某幼儿园1991～2005年儿童传染病发病趋势分析

[目的]了解幼儿园儿童传染病发病情况和流行趋势,为制定传染病防治策略提供依据.[方法]统计幼儿园内每年发病儿童人数与当年9月份在园儿童人数相比得出当年各种传染病发病率,对传染病进行特征性分析,用统计软件SPSS11.0作u检验.[结果]幼儿园是儿童传染病易感者集中的场所,1年12个月均有传染病发生.9种常见传染病中,腮腺炎、水痘、手足口病的发病率居顺构前3位.与计划免疫相关的“病”未见发病.乙肝自1994年以来未有检出.手足口病自2000年首次发病,发病率居近4年来各种传染病发病率之首.[结论]有必要将流腮疫苗和水痘疫苗纳入计划管理.重视对手足口病的监测,将手足口病纳入幼儿园常见传染病的管理之中.     

水痘疫苗接种的成本效益

水痘是一种常见的急性、高传染性的疾病 ,可感染儿童、成人。 1974年日本首先研制成功Oka株水痘减毒活疫苗 ,1984年世界卫生组织批准水痘减毒活疫苗用于婴幼儿预防接种 ,许多国家陆续开展了水痘疫苗预防接种 ,不仅能取得良好的防病效果 ,而且可较大地减轻疾病负担。对儿童、青少年、成人、育龄期妇女和免疫功能抑制患者分别进行的经济学评价表明 ,接种水痘疫苗具有较好的成本效益结果。     

Prevalence of Hepatitis A, B, and C markers in school children of a rural area of Crete, Greece

Objective: To determine the prevalence of hepatitis A, B, and C markers in children who were attending junior and senior high schools in a high risk area in rural Crete, Greece. Methods: Three-hundred and thirty-four children who attended the three junior schools and one senior high school in the Agios Vassilios province of Southern Crete were invited to participate in the study. Three hundred and four of them were tested for hepatitis A, B, and C markers. Hepatitis B (HBV) markers (HBsAg and anti-HBc) as well as hepatitis A (anti-HAV) and hepatitis (anti-HCV) antibodies were tested with commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Results: Six of the 304 children (1.97%) were found to be positive for anti-HAV, 1 (0.33%) to HBsAg, 7 (2.30%) to anti-HBc and none were found positive for anti-HCV. No significant differences were seen between the prevalence of anti-HAV antibodies in males (2%) and females (1.95%), and of anti-HBc antibodies in males (3.33%) and females (1.30%). Conclusions: The very low prevalence of anti-HAV is obviously due to the improved conditions of hygiene and it raises the question of the possible emergence of this disease at an older age and therefore appropriate preventative strategies should be considered. The low endemicity of hepatitis B in Crete in contrast to other areas of Greece also calls for a vaccination policy probably during adolescence. The absence of hepatitis C markers in the children in contrast to the observed higher prevalence of HCV-infected people in the adult population in the same rural area raises questions regarding possible sources of transmission of hepatitis C during the preceding years.     

Allodynia in rats infected with varicella zoster virus—a small animal model for post-herpetic neuralgia

The most common complication of herpes zoster is post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN), which has been defined as severe pain occurring 1 month after rash onset or persisting for greater than 3 months. PHN is classed as a neuropathic pain that is associated with mechanical allodynia where normally innocuous tactile stimuli are perceived as painful. The development of therapies to treat PHN has been hampered by the lack of animal models, which mimic the clinical situation. We have previously reported that varicella zoster virus (VZV) infection in the rat results in mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia. Here, we report that following VZV infection of the left footpad rats develop a chronic mechanical allodynia, which is present for longer than 60 days post-infection and which resolves by 100 days PI. The model is robust and reproducible with animals consistently developing allodynia by 3 days PI and continuing to present with symptoms for at least 30 days. The reproducible nature of the induction and course of the allodynia allows the use of this model to determine the effect of various compounds on, and to investigate the pathogenic mechanisms underlying the development of VZV-induced allodynia. Comparative studies using HSV-1 show that the induction of the chronic allodynia is VZV-specific and is not a result is of virus replication-induced tissue damage or accompanying inflammation.Therefore, we propose that the rat VZV infection model could prove useful in studying the mechanisms underlying post-herpetic neuralgia.     

江苏省1966-1995年甲乙类传染病的变迁

本文全面分析了１９６６－１９９５年３０年来江苏省甲、乙类传染病发病率、死亡率及其构成谱的变迁，在充分肯定传染病防制工作成就的同时指出传染病尤其是肠道传染病仍应是当前防病工作的重点，并建议在监测点上建立非传染病防治实验区.     

Behçet's disease and cardiac arrhythmia

Summary Only few cases of cardiac conduction disturbances and arrhythmias have been reported in Behçet's disease. We recently observed the case of a 16-year-old woman with Behçet's disease in whom cardiac arrhythmia became the main clinical symptom. This observation and a review of the literature led us to the conclusion that arrhythmia could represent the clinical manifestation of an underlying myocarditis due to Behçet's disease and can be regarded as a feature of cardiac involvement of the disease.     

重症急性胰腺炎并发深部真菌感染21例分析

目的探讨SAP并发深部真菌感染的易感因素以及防治的方法。方法分析1998年9月至2004年10月收治的81例SAP患者资料，其中并发深部真菌感染的21例作为真菌感染组，其余60例作为非感染组，比较两组患者的诊治方法与措施，分析真菌感染的危险因素。结果经糖皮质激素应用、腹腔灌洗、胃肠减压等一系列诊治措施，真菌感染组19例患者病愈出院，2例死亡。两组在糖皮质激素应用、中心静脉置管、全胃肠外营养、空肠营养、呼吸机支持、腹腔灌洗和囊肿穿刺等方面差异显著（P〈0．05）。结论糖尿病、老年、呼吸机支持和重症监护客观因素等为真菌感染的危险因素。合理应用抗生素和预防性应用抗真菌药物可以减少感染机会，提高SAP的救治存活率。     

化疗药物外渗后局部组织损伤处理的实验研究

目的根据化疗药物外渗后局部组织损伤的特点寻找理想的处理方法。方法制作化疗药物外渗的动物坏死模型,分别采用临床常用的三种处理方法进行动物实验,进行肉眼观察及组织学观察。结果1∶5 000呋喃西林加季德胜蛇药外敷对化疗药物外渗所致的局部组织坏死疗效最佳,其次为复方利多卡因,50%硫酸镁外敷疗效甚微,对照组无效。结论临床处理化疗药物外渗应根据其局部特点选择合理有效的方法。