银杏叶提取物对缺血再灌注鼠脑保护作用的研究

目的探讨中药银杏叶提取物对鼠缺血再灌注脑损伤的脑保护作用。方法采用磁共振成像与波谱技术分别对缺血再灌注组及银杏叶提取物组鼠脑组织缺血、水肿及N-乙酰天门冬氨酸(NAA)与乳酸(Lac)等代谢产物变化进行观察和比较。结果在缺血60min再灌注1h、3h、6h银杏叶提取物均能减小高信号区的体积,有效减少脑缺血后Lac/磷酸肌酸和肌酸(PCr Cr)比值的上升和NAA/(PCr Cr)比值的下降,与缺血再灌注组相比较差异有极显著性(均P<0·01)。结论银杏叶提取物具有显著的缺血后脑保护作用;磁共振成像与波谱技术可为缺血再灌注后中药脑保护剂作用机制的研究提供精确的神经影像学信息。     

[31P]/[1H] Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Study of Mitigating Effects of GYKI 52466 on Kainate-Induced Metabolic Impairment in Perfused Rat Cerebrocortical Slices

Summary: Purpose: Kainic acid (KA) has long been used in experimental animals to induce status epilepticus (SE). A mechanistic implication of this is the association between ex-citotoxicity and brain damage during or after SE. We evaluated KA-induced metabolic impairment and the potential mitigating effects of GYKI 52466 [1-(4-aminophenyl)-4-methyl-7,8-methylenedioxy-5H-2,3-benzodiazepine] in superfused rat cerebral cortical slices. Methods: Interleaved [³¹P]/[¹H] magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) was used to assess energy metabolism, intra-cellular pH (pH_i), N-acetyl-L-aspartate (NAA) level, and lactate (Lac) formation before, during, and after a 56-min exposure to 4 mM KA in freshly oxygenated artificial cerebrospinal fluid (OXY-ACSF). Results: In the absence of GYKI 52466 and during the KA exposure, NAA, PCr, and ATP levels were decreased to 91.1 ± 0.8, 62.4 ± 3.9, and 59.1 ± 4.3% of the control, respectively; Lac was increased to 118.2 ± 2.1%, and pH, was reduced from 7.27 ± 0.02 to 7.13 2 0.02. During 4-h recovery with KA-free ACSF, pH_i rapidly and Lac gradually recovered, NAA decreased further to 85.5 ± 0.3%, and PCr and AW showed little recovery. Removal of Mg²⁺ from ACSF during KA exposure caused a more profound Lac increase (to 147.1 ± 4.0%) during KA exposure and a further NAA decrease (to 80.4 ± 0.5%) during reperfusion, but did not exacerbate PCr, ATP, and pH, changes. Inclusion of 100 μM GYKI 52466 during KA exposure significantly improved energy metabolism: the PCr and ATP levels were above 76.6 ± 2.1 and 82.0 & 2.9% of the control, respectively, during KA exposure and recovered to 101.4 ± 2.4 and 95.0 ± 2.4%, respectively, during reperfusion. NAA level remained at 99.8 ± 0.6% during exposure and decreased only slightly at a later stage of reperfusion. Conclusions: Our finding supports the notion that KA-induced SE causes metabolic disturbance and neuronal injury mainly by overexcitation through non-N-methy1-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor functions.     

氟西汀对脑卒中后抑郁患者海马磁共振氢质子波谱影响的研究

目的探讨氟西汀对脑卒中后抑郁患者海马氢质子磁共振波谱(~1 H-MRS)影响的特点。方法以60例脑卒中后抑郁患者为研究组,研究组给予氟西汀抗抑郁治疗8周,以62名脑卒中患者为对照组。采用~1 H-MRS检测脑卒中后抑郁患者(研究组)治疗前后及脑卒中患者(对照组)双侧海马的N-乙酰基天门冬氨酸(NAA)、胆碱复合物(Cho)与肌酸复合物(Cr),以NAA/Cr值和Cho/Cr值进行统计分析。结果研究组治疗前后左右侧海马NAA/Cr值(分别为1.22±0.31和1.19±0.42,1.46±0.35和1.43±0.41)均低于对照组(分别为1.69±0.33和1.66±0.47),差异有统计学意义(均P0.05);研究组治疗前后左右侧海马Cho/Cr值(分别为1.58±0.39和1.59±0.46,1.55±0.43和1.53±0.42)高于对照组(分别为1.26±0.42和1.31±0.47),差异有统计学意义(均P0.05);研究组治疗后左右侧海马NAA/Cr值(分别为1.46±0.35和1.43±0.41)均高于治疗前(分别为1.22±0.31和1.19±0.42),差异有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论氟西汀可能改变脑卒中后抑郁患者海马神经元的代谢异常。     

氢质子磁共振波谱在儿童创伤性颅脑损伤的应用

目的 探讨氢质子磁共振波谱( 1H-MRS)分析对儿童创伤性颅脑损伤(TBI)受伤程度及预后的临床价值.方法 对20例儿童TBI病人(TBI组)和10例正常儿童志愿者(正常对照组)进行1H-MRS检查,观察两组病侧与对侧N-乙酰天门冬氨酸(NAA)、胆碱(Cho)、肌酸(Cr)、乳酸(Lac)及NAA/Cr、NAA/Cho、Cho/Cr比值的变化,分析这些指标与GCS及GOS评分的相关性.结果 与正常对照组比较,TBI组NAA/Cho、NAA/Cr比值明显下降(P＜0.05),而Cho/Cr比值明显升高(P＜0.05);TBI组出现Lac峰1例,最终死亡.而NAA/Cr、NAA/Cho比值变化与GCS评分呈负相关(r=-0.59,P＜0.05),与GOS 呈正相关(r=0.63,P＜0.05);TBI组Cho/Cr比值与GCS评分呈正相关(r=0.57,P＜0.05),与GOS评分呈负相关(r=-0.69,P＜0.05).结论 1H-MRS对判断颅脑损伤的受伤程度及预后有重要参考价值.     

N-Acetylaspartate and creatine levels measured by (1)H MRS relate to recognition memory

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the relationship between recognition memory and metabolite levels in medial structures of the temporal lobes in the living human brain. METHODS: Proton MRS ((1)H MRS) and the intracarotid amobarbital test were performed in 16 epileptic patients found suitable for temporal lobectomy. All patients had mesial temporal sclerosis. Metabolite ratios between N:-acetylaspartate (NAA), creatine and phosphocreatine (Cr + PCr), and choline-containing compounds (Cho) [NAA/(Cr + PCr), NAA/Cho, and NAA/(Cr + PCr + Cho)] were calculated for (1)H MRS voxels that included the amygdala, anterior half of the hippocampus, and underlying subiculum. Metabolite ratios were correlated with unilateral memory scores estimated by the intracarotid amobarbital test for words, objects, faces, and total score. RESULTS: The total memory score, memory for objects and faces, and NAA/(Cr + PCr) were significantly lower for the hemisphere ipsilateral to the resection. The asymmetry indexes for NAA/(Cr + PCr) correlated with asymmetry indexes for words (rho = 0.82, p = 0.0001) and total memory (rho = 0. 72, p = 0.002). Analysis of memory scores and metabolite ratios from all 32 hemispheres revealed a correlation between NAA/(Cr + PCr) and memory for words (rho = 0.45, p = 0.009). A correlation between memory for words and NAA/(Cr + PCr) existed in the contralateral (rho = 0.58, p = 0.019) and in the right (rho = 0.51, p = 0.045) hemispheres, and a trend was found in the left hemispheres (rho = 0. 48, p = 0.06). CONCLUSION: There is a correlation between memory for words and the NAA/(Cr + PCr) ratio from medial temporal structures in patients with mesial temporal sclerosis. The findings suggest that medial temporal structures and adjacent neocortex play a significant role in recognition memory in humans, particularly for words.     

正常人丘脑质子磁共振波谱分析

背景：磁共振波谱使神经影像学从单纯形态学观察进入到分子水平上的探索,有研究利用磁共振波谱发现疾病发生时丘脑生化代谢物质与正常人存在差异。 目的：利用氢质子磁共振波谱(1H-MRS)观察正常人的丘脑代谢特点,为正常人及脑部疾患的相关治疗提供客观依据。 设计、时间及地点：自身对照,横断面调查,于2007-08/2008-08在解放军第九一中心医院影像中心完成。 对象：选择解放军第九一中心医院附近社区的精神正常的居民及学生共56名,男32名,女24名。所有受检者或其监护人均对调查方案知情同意,并签署知情同意书, 方法：采用1.5T超导型磁共振成像系统,入组24 h后采用多体素1H-MRS检测丘脑生化代谢物N-乙酰天冬氨酸、胆碱复合物与肌酸复合物。 主要观察指标：用随机软件测量N-乙酰天冬氨酸、胆碱复合物、肌酸复合物的峰下面积,以肌酸复合物峰为参照,计算机自动完成N-乙酰天冬氨酸/肌酸复合物值、胆碱复合物/肌酸复合物值、N-乙酰天冬氨酸/(胆碱复合物+肌酸复合物)值的计算。 结果：正常人丘脑1H-MRS左侧N-乙酰天冬氨酸/肌酸复合物、N-乙酰天冬氨酸/(胆碱复合物+肌酸复合物)高于右侧,胆碱复合物/肌酸复合物低于右侧,但差异但差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。经Pearson分析,丘脑双侧各观察指标与年龄均无相关性(P > 0.05);不同性别间比较,男性组左右两侧N-乙酰天冬氨酸/肌酸复合物、右侧胆碱复合物/肌酸复合物、左侧N-乙酰天冬氨酸/(胆碱复合物+肌酸复合物)均高于女性组,余观察指标低于女性组,但差异均无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。 结论：正常人丘脑代谢物双侧无差异,代谢物水平可能并不受性别和年龄的影响。     

颞叶癫(癎)与磁共振质子波谱及利物浦(癎)性发作严重程度量表的研究

目的 评价磁共振质子波谱扫描与利物浦癎性发作严重程度量表对颞叶癫癎的诊断价值。方法 采用磁共振成像和质子波谱对15例颞叶癫癎患者及15例健康志愿者进行检测，并用量表对患者做进一步评估。结果 癫癎组病侧NAA/（Cr＋Cho）比值明显低于对侧以及正常组（P〈0.01），后二者比较差异无显著性（P〉0.05）；病侧NAA/（Cr＋Cho）比值与LSSS2.0评分分数呈显著正相关（r=0.969，P〈0.05）。结论 磁共振质子波谱较磁共振成像更能早期、准确地反映癫癎的脑损伤，LSSS2.0评分与NAA/（Cr＋Cho）比值能一致反映脑损伤的严重程度。     

Measurement of regional N-Acetylaspartate after transient global ischemia in gerbils with and without ischemic tolerance: An index of neuronal survival

We investigated the correlation between N-acetylaspartate (NAA) level and neuronal density in the hippocampal CA1 region of the brain after occlusion of both common carotid arteries for 5 minutes and reperfusion for 3 hours to 4 weeks in gerbils with and without ischemic preconditioning (tolerance). Animals were divided into four groups—the sham operated group, the nonpreconditioning (non-p) group, the single-preconditioning (single-p) group with 2-minute ischemia once 2 days before 5-minute ischemia, and the double-preconditioning (double-p) group with 2-minute ischemia twice 2 days before 5-minute ischemia (n = 6 for each group). The CA1 region was dissected out from freeze-dried sections for high-performance liquid chromatographic assay of NAA, and adjacent sections were stained with cresy1 violet for measurement of the neuronal density. Both NAA (pmol/μg dry weight) and the neuronal density (cells/mm) decreased in the non-p group after 3 days (NAA = 24.0 ± 3.0; neuronal density = 65 ± 38 cells/mm) and 7 days (NAA = 17.9 ± 2.5; neuronal density = 20 ± 15 cells/mm) and in the single-p group after 7 days (26.4 ± 3.0, 106 ± 30) compared with the control group (NAA = 32.9 ± 3.0; neuronal density = 203 ± 9 cells/mm). There was no decrease in the double-p group. The NAA level and the neuronal density showed a good linear correlation. The regional NAA level may be used as an index of neuronal viability.     

Prefrontal and medial temporal correlates of repetitive violence to self and others.

BACKGROUND: The neurobiological basis for violence in humans is poorly understood, yet violent behavior (to self or others) is associated with large social and healthcare costs in some groups of patients (e.g., the mentally retarded). The prefrontal cortex and amygdalo-hippocampal complex (AHC) are implicated in the control aggression, therefore we examined the neural integrity of these regions in violent patients with mild mental retardation and nonviolent control subjects. METHODS: We used (1)H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to measure 1) concentrations and ratios of N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), creatine phosphocreatine (Cr+PCr), and choline-related compounds (Cho) in prefrontal lobe of 10 violent inpatients and 8 control subjects; 2) ratios of NAA, Cr+PCr, and Cho in the AHC of 13 inpatients and 14 control subjects; and 3) frequency and severity of violence in patients. RESULTS: Compared to control subjects, violent patients had significantly (p <.05, analysis of covariance-age and IQ as confounding covariates) lower prefrontal concentrations of NAA and Cr+PCr, and a lower ratio of NAA/Cr+PCr in the AHC. Within the violent patient group, frequency of observed violence to others correlated significantly with prefrontal lobe NAA concentration (r = -0.72, p <.05). CONCLUSIONS: NAA concentration indicates neuronal density, and Cr+PCr concentration high-energy phosphate metabolism. Our findings suggest that violent patients with mild mental retardation have reduced neuronal density, and abnormal phosphate metabolism in prefrontal lobe and AHC compared to nonviolent control subjects. Further studies are needed, however, to determine if these findings are regionally specific, or generalize to other groups of violent individuals.     

精神分裂症患者前额叶和丘脑的质子磁共振波谱研究

Objective To identify the metabolite levels in prefrontal lobe and thalamus in patients with schizophrenia by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS). Methods Thirty-eighty schizophrenics and 38 normal controls were involved in this study. A multi-voxel 1H-MRS was given to all the subjects on prefrontal lobe and thalamus within 24 hours they got in hospital. The N-acetylaspartate (NAA), choline-congtaining compounds (Cho), and creatine compounds (Cr) were measured and the ratios of NAA/Cr, Cho/Cr and NAA/( Cho + Cr) were determined Results In left prefrontal lobe and bilateral thalamus, the NAA/Cr ratio in patients demonstrated lower than that in normal controls ( all P <0. 05). In left prefrontal lobe, the NAA/(Cho + Cr) ratio in patients showed lower than that in normal controls (0. 64 ±0. 13 vs. 0. 74±0. 22,t =2. 26, P<0. 05). Both in patients and in normal controls, there were no significant differences in NAA/Cr, Cho/Cr and NAA/(Cho + Cr) between the two sides (all P >0. 05). Conclusious Abnormalities in neuronal function and/or integrity are present in schizophrenics.There is no significantly lateralized asymmetry for metabolite levels such as NAA, Cho and Cr in either the schizophrenics or the controls.     

Application of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy on substantia nigra metabolites in Parkinson’s disease

This study investigates changes in substantia nigra metabolites in Parkinson’s disease (PD) using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹H- MRS). Thirty patients with asymmetric PD and 20 normal controls were included in this study. Substantia nigra metabolites were detected in all subjects using 3D-multimer ¹H-MRS with a 3.0 T MRI scanner. The relative ratios of NAA/Cr, NAA/Cho, NAA/(Cho + Cr) in the substantia nigra were compared between two sides of asymmetric PD patients as well as between PD patients and controls. Significant differences in NAA/Cr, NAA/Cho, NAA/(Cho + Cr) were observed between PD patients and healthy controls (P?<?0.05) as well as between the ipsilateral and contralateral of affected extremity in PD patients (P?<?0.05). Significant differences in NAA/Cr, NAA/Cho, NAA/(Cho + Cr) were also observed between patients with mild and severe PD. Thus, we found that ¹H-MRS can be used to detect substantia nigra metabolites in PD patients, which may be useful for early diagnosis and evaluation of PD.     

急性热应激与热惊厥幼龄大鼠海马ZnT3 mRNA表达和代谢变化的1H-MRS波谱研究

目的 探讨氢质子磁共振波谱分析(1H-MRS)结合神经病理手段对急性热应激(HS)和热惊厥(FC)后脑神经元代谢和损伤的早期检测价值.方法 采用热水浴诱导21 d龄大鼠FC模型,应用1H-MRS检测HS和FC后脑内N-乙酰天门冬氨酸(NAA)、复合胆碱(Cho)、肌酸(Cr)和乳酸(Lac)含量的变化,原位杂交检测海马锌离子转运体3(ZnT3)mRNA表达.结果 MRS检测结果显示对照组、HS组与FC组NAA/Cr比值分别为1.50±0.42,1.57±0.50和1.61±0.37,Cho/Cr比值分别为0.93±0.27,1.13±0.17和1.28±0.31,各组间差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);Lac/Cr仅见于FC组,为0.64±0.23.FC组海马齿状回检测到ZnT3 mRNA表达.结论 Lac波峰是惊厥性神经元损伤的特征性1H-MRS变化;ZnT3与海马苔藓纤维再生性发芽密切相关;单次短暂的FC发作也能使脑神经元早期发生不同于HS的显著的神经活性物质表达和物质代谢的变化,对脑神经元造成一定的损伤.     

人脐血间充质干细胞移植对脑梗死兔神经功能障碍和头部核磁共振波谱的影响

目的观察人脐血间充质干细胞移植对缺血再灌注兔神经功能障碍和头部核磁共振波谱参数的影响。方法采集足月新生儿脐带血60~80 ml,分离h UCB-MSCs,并体外培养。将造模成功的大脑中动脉栓塞模型30只兔随机分为脑梗死组、干细胞组、生理盐水组,每组10只,后两组移植人脐血间充质干细胞和生理盐水。移植48 h、2 w时,采用Purdy评分进行神经损害严重程度评估,行核磁共振及氢质子核磁共振波谱检查,进行梗死体积、及梗死中心区N-乙酰天门冬氨酸、胆碱和肌酸等代谢物含量的测定。结果与脑梗死组及生理盐水组相比,干细胞组NSS评分较低,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);生理盐水组与脑梗死组NSS评分无明显差异(P0.05)。与脑梗死组和生理盐水组相比,干细胞组梗死体积明显减小(P0.05)。与假手术组相比,干细胞组、脑梗死组与生理盐水组NAA/Cr、Cho/Cr比值均明显下降,Lac/Cr比值均显著上升(P0.01);但干细胞组NAA/Cr、Cho/Cr比值显著高于脑梗死组及生理盐水组(P0.05),Lac/Cr比值显著低于后两组(P0.05);而生理盐水组NAA/Cr、Cho/Cr、Lac/Cr比值与脑梗死组之间无明显差异(P0.05)。结论脐血间充质干细胞移植能提高脑梗死兔脑NAA/Cr、Cho/Cr比值,降低Lac/Cr比值,缩小梗死范围,明显改善兔神经功能。     

Characterization of cerebral small vessel disease by proton spectroscopy and morphological magnetic resonance

This study sought to investigate whether clinical and neuropsychological impairment in cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) can be evaluated by proton spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS) and structural magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Sixteen patients with CSVD and 15 healthy age-matched controls participated in the study. In addition to spectroscopic and structural MR examination all patients underwent a comprehensive clinical and neuropsychological investigation. Significant differences in between patients and controls were revealed by (1)H-MRS in the parietal white matter: decreased metabolic ratios of N-acetyl aspartate to choline (NAA/Cho; patients: 1.37 +/- 0.17, control: 1.72 +/- 0.25, p < 0.001) and of N-acetyl aspartate to creatin (NAA/Cr; patients: 1.41 +/- 0.15, control: 1.66 +/- 0.2, p < 0.01) indicated a pathological state. Evaluation of spectroscopic and neuropsychological data revealed a close relation between attentional impairment, i.e. delayed cerebral transmission time and decreased NAA/Cho and NAA/Cr (r = 0.62, p = 0.014). In sum, (1)H-MRS allowed a clear discrimination between patients with CSVD and age-matched normal controls. Moreover, comparisons of (1)H-MRS and neuropsychological data suggested that NAA metabolic levels, and particularly the delay in cerebral transmission time, could be potential predictors of the severeness of attentional impairment.     

磁共振波谱检测肌萎缩侧索硬化的上运动神经元损害

目的探讨质子磁共振波谱(proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy,1 H-MRS)检测肌萎缩侧索硬化(amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,ALS)的上运动神经元损害(upper motor neuron,UMN)的特点和诊断准确性。方法收集ALS患者31例和健康对照32名,采用1 H-MRS检测脑中央前回皮质下、内囊后肢和大脑脚感兴趣区代谢产物N-乙酰天冬氨酸(NAA)、胆碱(Cho)、肌酸(Cr)的水平,计算NAA/Cr、NAA/(Cho+Cr)、Cho/Cr比值,采用受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线分析1 H-MRS对ALS患者UMN损害的诊断价值。结果 ALS患者各锥体束走行部位和部位组合的NAA/Cr和NAA/(Cho+Cr)较对照组显著降低(P0.05)。NAA比值预测ALS的UMN损害的ROC曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)为0.67~0.91,其中内囊后肢、大脑脚两部位的平均NAA/(Cho+Cr)和三部位的平均NAA/(Cho+Cr)的AUC、灵敏度、特异度分别为0.91、0.828、0.906和0.90、0.769、0.875。结论 1 H-MRS可检出ALS患者锥体束走行的生化代谢异常,是评估ALS的UMN损害的客观影像学指标,其诊断准确性中等,多水平检测和综合指标的选择有助于提高其诊断效力。     

老年期抑郁症患者海马磁共振质子波谱研究

目的:探讨老年期抑郁症患者海马的磁共振质子波谱(1H-MRS)特点。方法:应用1H-MRS成像技术检测11例晚发性抑郁症患者(患者组)予文拉法辛缓释剂治疗6周前后两侧海马头、体、尾部N-乙酰天门冬氨酸(NAA)、胆碱(Cho)和肌酸(Cr)3种代谢物,计算NAA/Cr和Cho/Cr比值。并且与15名健康对照者(对照组)的检测结果进行比较。结果:治疗前后患者组右侧海马头部NAA和Cho含量及左侧海马头部Cho含量均显著低于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。患者组右侧海马头部Cho/Cr治疗前显著低于对照组(P<0.05),治疗后较治疗前显著升高(P<0.05),并且与对照组的差异无显著统计学意义(P>0.05)。患者组右侧海马体部Cho含量治疗前显著低于对照组(P<0.05),治疗后右侧海马体部NAA/Cr和Cho/Cr显著高于治疗前,与对照组的差异无显著统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:老年期抑郁症患者可能存在左右两侧海马头部细胞膜代谢异常,右侧海马头部神经元活力下降。     

Influences of dopaminergic treatment on motor cortex in Parkinson disease: a MRI/MRS study.

The objective of this study was to investigate neurochemical and metabolic changes in the motor cortex in a group of de novo Parkinson's disease (PD) patients before and after 6 mo treatment with the dopamine agonist pergolide. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) has been used to study striatal and cortical metabolism in PD and other parkinsonisms. So far, no studies evaluating possible brain metabolic changes in PD patients before and after dopaminergic therapy have been reported. De novo PD patients (11) and controls (11) underwent clinical evaluation (UPDRS-III motor evaluation) and a first single-voxel 1H-MRS of the motor cortex. 1H-MRS studies were performed using the PROBE-SV System implemented on a 1.5 Tesla Scanner (GE Medical System, Milwaukee, WI). Pergolide was administered up to a dose of 1 mg t.i.d. After 6 mo follow-up, all patients were clinically evaluated and a second single-voxel 1H-MRS was performed. Lower values of Cho/Cr and NAA/Cr ratios were observed in the motor cortex of PD patients compared with controls (P < 0.02 and P < 0.01, respectively). After 6 mo therapy with pergolide (1 mg t.i.d), PD patients showed an improvement in motor performances (P < 0.05) and an increase in Cho/Cr ratios in the motor cortex at the second 1H-MRS evaluation (P < 0.05) was reported. In conclusion, cortical NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr ratios may be impaired in de novo PD. Dopaminergic therapy capable of improving motor function may restore the Cho/Cr ratio in the motor cortex.     

癫痫复杂部分性发作患者认知功能与海马质子磁共振波谱改变相关性分析

目的 探讨癫痫复杂部分性发作(CPS)患者认知功能损害的特点以及磁共振波谱(MRS)检查与认知功能的相关性.方法 对45例癫痫CPS患者和16例健康对照组进行临床记忆量表、瑞文标准推理测验的测评,~1H-MRS检测双侧海马,比较2组间2项测验分值及~1H-MRS结果,并对记忆商、智商与海马~1H-MRS结果进行相关性分析.结果 CPS组多项量表分值、记忆商、智商明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),CPS组N-乙酰天门冬氨酸(NAA)及NAA/[胆碱(Cho)+肌酸(Cr)]明显低于对照组,Cr、Cho明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).CPS组记忆商、智商与NAA浓度、NAA/(Cho+Cr)均呈正相关(P<0.05),与Cho浓度呈负相关(P<0.05),与Cr浓度无明显相关性(P>0.05).结论 CPS患者存在短时记忆功能障碍和抽象思维、判断推理能力的下降,其认知功能障碍与海马NAA、Cho浓度及NAA/(Cho+Cr)的相关性表明~1H-MRS检查可成为早期发现CPS患者认知功能情况的一项重要检查,其与神经心理学测验联合应用可早期、准确地发现CPS患者的认知功能障碍.     

Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in diagnostics of tumorous and nontumorous lesions in brain

Whether proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) can be used in the diagnosis of tumorous and nontumorous lesions of the brain was studied. The results of studies were analyzed in 80 patients, including 54 patients with brain tumors (astrocytomas and meningiomas), 20 with nontumorous lesions of the brain, and 6 apparently healthy individuals (controls). The nontumorous lesions of the brain involved cerebral circulatory disorders as ischemia (n = 14) and postradiation changes (n = 6). The studies were performed on a 1.5-T Signa-Horizont magnetic resonance tomograph by using the PROBE/SV programme package. The peak ratios of the following metabolites: N-acetylaspartate (NAA), choline (Cho), creatine, lactate (Lac), lipids (Lip) were examined in the spectra obtained. The spectra of astrocytomas showed a reduced peak of NAA, an elevated peak Cho; there was an increase in the peak of Lac along with higher tumor malignancy stage. The spectra of meningiomas presented a high peak of Cho along with a noticeable reduction in the peaks of other metabolites, the peak of NAA was not visualized. In ischemic lesion of the brain, the peak of Lac appeared within the first hours when the peaks of other metabolites were unchanged. A rise in the peak of Lac and a reduction in that of other metabolites were detectable with time. In radiation-induced lesions, the spectrum displayed a high peak of Lac and the peak of Lip appeared with virtually complete reduction in the peaks of other metabolites. 1H-MRS should be considered as an axillary technique used in combination with routine MRI in the diagnosis of various lesions of the brain, which can estimate chemical compositions, time-course of metabolic changes in the study tissue.     

Metabolic properties of band heterotopia differ from those of other cortical dysplasias: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study

PURPOSE: To assess the biochemical properties of band heterotopia in comparison with other cortical developmental malformations (CDMs) by using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS). METHODS: We performed localized single-voxel 1H-MRS studies on 13 patients [five band heterotopia (BH), two focal cortical dysplasia (CD), two unilateral CD, one bilateral perisylvian dysplasia, three hemimegalencephaly]. CDMs other than BH were categorized as CD. Spectra were acquired from volumes of interest (VOIs) localized in the CD and in normal-appearing cortex on the contralateral side. In BH patients, the VOIs were the external cortex and the laminar heterotopia. For the BH study, spectra also were obtained from the cortex of age-matched normal volunteers. RESULTS: The spectra of CD lesions were characterized by significantly lower ratios of N-acetyl aspartate to creatine (NAA/Cr) and by higher choline to Cr (Cho/Cr) ratios than in the contralateral remote cortex (p = 0.01 and 0.01, respectively). The NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr ratios of the external cortex of BH were not significantly different from those of normal volunteers. The NAA/Cr ratio of the laminar heterotopia was not significantly different from that of the external cortex (p = 0.12) or normal volunteers (p = 0.60), whereas Cho/Cr was significantly higher in laminar heterotopias than in the external cortex (p = 0.04) or controls (p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: 1H-MRS can distinguish between the metabolic properties of BH and CD.