大学生心理亚健康状况对比研究与应对策略

采用症状自评量表(SCL)-90对某高校大一新生进行心理健康状况测查,以瑞格心理教育信息化管理系统为统计分析工具,对近3年的10 077份心理健康测查数据进行对比和分析研究。结果显示,2013—2015年来,大学生的心理亚健康率的平均值为26.5%,中重度症状人员所占比重逐年下降;女生的心理亚健康率高于男生;强迫症、人际关系敏感和抑郁在中重度症状占较高比例;担心自己的衣饰整齐及仪态的端正、忘性大、感到要赶快把事情做完始终位居十大症状排行前3位。根据测查的结果并结合当前大学生的心理发展现状,提出心理健康档案制度化、规范化,心理健康课程系列化、现代化,心理咨询工作专业化、个性化的应对策略。     

心理测评助手——PsyKeyk~心理测评系统

PsyKey(?)心理测评系统(完全版)包含国内常用、信效度较高的57个量表,涉及心理健康、人格特点、能力兴趣、临床诊断、学习、社交、自我、生活应激等多方面。PsyKey(?)心理测评系统将心理测评的过程标准化,具有很强的工具性。支持直接测试、数据输入及大规模施测后的光电阅读等多种方式,具有网络管理功能,满足个体测试到团体普查的多种测查需要。测试后系统立刻生成测试报告,包含解释、建议、背景     

心理测评助手——PsyKey~心理测评系统

PsyKey~心理测评系统(完全版)包含国内常用、信效度较高的57个量表,涉及心理健康、人格特点、能力兴趣、临床诊断、学习、社交、自我、生活应激等多方面。PsyKey~心理测评系统将心理测评的过程标准化,具有很强的工具性。支持直接测试、数据输入及大规模施测后的光电阅读等多种方式,具有网络管理功能,满足个体测试到团体普查的多种测查需要。测试后系统立刻生成测试报告,包含解释、建议、背景知     

心理测评助手——PsyKey~心理测评系统

PsyKey(?)心理测评系统(完全版)包含国内常用、信效度较高的57个量表,涉及心理健康、人格特点、能力兴趣、临床诊断、学习、社交、自我、生活应激等多方面。PsyKey(?)心理测评系统将心理测评的过程标准化,具有很强的工具性。支持直接测试、数据输入及大规模施测后的光电阅读等多种方式,具有网络管理功能,满足个体测试到团体普查的多种测查需要。测试后系统立刻生成测试报告,包含解释、建议、背景知     

军医大学生心理健康影响因素分析

目的研究影响军医大学生心理健康的因素。方法通过UPI、SCL-90测查,比较某军医大学在校所有计划学员的心理健康状况。结果不同年龄、性别、入学动机、专业愿望和家庭收入水平的学员心理水平有所不同。结论影响军医大学生心理健康的因素是多方面的,包括个人因素和家庭因素等。     

心理测评助手——PsyKey~心理测评系统

PsyKey(?)心理测评系统(完全版)包含国内常用、信效度较高的57个量表,涉及心理健康、人格特点、能力兴趣、临床诊断、学习、社交、自我、生活应激等多方面。PsyKey(?)心理测评系统将心理测评的过程标准化,具有很强的工具性。支持直接测试、数据输入及大规模施测后的光电阅读等多种方式,具有网络管理功能,满足个体测试到团体普查的多种测查需要。测试后系统立刻生成测试报告,包含解释、建议、背景知识,并可自由编辑组合。测评系统为开放式,用户可根据自身需求自定义常模和量表列表。     

心理测评助手——PsyKey!~心理测评系统

PsyKey~心理测评系统(完全版)包含国内常用、信效度较高的57个量表,涉及心理健康、人格特点、能力兴趣、临床诊断、学习、社交、自我、生活应激等多方面。PsyKey~心理测评系统将心理测评的过程标准化,具有很强的工具性。支持直接测试、数据输入及大规模施测后的光电阅读等多种方式,具有网络管理功能,满足个体测试到团体普查的多种测查需要。测试后系统立刻生成测试报告,包含解释、建议、背景知识,并可自由编辑组合。测评系统为开放式,用户可根据自身需求自定义常模和量表列表。     

心理测评助手——PsyKey~心理测评系统

PsyKey~心理测评系统(完全版)包含国内常用、信效度较高的57个量表,涉及心理健康、人格特点、能力兴趣、临床诊断、学习、社交、自我、生活应激等多方面。PsyKey~心理测评系统将心理测评的过程标准化,具有很强的工具性。支持直接测试、数据输入及大规模施测后的光电阅读等多种方式,具有网络管理功能,满足个体测试到团体普查的多种测查需要。测试后系统立刻生成测试报告,包含解释、建议、背景知识,并可自由编辑组合。测评系统为开放式,用户可根据自身需求白定义常模和量表列表。     

心理测评助手——PsyKey~心理测评系统

PsyKey心理测评系统(完全版)包含国内常用、信效度较高的57个量表,涉及心理健康、人格特点、能力兴趣、临床诊断、学习、社交、自我、生活应激等多方面。PsyKey心理测评系统将心理测评的过程标准化,具有很强的工具性。支持直接测试、数据输入及大规模施测后的光电阅读等多种方式,具有网络管理功能,满足个体测试到团体普查的多种测查需要。测试后系统立刻生成测试报告,包含解释、建议、背景知识,并可自南编辑组合。测评系统为开放式,用户可根据自身需求自定义常模和量表列表。     

大学生口腔粘膜病患者心理状况调查及其心理社会因素分析

目的了解大学生口腔粘膜病患者的心理状况及其与心理社会因素的关系,为临床治疗提供理论依据。方法选取96名口腔粘膜病大学生患者作为研究组,分别进行症状自评量表（SCL-90）和自编心理社会因素问卷测查。结果 1大学生口腔粘膜病患者存在不同程度的心理问题,心理问题检出率为9.4%～43.8%;2SCL-90各因子与测查的心理社会因素各因子成不同程度的相关;3研究组与对照组在心理社会因素各因子上存在显著性差异（P〈0.001）。结论大学生口腔粘膜病患者的心理问题不可忽视,临床治疗中要心身兼治。     

Blaming People With AIDS: Who Deserves to Be Sick?1

We examined the degree to which people are blamed for having AIDS as a function of their age and factors commonly associated with HIV transmission. Heterosexual undergraduates read brief vignettes, each describing a male person with AIDS (PWA), and rated how much each PWA was to blame for having AIDS. PWAs were more likely to be blamed if they were IV-drug users, homosexuals, over the age of 12, or if they had several sex partners. PWAs who had contact with blood products were blamed less than other PWAs, but only if they were heterosexual. Once a person was blamed for having AIDS because of IV-drug use, factors that normally reduce blame (i.e., heterosexuality or monogamy) had less of an effect. Male respondents assigned blame more readily than females, especially to homosexuals and children.     

Report from Capetown: GNP+ and ICW hold annual meetings

Capetown, South Africa, has recently hosted the Third Annual Gathering of the International Community of Women Living with HIV/AIDS (ICW) and the Seventh Annual International Conference of the Global Network of People Living with HIV/AIDS (GNP+). The National Council for International Health's AIDS Program sent two participants to the conferences: ICW's key contact in the Caribbean, who is from Trinidad and Tobago, and a US activist from the AIDS Project, Los Angeles. About 200 women from 70 countries attended the ICW conference. Topics included overcoming isolation, caring for others and themselves, sexual abuse, harassment and violence against women, loss/bereavement, situation of women in Africa and the impact of HIV, sexual health, treatments, access to medical care, pregnancy and motherhood, and the impact of HIV on children. More than 400 persons attended the GNP+ conference. The major program tracks were the dichotomy between the importance of holistic health strategies in many parts of the developing world and treatment of opportunistic infections and antiviral treatment in the developed world, travel restrictions, skills building, and communication. Priorities identified during the business sessions were expansion of the network's communication capabilities and enhancement of the autonomy of each of the regions. The GNP+ conference was a significant opportunity for South African PWAs (persons with AIDS) to meet people from around the world. The South African Ministry of Health is committed to a national PWA conference and an affirmative action plan to include more HIV-seropositive staff members in the National AIDS Control Program and the Ministry. Ongoing activities of ICW and GNP+ are preparation of proposals for support from major donors and planning a global survey of the living conditions of persons living with HIV/AIDS and another survey focusing on human rights.     

PVO / NGO initiatives,Latin America. Grupo pela VIDDA,Brazil

"VIDDA" is a Portuguese acronym representing enhancement, integration, and dignity of people living with HIV/AIDS (PWAs). The groups are composed of people infected with HIV, their friends, relatives, lovers, and anyone who feels that his or her everyday life has been affected by the epidemic. They hope that through solidarity they can respond to the difficult situation facing people who are HIV positive in Brazil. Grupo pela VIDDA seeks to raise the consciousness of the government and the society and force them to take responsibility for the epidemic. Their fundamental objective is to fight for PWAs to have a full range of civil rights. "This is a fight that we have in common with all the Brazilian people who are searching for democracy, the right to work, and access to good health services," states a Grupo pela VIDDA brochure. Through their network they provide accurate and current information, counseling, legal assistance, and sponsor support groups. For more information, please contact Grupo pela VIDDA, Rua General Jardim, 556 CEP 01223-010, Cx Postal 54063, CEP 01296, Sao Paulo SP, tel/fax: +55 11 258 7729; or Rua 7 de Setembro, 48 12 andar CEP 20050-000, tel: +55 21 224 1654, fax: +55 21 294 5602. There are also offices in Curitiba, Goiania, Niteroi, Recife, and Vitoria.     

Incorporating quality of life measures in HIV clinical trials

Abstract

PURPOSE: To increase awareness regarding issues specific to health-related quality of life (HRQL) assessments for investigators designing clinical trials and for clinicians reading published reports on clinical trials. HQRL measures are becoming more prevalent, alongside conventional therapeutic and laboratory endpoints. However, they differ from these physiologic or biologic measurements because HRQL data are subjective. We discuss the criteria for selecting and implementing HRQL instruments to optimize the usefulness of HRQL assessments in clinical studies. METHOD: We conducted a review of selected design and measurement issues that should be considered when planning for the use of HRQL instruments in HIV/AIDS clinical trials. CONCLUSION: When used appropriately, HRQL measures can indicate the impact of HIV treatment on patient functioning and well-being and can help to inform clinicians about treatment effects.     

Health economics: potential applications in HIV/AIDS control in Africa

There is growing evidence that HIV/ AIDS has enormous negative impact on health status and economic development of individuals, households, communities and nations in the African region. Thus, there is urgent need for various disciplines to demonstrate how they can contribute in curbing the spread of this deadly disease in the African region. This paper, using an extended version of Professor Alan Williams schema as the conceptual framework, attempts to demonstrate how health economics can be used to inform policy and managerial choices related to HIV/AIDS advocacy, prevention, treatment and management. It argues that the discipline of health economics (and economics generally) is extremely valuable in: measuring health impacts of the disease and interventions; evaluating the relationships between health care-seeking behaviour of individuals and health system specific attributes; the estimation of determinants of compliance of HIV/AIDS patients with treatment regimen; establishing of health institutions efficiency in combating AIDS; guiding choices of HIV/AIDS interventions; assessing the relationships between HIV/AIDS, development, poverty, and trade; programme planning, monitoring and evaluation; and assessing health system's overall performance. The paper is a modest attempt to show how the discipline of health economics can elucidate, and help in resolving practical and conceptual issues in HIV/AIDS control in Africa.     

Low occupational risk of human immunodeficiency virus infection among dental professionals

We studied 1309 dental professionals (1132 dentists, 131 hygienists, and 46 assistants) without behavioral risk factors for the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) to determine their occupational risk for infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Subjects completed questionnaires on behavior; type, duration, and location of their dental practice; infection-control practices; and estimated numbers of potential occupational exposures to HIV. Serum samples were tested for antibodies to HIV and to hepatitis B surface antigen (unvaccinated subjects). Fifty-one percent of the subjects practiced in locations where many cases of AIDS have been reported. Seventy-two percent treated patients who had AIDS or were at increased risk for it. Ninety-four percent reported accidental puncturing of the skin with instruments used in treating patients. Adherence to recommended infection-control practices was infrequent. Twenty-one percent of unvaccinated subjects had antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen. Only one dentist without a history of behavioral risk factors for AIDS had serum antibodies to HIV. We conclude that despite infrequent compliance with recommended infection-control precautions, frequent occupational exposure to persons at increased risk for HIV infection, and frequent accidental puncturing of the skin with sharp instruments, dental professionals are at low occupational risk for HIV infection.     

Markers predicting progression of human immunodeficiency virus-related disease.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) interacts with the immune system throughout the course of infection. For most of the disease process, HIV activates the immune system, and the degree of activation can be assessed by measuring serum levels of molecules such as beta 2-microglobulin and neopterin, as well as other serum and cell surface phenotype markers. The levels of some of these markers correlate with clinical progression of HIV disease, and these markers may be useful as surrogate markers for development of clinical AIDS. Because the likelihood and timing of development of clinical AIDS following seroconversion, for any particular individual, are not readily predictable, the use of nonclinical disease markers has become critically important to patient management. Surrogate markers of HIV infection are, by definition, measurable traits that correlate with disease progression. An ideal marker should identify patients at highest risk of disease progression, provide information on how long an individual has been infected, help in staging HIV disease, predict development of opportunistic infections associated with AIDS, monitor the therapeutic efficacy of immunomodulating or antiviral treatments, and the easily quantifiable, reliable, clinically available, and affordable. This review examines the current state of knowledge and the role of surrogate markers in the natural history and treatment of HIV infection. The clinical usefulness of each marker is assessed with respect to the criteria outlined for the ideal surrogate marker for HIV disease progression.     

Survival rates in NYC in the era of combination ART

BACKGROUND: Since the advent of combined antiretroviral therapy in 1996, substantial decreases in HIV-related morbidity and mortality have been observed in the United States and other developed countries. To assess the effects on overall survival and for specific AIDS-defining illnesses (ADIs), survival among persons with AIDS (PWAs) in New York City (NYC) before and after the introduction of combination therapy was investigated. METHODS: Survival among 79,878 PWAs diagnosed between 1990 and 1998 and reported through March 2001 was estimated. Cumulative survival at 24 months among PWAs was estimated by actuarial methods, and Cox proportional hazards model adjusted for covariates was used to estimate the relative hazard (RH) of death for specific ADIs over time. RESULTS: Overall cumulative survival at 24 months increased from 43% among PWAs diagnosed during 1990-1995 to 76% for those diagnosed 1996-1998. Improving survival for all ADIs was found among PWAs diagnosed after 1995, but changes for immunoblastic lymphoma, primary lymphoma of the brain, and invasive cervical cancer were only moderate and were statistically (p >.05) insignificant. Burkitt lymphoma, immunoblastic lymphoma, invasive cervical cancer, and primary lymphoma of the brain had the highest RH of death among PWAs diagnosed after 1995. CONCLUSIONS: Substantial improvements in survival after 1995 were found for all PWAs but varied by gender, race, risk, socioeconomic status, and specific ADIs. Consistent with other studies, neoplastic ADIs have shown less improvement than other diseases after 1995. The relatively poor outcome of PWAs with neoplastic diseases requires further investigation.     

Conceptual and methodological issues in research on age and aging

Studies of HIV/AIDS in people older than age 50 typically must address a series of distinct, age-related methodological concerns if they are to develop and implement age-sensitive research designs and measures. In this article, the authors identify and discuss seven methodological challenges that researchers confront when planning and conducting studies of how HIV/AIDS affects older adults. These challenges involve the following: defining who qualifies as an older adult in studies of HIV/AIDS and aging; determining which subset of older adults to study; selecting an appropriate level of analysis; measuring age and aging as research constructs; confronting the practical problems of studying people whose ages are nearing the end of the human life course; resolving the ethical dilemmas of HIV/AIDS research that targets older adults; and successfully going from research to practice in disseminating study findings.