己研制出针对炭疽热的有效解毒剂，计划于年内开展临床实验。     

^1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy screening for animals with acute cerebral infraction suitable forthrombolytic therapy

BACKGROUND: As a non-invasive technique which can provide comprehensive biological information, 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) may provide valuable reference data for irreversible recovery or reversible changes in ischemic tissue after stroke. OBJECTIVE: To monitor and evaluate the effect of the urokinase thrombolytic therapy after experimental acute cerebral ischemia by 1H-MRS technology and investigate its adaptability. DESIGN: Randomly controlled animal study. SETTINGS: Shenzhen Hospital of Peking University and National Key Laboratory of Pattern and Atom & Molecular Physics, Wuhan Physics and Mathematics Institute, Chinese Academy of Science. MATERIALS: Eleven healthy adult Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, weighing 260–300 g and of both genders, were supplied by Experimental Animal Center of Tongji Medical Collage, Huazhong University of Science and Technology [SCXK (e) 2004-007]. 4.7T superconducting nuclear magnetic resonance meter was provided by Brucker Company. METHODS: The experiment was carried out in Shenzhen Hospital of Peking University and National Key Laboratory of Pattern and Atom & Molecular Physics, Wuhan Physics and Mathematics Institute, Chinese Academy of Science from August 2003 to December 2005. ① The rats were randomly divided into 30-minute self-thrombo-embolism group (n =6) and 60-minute self-thrombo-embolism group (n =5). Six rats in 30-minute self-thrombo-embolism group were occluded with clot embolus for 30 minutes and 5 rats in 60-minute self-thrombo-embolism group were occluded for 60 minutes. 10 000 U/kg urokinase was dissolved in 2 mL saline and the operation lasted for 5 minutes. ② 1H-MRS was performed before thrombolysis and at 3 hours and 24 hours after successful embolization. The metabolic changes of N-acetyl-L-aspartic acid (NAA)/phosphocreatine (PCr) + creatine (Cr), choline phosphate (Cho)/PCr+Cr and lactic acid (Lac)/PCr+Cr in the region of interests were analyzed. ③ The T2W image was conducted 24 hours after the thrombolytic therapy with TR=500 ms and TE=25 ms. ④ The subjects were sacrificed immediately after 1H-MRS and the brain tissues were cut into pieces and stained with HE method; in addition, pathological changes were observed under optic microscope. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Metabolic changes of NAA/PCr+Cr, Cho/PCr+Cr and Lac/PCr+Cr in the region of interests; ② T2W image at 24 hours after the thrombolysis; ③ pathological observation of brain tissue. RESULTS: Eleven rats were all involved in the final analysis. ① Metabolic changes in the region of interests : In 30-minute self-thrombo-embolism group, the Lac peak emerged immediately after the embolism, but the ischemic zone decreased 3 hours after the thrombolytic therapy (0.252±0.01, 0.603±0.01, P < 0.01). Lac/(PCr+Cr) ratio was 0.290±0.01 at 24 hours after thrombolysis, which was higher than that at 3 hours after thrombolysis (P < 0.01). The NAA/ (PCr+Cr) ratio decreased significantly at 3 hours after the thrombolysis as compared with that before thrombolysis (0.922±0.16, 1.196±0.01, P < 0.05). In 60-minute self-thrombo-embolism group, the Lac/(PCr+Cr) ratio was higher at 3 hours after thrombolysis than that before thrombolysis (0.846±0.12, 0.601±0.11, P < 0.05) and the NAA/(PCr+Cr) decreased at 3 hours after the embolism. Fluctuation of NAA/ (PCr+Cr) ranged from 0.68 to 0.75 before thrombolysis and from 0.71 to 0.75 at 3 hours after thrombolysis. ② T2W image: T2W image showed that 2 subjects in 30-minute self-thrombo-embolism group whose Lac/NAA was higher than 0.7 suffered from intracranial hemorrhage. This meant that the subjects with Lac/NAA > 0.7 were more likely to suffer from intracranial hemorrhage. ③ Histological and morphological examinations: Optic microscope demonstrated that interspace surrounding nerve cells was widened at ischemic center; neurons were swelling; nucleus was stained lightly; pyknosis and mesenchymal edema were mainly observed in lateral cortex of brow and vertex and in lateral part of corpus striatum. CONCLUSION: ①Compound parameters in ischemic area before thrombolysis should be regarded as an important predicting marker for thrombolytic therapy, effect evaluation and termination. ② 1H-MRS combining with other imaging technique is a detecting way for screening cases who are suitable for thrombolytic therapy.     

血液病教学体会

造血系统疾病亦即血液系疾病是内科学中的重要组成部份,同时与其他学科密切相关。它主要由红细胞、白细胞及出凝血系统三大部份构成,而其中的缺铁性贫血、再生障碍性贫血、急慢性白血病和淋巴瘤等更是由于人们膳食结构的不重视、药物的滥用以及各类污染的加重,发病率呈上升趋势     

氨气敏电极法快速测定血氨

本文介绍使用氨气敏电极,采用标准曲线法简便、快速、准确测定血氨的方法。取空腹血1ml,用1M HClO_4沉淀蛋白,以0.1M NH_4Cl—0.6MNa_2SO_4作内充液,碱化后的上清液可在2～3min内测试完毕。40例正常成人血氨的测定结果:■=31.4μmol/L N;S=6.4μmol/L N;■±2S(正常值范围)为18.6～44.2μmol/L N。10份血样的平均回收率为100.4％。该法用血少、简便、快速;结果较稳定、准确,适用于临床检验。     

对药代动力学实验的两点改进

通过具体的实验数据，讨论在药代动力学实验中如何加入曲线下面积（AUC）的计算，以帮助学生理解并掌握这一概念；在实验室设置不同剂量组，给药后比较剂量与浓度是否呈等比例关系，以此加深学生对于一级动力学消除及其临床意义的理解。     

CT导引经皮穿刺注射无水乙醇治疗溶骨性骨转移瘤

目的探讨CT导引下经皮穿刺注射无水乙醇（CT～PEI）治疗溶骨性骨转移瘤的价值及安全性。方法对17例骨转移瘤患者（25个病灶）采用CT—PEI治疗，使用无水乙醇和超化碘油10：1的混合剂，用CT精确定位、准确穿刺瘤灶并密切监控无水乙醇弥散情况及用量，以减少并发症。对接近椎管及椎间孔的病灶，采用利多卡因实验性治疗以避免严重并发症。术前及术后定期CT检查，3例病人行同位素骨扫描检查，与治疗前检查进行对照研究。对患者随访3～30个月观察其临床疗效。结果所有患者经1次CT—PEI治疗后，疼痛即明显减轻，经2～3次CT-PEI治疗后疼痛完全缓解（CR）16例（24处病灶），疼痛部分缓解（PR）1例。术后随访3个月时，23处病灶内肿瘤组织均发生坏死，被高密度碘油混合液均匀浸润。其中，9处病灶体积缩小。随访3～30个月，除1例因周边出现新的肿瘤浸润灶而再次出现疼痛，其余病例转移瘤处止痛效果无反复。所有病例无严重并发症。结论CT—PEI是一种治疗骨转移瘤有效、微创、安全、简便的方法，使骨转移瘤内肿瘤组织坏死，最大限度的杀灭肿瘤细胞，从而达到满意的止痛效果，明显改善恶性肿瘤溶骨性转移病人的生活质量。     

多发性骨髓瘤患者血浆尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物及其可溶性受体的检测与临床意义

目的 :研究多发性骨髓瘤 ( MM)患者血浆尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物 ( u- PA )及其可溶性受体 ( su PAR )的水平变化 ,并探讨其临床意义。方法 :用 ELISA法检测 34例 MM患者血浆 u- PA及 su PA R的浓度 ,同时观察其中6例 MM患者化疗前后血浆 u- PA及 su PAR的浓度变化。结果 :MM患者血浆 u- PA及 su PA R水平均明显高于正常对照组 ,其中进展期 MM患者血浆 u- PA及 su PAR水平明显高于正常对照组和稳定期 MM患者 ( P <0 .0 1) ,而稳定期 MM患者血浆 u- PA及 su PA R水平与正常对照组无显著性差异 ( P>0 .0 5)。 6例 MM患者化疗后血浆 u- PA及 su PA R水平 ,明显低于化疗前血浆 u- PA及 su PAR水平 ( P<0 .0 5)。骨髓涂片瘤细胞比例 >2 0 %的 MM患者血浆 u- PA及 su PA R水平 ,明显高于瘤细胞比例≤ 2 0 % M M患者 ( P<0 .0 5;P<0 .0 1)。M M患者血浆 u- PA及su PA R水平均与骨髓瘤细胞百分比及血清球蛋白呈正相关 ,而与血清白蛋白呈负相关。结论 :血浆 u- PA及 su PA R水平升高可能与多发性骨髓瘤的发生、发展有密切关系 ;其水平可作为临床分期、判断疗效、了解疾病进展情况及预后的一个重要指标。     

泮托拉唑钠维生素K3治疗胆汁反流性胃炎探讨（附60例临床分析）

我院自2005年4月至2007年3月对60例胆汁反流性胃炎的患者，采用泮托拉唑钠肠溶维生素K3治疗，取得显著疗效，现报告如下。