辅助生殖技术中异常子宫内膜诊疗的中国专家共识解读

辅助生殖技术(ART)问世的40余年来,周期成功率也跟随时代步伐前进。在实验室技术日趋稳定的今天,临床实践中子宫内膜容受性对胚胎种植率的影响逐步受到重视,对于异常子宫内膜的诊治需求越来越大,因此中华医学会生殖医学分会专家组参考国内外现有研究结果及疾病最新分类分型制定了《辅助生殖技术中异常子宫内膜诊疗的中国专家共识》。     

脂联素对高脂饮食诱导的胰岛素抵抗子宫内膜癌裸鼠移植瘤生长的影响

目的 探讨脂联素对高脂饮食诱导裸鼠胰岛素抵抗子宫内膜癌移植瘤生长的影响。方法 40只裸鼠随机分成高脂组和普食组，每组20只，分别喂养高脂饲料（high-fat diet，HFD）和普通饲料（normal diet，ND），10周后测定裸鼠空腹血糖（fasting blood glucose，FBG）和空腹血胰岛素（fasting serum insulin，FINS）水平，计算胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR），建立胰岛素抵抗裸鼠模型。第11周接种子宫内膜癌HEC-1B细胞，待瘤体长至0.5 cm时，两组随机选取10只裸鼠腹腔注射脂联素（adiponectin，APN）分为HFD+APN组、ND+APN组；其余裸鼠分别注射0.9%氯化钠分为HFD组、ND组；14周后，测定各组血糖和血脂的代谢情况。结果 高脂组裸鼠10周后的平均体重、体长、FBG、FINS、HOMA-IR均大于普食组，糖耐量试验和胰岛素耐量试验结果显示血糖水平亦高于普食组（均P＜0.05）；接种子宫内膜癌HEC-1B细胞后均成瘤，建模成功。HFD+APN组和ND+APN组移植瘤平均重量和体积增长速度均分别低于HFD组和ND组（均P<0.05）。HFD组和HFD+APN组14周后的FINS、HOMA-IR、TC和TG均较ND组和ND+APN明显升高（均P<0.01），且HFD组明显高于HFD+APN组（均P<0.01）；HFD+APN组的血脂联素水平低于ND+APN组（P<0.01），HFD组则低于ND组（P<0.05）。结论 脂联素可改善高脂饮食导致的胰岛素抵抗，抑制子宫内膜癌移植瘤生长。     

胞宫胞脉胞络理论与子宫内膜容受性关系探析

胞宫胞脉胞络理论是中医基于脏腑理论对女子生殖功能的基本认识.子宫体、宫颈、卵巢、输卵管、盆壁及其相关的血管、神经、韧带及受体当属胞宫、胞脉、胞络功能范畴.胞脉和胞络属于胞官的一部分.胞脉、胞络将脏腑化生之气血全面布散于胞官,心、肾通过胞脉、胞络与胞官相联系."精满" "血足"是良好子宫内膜环境的体现.肾气亏损,胞脉失疏,冲任不充,胞官瘀滞,藏泻失序,表现为子宫内膜较薄及血供不足,不利于孕卵的着床.治疗子宫内膜容受性低下应予补肾气,通胞脉,自拟二补助育汤,可以改善子宫内膜血液循环,增加子宫内膜厚度,提高辅助妊娠成功率.     

子宫内膜异位症组织细胞超微结构、细胞凋亡变化及Rac1、Cdc42表达的意义

目的探究子宫内膜异位症(EMs)组织细胞超微结构、细胞凋亡变化及Rac1、Cdc42的表达意义,为子宫内膜异位症的治疗寻找新的靶点。方法选取30例卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿患者的异位囊肿组织作为EMs异位内膜组,对应的30例增生期子宫内膜组织作为EMs在位内膜组,另选择30例正常增生期子宫内膜组织作为正常组。电镜下观察子宫内膜细胞超微结构,流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率,免疫组化Envision法检测子宫内膜组织中Rac1、Cdc42表达情况并进行半定量分析,Western blot定量和实时定量PCR法分别检测子宫内膜组织中Rac1、Cdc42蛋白表达情况和Rac1、Cdc42 mRNA表达情况。结果相对于正常组,EMs异位内膜组和EMs在位内膜组细胞超微结构上均存在不同程度的凋亡异常改变,以细胞核、细胞器形态结构异常最为明显。EMs异位内膜组和EMs在位内膜组细胞凋亡率均明显低于正常组(P均0.05),EMs异位内膜组和EMs在位内膜组比较差异无统计学意义。免疫组化与Western blot检测结果显示,Rac1、Cdc42相对表达量EMs异位内膜组明显高于EMs在位内膜组(P均0.05),EMs在位内膜组明显高于正常组(P均0.05)。实时定量PCR检测结果显示,Rac1、Cdc42 mRNA相对表达量EMs异位内膜组明显高于EMs在位内膜组(P均0.05),EMs在位内膜组明显高于正常组(P均0.05)。结论子宫内膜异位症组织细胞超微结构异常,细胞凋亡减少,且组织中存在Rac1、Cdc42大量表达,其信号途径可能参与子宫内膜异位症发生、转移,为子宫内膜异位症的治疗提供了新的靶点。     

基于子宫内膜异位症与恶性肿瘤的相关性探析补肾化瘀法作用机制及中医理论依据

子宫内膜异位症其异位内膜组织虽然在形态学上呈良性表现，却具有类似恶性肿瘤的生物学特性。中医学一般认为，“正虚伏邪”为恶性肿瘤的病机特点；那么，肾虚血瘀既属于“正虚伏邪”的范畴，又体现了EMs发病学和疾病发生、发展过程中的主要特点。在“病证相应”的中医治则之下，补肾化瘀法的临床疗效主要表现为：缓解痛经症状、提高受孕率，以及调整月经周期。本文基于EMs与恶性肿瘤的相关性，通过分析补肾化瘀法治疗EMs的理论依据及其抑制异位内膜侵袭的调控机制，主要包括解除免疫抑制、阻断局部微血管新生等，旨在阐明其疗效显著的原因，为临床推广提供可靠的基础研究证据。     

卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿粘连程度及相关因素分析

Objective To investigate the relationship between degree of endometrioma adhesions and clinical feature, surgical treatment and postoperative recurrence. Methods From Jan 2003 to Mar 2008, 662 patients with endometrioma undergoing laparoscopic ovarian endometrioma excision in Peking Union Medical College Hospital were studied retrospectively. All patients were classified into four groups according to the extent of adhesions: 31 cases in none adhesions group, 123 cases in mild adhesions group (filmy thickness, avascular, easily separated adhesions), 310 cases in moderate adhesions group (less than a half of ovary was adjacent to dense thickness adhesions which was difficult to separate, or above a half of ovary were adjacent to filmy thickness adhesions) and 198 cases in severe adhesions group (above a half of ovary was adjacent to dense thickness, well vascularized adhesions which was difficult to separate, and always involved the other pelvic organs, observed angiogenesis). The comparison of degree, characteristics, period of pain, lab test, surgical management and postoperative recurrence was performed among those above groups. In the mean time, risk factors and multinomial logistic regression were analyzed. Results (1)Clinical characteristics: The incidence of patients with dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, straining feeling in anus, chronic pelvic pain and the level of CA125 (>35 kU/L) was remarkably higher in moderate-to-severe adhesion groups than in none-to-mild adhesions groups (P=0.000, 0.000, 0.001, 0.006 and 0.000, respectively). Infertility rate were significantly higher in severe adhesions group(15.7%,31/198) than none adhesions group(3.2%,1/31), mild adhesions group(11.4%,14/123) and moderate adhesions group(9.7%,30/310, OR=1.728, P<0.05).(2)Operating time and blood loss: Operating time of each groups was as followed: (37±15) min in none adhesions group, (42±19) min in mild adhesions group, (50±20) min in moderate adhesions group and (63±22) min in severe adhesion group. Blood loss was (23±12) ml in none adhesion group, (31±27) ml in mild adhesion group, (40±32) ml in moderate adhesion group and (70±67) ml in severe adhesions group. Thicker adhesions result in longer operation time and more blood loss. (3)Combined with other disease: The ratio of patients who combined with adenomyosis or deeply infiltrating endometriosis in moderate-to-severer adhesion groups was higher than patients in none-to-mild adhesions groups (OR=3.466, P=0.000). (4) Postoperative recurrence: It was categorized into recurrence of pain and cyst. Moderate-to-severe adhesions was related to higher recurrence rate of pain (OR=1.685,P=0.046), but was irrelevant to recurrence of cyst. Conclusion The more extent of endometrioma adhesions was related to severer pelvic pain symptoms, longer operating time and more blood loss. Postoperative pain recurrence rate was observed in moderate-to-severe adhesion group. Extent of adhesions was irrelevant to cyst recurrence.     

腹腔镜辅助阴式子宫切除术39例临床分析

目的 探讨腹腔镜辅助阴式子宫切除术（LAVH）的临床应用价值、手术适应症、手术技巧，及并发症的防治。 方法 对39例有子宫切除指征的患者实施LAVH，观察手术时间，出血量，术后恢复及并发症发生情况。 结果 39例手术全部成功，平均手术时间79（40-100）min，术中平均出血量90（30～260）ml，术后平均住院时间4．8d。1例膀胱损伤，2例阴道残端出血，术后经治疗痊愈。结论 LAVH是一种安全有效的手术方法，具有创伤小、出血少、恢复快、适应证广等优点，具有广阔的临床应用前景。     

输卵管卵巢脓肿的CT诊断价值

目的 总结分析女性输卵管卵巢脓肿的CT特征，以寻求和探讨鉴别诊断依据及CT诊断的价值。方法 回顾性分析10例输卵管卵巢脓肿患者CT腹盆腔增强扫描资料。结果 10例患者CT均显示附件区厚壁囊性或囊实混合性肿块，肿块外缘模糊毛糙，增强多见脓肿壁呈厚壁分层强化及内部强化分隔。其他伴随的CT表现：子宫骶骨韧带增厚9例，直肠周围、骶前脂肪密度增高模糊9例，显示输卵管扩张积脓或积液的管状结构影6例，宫腔积液4例。CT观察到脓肿与盆腔结构粘连包括：肿块与子宫粘连者9例，与直肠、乙状结肠粘连者4例，与盆腔小肠肠管及盆壁结构广泛粘连3例；显示腹膜增厚伴腹水及右侧输卵管卵巢脓肿伴阑尾炎各2例。结论 CT除了能观察附件区囊实性肿块，还能显示相邻盆腔器官的受累粘连及盆底软组织或筋膜层的炎性浸润，能对附件脓肿做定性和定位诊断，对诊断不清的可疑妇科感染有鉴别价值。     

不同术式治疗子宫恶性肿瘤的护理比较

腹腔镜手术治疗子宫恶性肿瘤是我科在1999年8月在国内首例开展的手术,现已广泛应用.针对该手术的特点,在护理上与开腹手术治疗子宫恶性肿瘤进行了比较,使护理工作对两种术式的病人有针对性、有重点地进行.