中国农村地区高血压患者果蔬摄入对血压进展的影响研究

  目的  基于前瞻性队列研究探讨我国农村地区高血压患者果蔬摄入与血压进展的关系。  方法  中国代谢综合征社区干预研究暨中国家庭健康研究于2007-2008年开展基线调查,收集膳食、体力活动和血压等信息,并于2012-2015年进行随访调查。膳食资料采用食物频率问卷获取,按照研究对象总果蔬、水果和蔬菜摄入量是否达到推荐摄入水平和摄入量的四分位数分别进行分组。根据血压水平将高血压分为1级、2级和3级,随访期间高血压分级升高1级及以上则定义为血压进展。采用Logistic回归模型分析果蔬摄入与血压进展的关系。  结果  本研究纳入25 080例基线高血压患者,平均随访5.8年,共有4 112例高血压患者发生血压进展,进展率为16.4%。总果蔬摄入达标者较未达标者血压进展风险降低17%(OR=0.83,95% CI:0.77~0.90),蔬菜分析结果类似。以总果蔬摄入最低组(Q1)为参照,摄入量位于Q2~Q4组的ORs(95% CIs)值分别为0.86(0.78~0.95)、0.77(0.69~0.86)和0.69(0.61~0.77)(χ2_趋势=43.02, P < 0.001),水果和蔬菜分析结果相似。总果蔬和蔬菜摄入量每增加100 g/d血压进展风险分别下降4%(OR=0.96,95%CI:0.94~0.98)和5%(OR=0.95,95% CI:0.93~0.97),而水果与血压进展风险的关联无统计学意义(OR=0.97,95% CI:0.93~1.01)。  结论  增加果蔬摄入能够有效降低血压进展的风险,对高血压患者的健康管理具有积极作用。     

我国南海海区常温下果蔬保鲜的研究

为延长南海海区常温下新鲜果蔬贮藏期，在常温条件下（２６～３７℃）应用本所研制的ＨＹ－１型和ＨＹ－２型保鲜剂、保鲜箱对果蔬进行保鲜贮藏。经实验室和南海海区多次实验证实，经保鲜处理的果蔬品种可延长贮藏期８～１５天，腐烂率控制在１５％以下。     

The isolation of Campylobacter spp. from modified atmosphere packaged foods

Foodborne illness caused by Campylobacter spp. is a major public health concern in many countries. This study investigated the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in modified atmosphere packaged (MAP) foods such as fresh meat and vegetables in order to assess the risk to human health from foods packaged using this new technology, the application of which is increasing rapidly. Samples of MAP chicken meat, MAP turkey meat, MAP bacon and MAP mixed salad vegetables from two supermarkets were tested for the presence of the organism in two types of samples; those tested immediately on purchase and those stored at 4 C (+/- 2 C) and subsequently tested on the 'use by' date stated on the package. Campylobacter spp. were found to be present in a proportion of all MAP products tested: 90% of MAP turkey samples, 71.25% of MAP chicken samples, 67.5% of cured bacon samples and 22.2% of mixed salad vegetables samples were found to be contaminated with Campylobacter spp. Viable counts indicated that the level of infection varied both between food products and between different packages of the same product. Turkey meat was found to have the highest numbers of organisms present (5.2 102-3.3 103 cfu g-1) compared with 0.2-7.2 102 cfu g-1 for chicken meat and 0.1-3.1 102 g-1 for bacon. The highest count obtained from one sample of salad vegetables was 1.7 102 cfu g-1 with the majority (16 out of a total of 20 positive samples) being less than 0.8 102 cfu g-1 and all 12 of the positive samples tested on date of purchase having viable counts of less than 0.1 102 cfu g-1.     

Analytical aspects of drugs of natural origin

The current importance of drugs of natural origin and their different phytotherapeutical preparations are mentioned. Analytical aspects related to vegetable drugs and their extracts are discussed. An overview is given on procedures used for the isolation of reference compounds, sample preparation for high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis, identification of vegetable drugs and detection of adulterants. The different approaches currently employed for the standardization of extracts are presented. The various aspects are discussed with the aid of illustrative examples.     

植脂奶油裱花蛋糕生产中HACCP的应用研究

[目的 ]　在植脂奶油裱花蛋糕生产中建立危害分析关键控制点 (HACCP)体系。　 [方法 ]　根据国际食品法典委员会 (CAC)文件《HACCP原理及其应用准则》推荐的原理和程序 ,参照我国糕点类卫生管理办法的要求 ,依据《食品中微生物检验方法》、《消毒技术规范》、《糕点、面包卫生标准》 ,对原料、半成品、成品、人员、设备、工用具等对象的微生物指标进行一系列检测 ,并对加工工艺进行危害因素分析 ,建立植脂奶油裱花蛋糕生产HACCP体系。　 [结果 ]　确立烘烤、裱花装饰、储存、运输和销售为关键控制点 ,制定了一套详细的HACCP计划。　 [结论 ]　HACCP体系的建立为奶油裱花蛋糕生产安全控制提供了保障     

再生水-土壤-蔬菜体系中镉的形态分布

目的研究再生水-土壤-蔬菜体系中镉的形态分布。方法选取辣椒盆栽实验,设置自来水对照组、再生水组、自来水+镉组、再生水+镉组(镉含量为0.05 mg/L)4种溶液进行灌溉处理,采用修正的BCR法,测定水样、土壤、辣椒和花盆底托里渗滤物中镉的形态。结果自来水和再生水中镉的形态主要是水溶态(B0),具有较强的迁移性和生物有效性。水样中镉含量未超出GB 5084—2005《农田灌溉水质标准》。土壤和渗滤物中的镉以残渣态(B4)为主,且镉总量均超出GB15618—1995《土壤环境质量标准》二级标准。辣椒中镉主要以水溶态(B0)和可氧化态(B3)存在,辣椒各部分镉含量依次为叶果茎根,均超出GB 2762—2012《食品安全国家标准中污染物限量》中镉的限量值。结论本次研究的再生水用于农业灌溉存在一定风险,农田灌溉用水不仅要严格控制镉的总量,更要关注其不同形态的含量。     

Direct atomic absorption spectrometry determination of arsenic,cadmium, copper,manganese, lead and zinc in vegetable oil and fat samples with graphite filter furnace atomizer

The article presents the results of optimization of operation parameters, investigation of analytical characteristics and the abilities of a graphite filter-furnace (FF) atomizer for the direct electrothermal atomic absorption spectroscopy (ET AAS) determination of trace amounts of Mn, As, Pb, Cu, Cd and Zn in some vegetable oils and fats. The effect of pyrolysis and atomization temperatures of the graphite FF atomizer on atomic absorbance values of the listed elements at their evaporation from some organic solutions in the presence of a Pd-Mg chemical modifier (CM) was investigated. For the ET AAS determination of As, Pb, Cd and Zn with Pd-Mg CM, the temperature of the graphite FF atomizer for the pyrolysis step can be raised by 250–350 °C. This mode allows to eliminate the background absorption, to increase the sensitivity of the elements to be analyzed and to enhance the total content of vegetable oils or fats in organic solutions up to 0.5 g mL⁻¹. The obtained limits of quantification for Mn, As, Pb, Cu, Cd and Zn were 0.002, 0.004, 0.004, 0.002, 0.0008, 0.0004 mg kg⁻¹, respectively. The relative standard deviation (RSD) varied between ∼3 and 8% and the time of one element determination did not exceed ∼3–5 min. The reliability of the proposed method was checked using the reference method. A paired Student's t-test showed no significant difference between the results obtained by both methods on a 95% confidence level.     

宜昌市2005～2007年乳制品与植物蛋白食品检测结果分析

目的:了解宜昌市乳制品与植物蛋白食品卫生状况,为食品卫生安全监管提供依据。方法:在宜昌市主要的集贸市场和超市随机采集乳粉、鲜乳、豆浆等乳制品与植物蛋白食品,并对菌落总数、大肠菌群、脂肪、蛋白质、铅、砷等项目进行检测。结果:植物蛋白饮料类产品菌落总数超标率较高,达44.4%;乳粉、蛋白粉类产品中蛋白质和脂肪不合格率达到了22.7%和19.1%。结论:宜昌市植物蛋白类食品合格率较低,乳粉、蛋白粉类产品中蛋白质和脂肪不合格率较高,危及食品卫生安全,需加强监督管理。     

Correlation between two propulsion efficiency indices in front crawl swimming

Lupin proteins allow the preparation of some innovative protein-rich food products, e.g., steaks chunks, cutlets, gyros. With the objective of evaluating the acceptability of these foods in sport nutrition, they were provided to 34 healthy competitive track and field athletes (mean age 25±5, 17 males and 17 females), to be taken before training or a competitive event. Athletes were asked to fill in 3 different questionnaires, reporting possible problems/negative symptoms impacting on acceptability: questionnaire 1 had to be filled in 1 h after food intake, questionnaire 2 immediately after training/competition (i.e., 3–5 h after food intake) and questionnaire 3 on the day after. All 34 participating athletes indicated good satisfaction with the food products, which were generally well accepted. In addition, most of the athletes gave positive reports in terms of sense of satiety, sense of energy and desire to exercise. Therefore, lupin proteins may provide a useful, well accepted approach to pre-exercise nutrition in competitive athletes.     

Nutritional and anti-nutritional composition of velvet bean: an under-utilized food legume in South India

Four accessions of the under-utilized legume, velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens var. utilis (Wall. ex Wight) Bak. ex Burck), collected from three different locations of Western Ghats, South India were analysed for proximate composition, mineral profiles, the protein fractions, amino acid profiles of total seed protein, in vitro protein digestibility and certain anti-nutritional factors to determine their potential as an alternative source to alleviate protein-energy-malnutrition among the people of South India. The major findings of the study were as follows: crude protein ranged from 20.2-29.3%, crude lipid 6.3-7.4%, total dietary fibre 8.7-10.5%, ash 3.3-5.5% and carbohydrates 49.9-61.2%. The energy level of the seed (1562-1597 kJ 100 g -1 DM) was comparable with commonly consumed Indian pulses. Mineral profiles, viz. sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron, copper, zinc and manganese ranged from 43.1-150.1, 778.1-1846.0, 393.4-717.7, 174.9-387.6, 98.4-592.1, 10.8-15.0, 0.9-2.2, 5.0-10.9, 3.9-4.3 mg 100 -1 seed flour, respectively. The data on seed protein fractions revealed that the globulins constitute the major bulk of the seed protein as in most legumes. Profiles of amino acids of total seed proteins detected in the present study revealed that they contain relatively higher levels of all essential amino acids except threonine, leucine and lysine in black-coloured seed coat accessions and phenylalanine and tyrosine in white-coloured seed coat accession compared with the FAO/WHO (1991) requirement pattern. The in vitro protein digestibility of the legumes under study ranged from 72.4-76.9%. Anti-nutritional substances like total free phenolics, tannins, L-DOPA, trypsin inhibitor activity and phytohaemagglutinating activity also were investigated. The detected anti-nutritional factors probably have little nutritional significance if the beans are properly processed.