医院图书馆与医务人员卫生法学教育

为了改变卫生人员和医学生的知识结构,自觉执行卫生法,培养适应新时代有道德、有文化、守纪律、高素质的卫生人员,必须要加强学习卫生法学教育。文章阐述了卫生法的概念,及其教育的意义,卫生法学在医疗实践中的作用;同时提出了图书馆如何配合医院开展卫生法学教育的措施,扩大藏书内容,开办法律讲座学习班,做好法律知识宣传工作,坚持以医教研为中心,深化服务质量。     

探究医院电子信息交换标准HL7

医药信息学在医学应用中的最大领域就是医院信息系统(Hospital Infornation System,HIS),随着HIS的快速发展,需要我们有一个开放的,统一的HIS开发和交换的标准.HL7是1987年开始发展起来的一个专门规范医疗机构用于临床信息,财务信息和管理信息电子信息交换的标准.它特别适合于解决不同厂商开发的医院信息系统、临床实验室系统及药学信息系统之间的互连问题.HL7在国内的发展刚刚起步,但是我国医疗卫生信息化发展很快,尤其是医疗保险、社区医疗和区域卫生信息系统等,都十分需要标准化的支持,HL7将成为建设这些系统的重要基础和关键技术.     

3261例老年患者医院感染分析及对策

目的　探讨老年人医院感染状况 ,以采取有效措施降低医院感染率。方法　对我院 3 2 61例老年住院患者进行回顾性调查分析。结果　 3 2 61例中 2 1 2例发生医院感染 ,感染率为 6 .5 % ,以下呼吸道感染为多 ,占 49.5 % ;其次为泌尿道感染 ,占 2 2 .0 % ;胃肠道感染占 1 6 .5 % ;皮肤感染占 6 .6 % ;其他感染占 5 .2 %。结论　老年患者抵抗力低下 ,不合理使用抗生素以及住院时间延长 ,是造成医院感染的主要因素 ,因此应加强老年患者的护理 ,提高其自身防御能力 ,严格加强感染管理制度及医院感染监测 ,合理使用抗生素 ,以有效地降低医院感染的发生。     

Free tissue transfer at an army medical center

Free tissue transfer has been demonstrated to be an effective modality of treating a variety of wounds and conditions in the civilian population. The use of these procedures has been underreported by American military surgeons. Military surgeons face unique hurdles that make the effective performance of these procedures difficult. We report our experience with free flap reconstruction at an American Army medical center. We performed 44 free flaps in 38 patients; although operative times and hospital length of stay were comparatively long, our success rates were excellent with only one partial flap loss. The opinions or assertions contained herein are the private views of the authors and are not to be construed as official or reflecting the views of the Department of the Army or the Department of Defense.     

优化结构提高效率实现医院可持续发展

随着我国医疗保险的大范围实施，医院只有优化结构、提高效率，才能实现可持续发展。以财务管理为出发点，分析了目前大型医院所面临的现行国家医疗政策、外部环境以及内部约束等条件，提出强化医疗业务管理．建立科学合理的医疗业绩考核指标体系：平均住院天数、出院人数、手术量、门诊预约率，促进医疗业绩的提高：强化财务管理，建立现代医院财务考核指标体系：结余率、人均结余、病人人均费用，对各个科室的经济效益进行考核，促进医院经济效益的提高。     

Health promotion training needs analysis: an integral role for clinical nurses in Lanarkshire,Scotland*

Training needs analysis is considered essential to professional and organizational development, for continuing education and for incorporation into professional practice. Increasingly, nurses are encouraged to develop their health promotion role. Despite this there has been relatively little research in Scotland into the health promotion role of the hospital nurse. This study describes the results of a health promotion training needs analysis undertaken on qualified, hospital-based nurses in Lanarkshire, Scotland. Information on the nurses' current health promotion practices, their attitudes and beliefs, their views on role development and priorities for further training were collated, analysed and discussed within the framework of the Health Action Model. This model was originally designed to assist understanding of the gap that exists between an individual intention to act and the eventual health action. However, in this study the ways in which ‘cognitive factors’ (knowledge and beliefs) and ‘motivational factors’ (considering values, attitudes and drives) and pressures from social norms and significant others assisted in the understanding of the nurse's orientation to, and beliefs about, health promotion practice. Fifty-seven per cent of nurses in the study considered health promotion activities to be emerging in clinical care and 4% considered them to be advanced. The interest respondents have in role development and the further integration of health promotion activities into nursing practice was explored by ascertaining the nurses' attitudes and beliefs about their own health promotion role. Of 107 respondents, a majority 72 (67%) agreed health promotion interventions to be an important function of the nurse with 29 (27%) strongly agreeing (n=107). Sixty per cent stated they would be interested in developing their role and 30% were very strongly interested. Recommendations are therefore made for future planning and development strategies for the health promotion role of hospital nurses.     

重视药物利用评价研究,开展药物利用评价活动

药物利用评价是当前医院合理用药的深入发展的重要体现,也是临床药学的重要工作之一。本文论述了药物利用评价的目的、意义、方法和进展,以及药物利用评价在医院药房中的应用,以期引起有关人员的重视。     

应用质粒分析探讨医院内细菌感染的流行病学特点

为探讨医院内细菌感染的流行病学特点，作者借助临床分离的６４株肺为克雷伯菌，４５株阴沟肠杆菌和６３株醋酸钙不动杆菌，进行质粒图谱分３种细菌分别有５８株，３５株和４１株含有质粒，且分别构成４６个，２１个和２３个质粒图谱型。结果表明：质粒分析为查明医院内细菌感染源和感染途径提供了较为直接，准确的客观依据，同时也看到了质粒分析的局限性。     

Aspects of imported malaria at a district general hospital in non-endemic Kuwait,Arabian Gulf

There is no indigenous mosquito-borne transmission of malaria in Kuwait. However, in a five year period at a district general hospital, the number of laboratory-diagnosed cases of malaria increased annually from 25 to 84, a rise of 336%. Except for two induced infections, all were imported, mainly from the Indian subcontinent. Plasmodium vivax was responsible for 87.29% of the cases; P. falciparum (12.05%), a mixed infection of P. vivax and P. falciparum (0.33%) and a case of P. ovale (0.33%) were also identified. Rapid preparation of acetone-fixed, Giemsa-stained thick blood films, a heightened awareness of the infection, examination of multiple samples of blood from patients and the general resurgence of malaria in endemic areas were some of the factors responsible for the high number of cases diagnosed. Most patients were young males and presented with clinical malaria due to P. vivax between May and October each year, an apparent seasonal peak. However, many were already resident in the country for a variable period. Patients with P. falciparum though, presented clinically within two weeks of arrival in the country. Parasite densities were calculated to monitor the progress of treatment and identify quickly any possible chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum strains. A policy of active prophylaxis is suggested to stem the tide of imported malaria.Corresponding author.     

《医院感染控制多媒体教学》软件的设计与应用

为加强医院感染控制，开展医院感染控制继续教育，本介绍了医院感染控制多媒体软件的设计与应用，为有效预防和控制医院感染，促进医院感染控制的进展，把感染管理工作推上新的台阶提供参考。