Concurrent Validation of Substance Abusers Self-Reports Against Collateral Information: Percentage Agreement VS. k Vs. Yule's Y

The ability for chemical users to give an accurate self-report of (ubrbnce use vs. abstinence has been questioned. This study hatlgated its concurrent validity, against collateral ratings. The results indicated that validity of reports of chemical use must be evaluated in the context of the validity of other types of information. Chemical use items were corroborated about as often as such nonchemical use items as reports of emergency room visits, arrests, md hospitalizations, thus arguing against the presence of a specific denlal syndrome or overarching tendency toward self-misrepresenletion. Relative concurrent validities seemed more a function of such factors as item salience and specificity. No consistent trend in patient over-or underreporting of chemical use was found. The choice of concurrent validation statistic is important and can influence interpretation of results. Current standards such as percentage agreement and K were seen as flawed; comparisons of results based on these two measures, as well as Yule's Y led to the conclusion that Yule's Y is the statistic of choice.     

US and UK versions of the EQ-5D preference weights: Does choice of preference weights make a difference?

Background Most US studies that estimate EQ-5D index score generally apply the UK preference weights. We compared the validity of a newly-developed US weights to the UK weights for use of EQ-5D as a measure of health-related quality of life. Methods Data were collected from a randomized clinical trial for patients with HIV (n = 1,126) in the US. Convergent validity was examined by comparing Pearson correlations of EQ-5D index scores with the MOS-HIV Health Survey scale scores and Physical and Mental Health Summary (PHS, MHS) scores using the US and UK weights. Known-groups validity of EQ-5D US versus UK index scores was compared using clinical variables (CD4+ cell count and HIV viral load), and the MOS-HIV PHS and MHS. Score changes in the EQ-5D index from baseline to week 50 were examined using effect size (ES) estimates. Results The mean EQ-5D index scores was slightly higher using US weights than UK weights (0.87 vs. 0.84, respectively). The correlation coefficient for EQ-5D utilities using the US and UK weights was 0.98. The correlations of EQ-5D index scores with the MOS-HIV scores were moderate and similar using the US and UK weights. The EQ-5D index scores discriminated equally well for both versions between levels of CD4+ count, HIV viral load, and PHS and MHS scores (P < 0.05), suggesting equivalent known-groups validity. The changes in EQ-5D index scores from baseline to week 50 were similar for both versions (ES: 0.21 vs. 0.22 for US and UK, respectively), suggesting equivalent responsiveness to score changes. Conclusions EQ-5D index scores generated using UK and US preference weights showed equivalent psychometric properties. For assessing treatment benefit in a single population, the use of either the UK or US weights as a measure of HRQOL will not change inferences. However, for comparisons across US and UK populations, the choice between these two weights should be based on their relevance to the study population.     

图片学习测验在识别老年人轻微认知功能损害中的作用

目的　分析图片学习测验在识别老年人轻微认知功能损害 (MCI)中的作用。方法　选择符合MCI诊断标准的老年人 4 8例与正常对照组 5 6名完成图片学习测验、简易智能状态检查、听觉词语学习测验及多种非记忆测验。结果　图片学习测验的 3个记忆指标 (图片短时记忆、延迟记忆和学习记忆 )在MCI与正常对照组之间有非常显著的差异。已经给出这三个图片记忆指标区分MCI与正常老年人的划界分、敏感性和特异性。结论　图片记忆操作简便、信度和效度好 ,可以作为临床医师筛选MCI的有效工具     

签约服务情境下全科医生岗位胜任力自评量表的开发与信效度检验

背景 随着我国基层医疗卫生机构全科医生签约服务的启动和落实,全科医生岗位胜任力逐渐成为国家推进分级诊疗、实现基层医疗卫生服务有效供给的基础。目标明确、操作性强并以胜任力为导向的日常考核和评价机制,能够正向激励全科医生的工作并促进签约服务不断提质增效。目的 编制全科医生岗位胜任力自评量表,为科学评价我国全科医生的岗位胜任能力提供适用的工具。方法 基于全科医生岗位胜任力模型,通过文献回顾并参考相关岗位胜任力量表进行了测量题项拟定和初始量表设计。并于2021年4—8月对全国主要省级行政区域的基层全科医生进行问卷调查,最终收集了402份有效问卷数据。将有效样本（n=402）平均随机分为两部分,样本A(n=201)用于探索性因子分析,样本B(n=201)用于验证性因子分析,并在此基础上对最终量表进行了信效度检验。结果 最终的全科医生岗位胜任力量表包括4个维度（全科服务能力、人文执业能力、团队协作能力、学习发展能力）、21个条目。总量表的Cronbach’s α系数为0.929,全科服务能力、人文执业能力、团队协作能力、学习发展能力4个维度的Cronbach’s α系数分别为0.877、0.850...     

老年慢病共存患者治疗负担量表的研制

背景 老年慢病共存患者治疗负担重,准确、有效评估患者治疗负担可为个性化干预方案制定、干预效果评价提供至关重要的评估工具,但目前尚无本土化的老年慢病共存患者治疗负担量表。目的 研制老年慢病共存患者治疗负担量表并检验其信效度,为科学评价老年慢病共存患者干预措施的效果提供合适的评估工具。方法 通过文献分析和患者访谈构建量表的条目池,通过专家咨询的方式形成初始量表。通过预测试,对初始量表条目的语义、最佳表达方式等做出修改。于2021年9—11月,采用便利抽样法选取老年慢病共存患者294名,使用项目分析和探索性因子分析对初始量表进行条目筛选,形成测试版量表。于2021年11月至2022年1月,采用便利抽样法选择老年慢病共存患者316名,使用信度、效度、可行性对测试版量表进行科学性考评,最终形成正式版量表。结果正式版老年慢病共存患者治疗负担量表包括33个条目、7个维度,7个维度分别为经济负担、自我管理负担、获得医疗服务负担、药物管理负担、药物不良反应负担、社交负担、心理负担。验证性因子分析结果显示,χ2/df=1.506,比较拟合指数（CFI）=0.933,非规准适配指数（TLI）=0.925,标...     

人格测验正反向题目的时间效应

目的通过分析人格测验正反向题目的时间效应,探讨人格测验中题目陈述方式对测验效度及质量的影响,为测验编制及研究提供参考。方法1230名士兵完成计算机呈现的艾森克人格问卷,记录被试完成每个题目所需要的时间,将正反向题目平均用时进行对比分析。结果反向题目整体平均用时显著高于正向题目平均用时(P<0.01);得分的反向题目平均用时显著低于得分的正向题目(P<0.01);未得分的反向题目平均用时显著高于未得分的正向题目(P<0.01)。结论反向题目的引入可以减少人格测验的反应偏差,提高测验的效度,但也会在一定程度上影响被试作答的心理过程。因此在测验编制的过程中应平衡使用正反向题目,但反向题目的语言要尽量简洁明了,减少对被试作答的影响。     

HIV/AIDS主要临床测查工具简评

HIV/AIDS给患者带来了心理、生理、社会、家庭等多方面的问题 ,心理学家和临床工作者根据临床经验修订和编制了多方面的临床测查工具 ,本文着重介绍了情绪、症状、心理卫生方面心理测量学指标较好的几个测查工具 ,以供国内学者研究之用     

The reliability and validity of the Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire: a comparison between patient groups

Background: The Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire (SPAQ) is a frequently used screening instrument in the research on Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD). Nevertheless, studies on its reliability and validity are relatively scarce. In the present study the reliability and the contrast validity of the SPAQ are investigated. Methods: SAD patients, selected by means of a clinical interview, non-seasonal depressed out-patients, non-depressed out-patients, and a control group, are contrasted to estimate the discriminating power of the SPAQ. Also, the reliability and factor structure of the seasonality and the climate subscales are investigated. To study food intake the Seasonal Food Preference Questionnaire (SFPQ) was developed. Results: The SAD criterion of the SPAQ shows good specificity (94%), but a low sensitivity (44%). Discriminant analysis shows sufficient ability to classify subjects (81% correctly classified). The Global Seasonality Scale has a good internal consistency. It consists of two factors, a psychological factor and a food factor. The SFPQ is sensitive for carbohydrate intake by SAD patients. Limitations: Most SAD patients had received treatment and completed the SPAQ while they were not depressed, which may have influenced the sensitivity. Conclusions: The SPAQ is not sensitive enough to be considered a diagnostic instrument for SAD. Nevertheless, it is accurate enough to be used as a screenings instrument. The only false positives were found in the depressive group. The accuracy of prevalence Figs. can be improved by completion of the SPAQ in the summer months, combined with the completion of a depression scale.     

Reliability and validity of the Biodex system 3 pro isokinetic dynamometer velocity,torque and position measurements

This study quantitatively assessed the mechanical reliability and validity of position, torque and velocity measurements of the Biodex System 3 isokinetic dynamometer. Trial-to-trial and day-to-day reliability were assessed during three trials on two separate days. To assess instrument validity, measurement of each variable using the Biodex System 3 dynamometer was compared to a criterion measure of position, torque and velocity. Position was assessed at 5° increments across the available range of motion of the dynamometer. Torque measures were assessed isometrically by hanging six different calibrated weights from the lever arm. Velocity was assessed (30°/s to 500°/s) across a 70° arc of motion by manually accelerating the weighted lever arm. With the exception of a systematic decrease in velocity at speeds of 300°/s and higher, the Biodex System 3 performed with acceptable mechanical reliability and validity on all variables tested.DisclosureThe Biodex dynamometer used for this investigation was donated to the laboratory by Biodex Medical Systems. The authors have no commercial or proprietary interest in this device.