Increased cathepsin D protein expression is a biomarker for osteosarcomas,pulmonary metastases and other bone malignancies

Cancer proteomics provide a powerful approach to identify biomarkers for personalized medicine. Particularly, biomarkers for early detection, prognosis and therapeutic intervention of bone cancers, especially osteosarcomas, are missing. Initially, we compared two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE)-based protein expression pattern between cell lines of fetal osteoblasts, osteosarcoma and pulmonary metastasis derived from osteosarcoma. Two independent statistical analyses by means of PDQuest^® and SameSpot^® software revealed a common set of 34 differentially expressed protein spots (p < 0.05). 17 Proteins were identified by mass spectrometry and subjected to Ingenuity Pathway Analysis resulting in one high-ranked network associated with Gene Expression, Cell Death and Cell-To-Cell Signaling and Interaction. Ran/TC4-binding protein (RANBP1) and Cathepsin D (CTSD) were further validated by Western Blot in cell lines while the latter one showed higher expression differences also in cytospins and in clinical samples using tissue microarrays comprising osteosarcomas, metastases, other bone malignancies, and control tissues. The results show that protein expression patterns distinguish fetal osteoblasts from osteosarcomas, pulmonary metastases, and other bone diseases with relevant sensitivities between 55.56% and 100% at ≥87.50% specificity. Particularly, CTSD was validated in clinical material and could thus serve as a new biomarker for bone malignancies and potentially guide individualized treatment regimes.     

The influence of precursor addition order on the porosity of sol–gel bioactive glasses

Objective

The superior textural properties of sol–gel derived bioactive glasses compared to conventional melt quench glasses accounts for their accelerated bioactivity in vitro. Several studies have explored ways to improve the surface properties of sol–gel glasses in order to maximise their efficiency for bone and tooth regeneration. In this study, we investigated the effect of order of network modifying precursor addition on the textural properties of sol–gel derived bioactive glasses.

郑寿全《医理真传》贵“中”思想浅探

通过分析郑寿全《医理真传》,认为郑氏虽为"火神派"的代表,虽然擅用姜、附、桂,但是其更加重视中土脾胃,即贵"中"。贵"中"思想更能代表郑氏的学术思想。提出贵"中"思想可以使我们更加全面地认识和继承郑氏的学术思想。     

复方芦荟凝胶对放射性皮炎大鼠模型作用的研究

目的:通过建立大鼠Ⅱ度放射性皮炎动物模型,研究复方芦荟凝胶对大鼠放射性皮炎的作用。方法:在整理归纳相关文献的基础上,通过改变照射方式,以大鼠为实验动物,建立Ⅱ度放射性皮炎的SD大鼠模型,分为模型组,正常组(基质),阳性药组(三乙醇胺乳膏400 g·kg-1),复方芦荟凝胶高、中、低(600,400,200 g·kg-1)剂量组,连续治疗14 d后,以创面愈合率、创面形态学观察、创面病理组织学观察为考察指标,对复方芦荟凝胶的药效学实验进行研究。结果:与正常组比较,模型组创面红肿面积较大,创面分泌物较多,无结痂,愈合率较低(P0.01);与模型组比较,三乙醇胺乳膏组、复方芦荟凝胶高、中剂量组之间的创面愈合率明显增加(P0.01),且均能加速创面愈合,减少创面分泌物。组织病理学显示,模型组创面损伤较明显,三乙醇胺乳膏组、复方芦荟凝胶高、中剂量组均能减轻创面损伤。结论:复方芦荟凝胶高、中剂量与市售三乙醇胺乳膏药效相当,对大鼠放射性皮炎均有较好的治疗效果。     

Salivary proteome patterns of individuals exposed to High Altitude

ObjectiveIdentification of molecular signatures having key roles in hypobaric hypoxia by analysing the salivary proteome. Saliva holds a promising future in the search for new clinical biomarkers that are easily accessible, less complex, accurate, and cost effective as well as being non-invasive.MethodologyWe employed qualitative proteomics approach to develop discriminatory biomarker signatures from human saliva exposed to hypobaric hypoxia. Salivary proteins were analyzed and compared between age-matched healthy subjects exposed to high altitude (∼13700 ft) for seven days (HAD7) with control subjects at sea level (Normoxia) by using 2-Dimensional gel electrophoresis/Mass Spectrometry approach.ResultsSeveral proteins with significant differential expression were found. The up-regulated proteins were apoptosis inducing factor-2, cystatin S, cystatin SN and carbonic anhydrase 6. The down regulated proteins were polymeric immunoglobulin receptor, alpha-enolase and prolactin-inducible protein. Further confirmation of the altered proteins such as alpha enolase, carbonic anhydrase 6, prolactin-inducible protein, apoptosis inducing factor 2, cystatin S and cystatin SN were performed using immunoblotting. The expression patterns of the selected proteins observed by immunoblot were in concurrence with 2-Dimesional gel electrophoresis results, therefore affirming the authenticity of the proteomic investigation.ConclusionThis study provides the proof of concept of salivary biomarkers for the non-invasive detection of hypobaric hypoxia induced effects. It is highly feasible to turn these biomarkers into an applicable clinical test after large scale validation.     

温经止痛凝胶膏剂的促渗剂优选

目的:优选温经止痛凝胶膏剂中促渗剂的种类及用量。方法:采用改良Franz扩散池,以离体小鼠腹部皮肤为屏障,采用HPLC检测不同促渗剂种类、比例及用量对温经止痛凝胶膏剂中藁本内酯累积透皮量、透皮吸收速率、增渗倍数等参数的影响,流动相甲醇-水(80∶20),检测波长328 nm。结果:氮酮和丙二醇联用的促渗效果明显优于其他几种促渗剂,确定氮酮与丙二醇的用量比(2∶1),总用量4%。藁本内酯24 h的累计透皮量84.16μg·cm-2,透皮速率常数3.28μg·cm-2·h-1,增渗倍数3.33。结论:氮酮和丙二醇组合的透皮促渗效果显著,可作为温经止痛凝胶膏剂的促渗剂。     

改良CTAB法提取新疆一枝蒿干叶基因组DNA

目的:从自然干燥的新疆一枝蒿中提取高质量的基因组DNA,为该药材的分子生物学研究提供参考。方法:采用2种改良十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)法与常规CTAB法提取新疆一枝蒿中基因组DNA,通过加适量聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)研磨样本,在核裂解前用细胞核裂解液(STE)洗涤多酚类和多糖类物质,利用95%乙醇室温沉淀DNA等措施。改良CTAB法2与1相比不用液氮研磨样本。通过琼脂糖凝胶电泳、紫外分光光度法和相关序列扩增多态性(SRAP)检测提取DNA的质量。结果:2种改良CTAB法所得DNA质量均优于常规CTAB法,DNA完整性较好,A260 nm/A280 nm在1.8~2.0,多糖类杂质去除较为干净。SRAP检验条带清晰、多态性良好。结论:2种改良CTAB法均适用于高质量新疆一枝蒿干叶基因组DNA的提取,得到的DNA纯度和完整性均较理想,可为后续分子生物学研究提供良好模版。     

HPLC同时测定甘蒲祛斑凝胶中甘草素、异甘草素、甘草查尔酮A的含量

目的: 建立同时测定甘蒲祛斑凝胶中甘草素、异甘草素、甘草查尔酮A含量的方法。方法: 采用高效液相色谱法,Agilent HC-C₁₈色谱柱 (4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm),流动相0.05%磷酸水(A)-乙腈(B)梯度洗脱(0~4 min,80%A;4~18 min,80%~65% A;18~22 min,65%~62% A;22~25 min,62% A,25~30 min,62%~55% A;30~35 min,55% A,35～45 min,55%~50% A;45~50 min,50%~55% A;50~60 min,55%~80% A),柱温30 ℃,流速0.8 mL·min^-1,检测波长276,368 nm。结果: 甘草素、异甘草素、甘草查尔酮A的线性范围分别为0.050 4~0.403 2 (r=1),0.039 4~0.315 2 (r=1),1.638~8.192 μg (r=0.999 9);甘草素平均回收率为98.81%,RSD 1.7%;异甘草素平均回收率为99.16%,RSD 1.2%;甘草查尔酮A平均回收率为97.68%,RSD 1.0%。结论: 该方法简便、灵敏度高、专属性强,可用于甘蒲祛斑凝胶中3种指标性成分的含量测定。     

苦参凝胶联合氟康唑胶囊治疗霉菌性阴道炎的临床观察

霉菌性阴道炎为妇科常见病、多发病,临床易反复发作,给患者带来极大痛苦。本研究通过观察苦参凝胶联合氟康唑胶囊治疗霉菌性阴道炎的临床疗效,旨在寻求一种治疗霉菌性阴道炎的有效方法。笔者将2012年12月—2014年7月本院就诊的85例霉菌性阴道炎患者随机分为治疗组43例和对照组42例,治疗组给予苦参凝胶阴道上药,每晚1次,每次1支,7 d为1个疗程,连用14 d,同时口服氟康唑胶囊治疗,每次150 mg,每3天1次,共4次;对照组单纯给予口服氟康唑胶囊治疗。观察2组患者的总体疗效、治愈率、复发率及临床症状改善情况。结果显示治疗组和对照组的总有效率、治愈率和复发率分别为97.7%,90.7%,2.6%;83.3%,71.4%,20.0%。2组相比差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗组的白带减少、外阴瘙痒消失、外阴阴道疼痛消失及黏膜充血消失的时间明显少于对照组,差异亦具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结果表明,苦参凝胶联合氟康唑胶囊治疗霉菌性阴道炎使全身用药与局部用药相结合,可提高药物抗真菌活性,明显改善患者临床症状,缩短病程,提高治愈率、降低复发率,值得在临床推广应用。