五态性格测验对大学生人格测量的适用性-与16PF的对比研究

目的研究五态性格测验对大学生人格测量的适用性。方法采用五态性格测验与卡特尔16种人格因素调查表(16PF)为工具对237大学生的人格特质测量进行对比研究。结果1男生在五态性格测验的太阳和阴阳平和2个维度得分显著高于女性(P<0.05,P<0.01),并在16PF的自律性和创造能力维度得分显著高于女生(P<0.01,P<0.05),而在乐群性、世故性和紧张性维度得分则显著低于女生(P<0.01,P<0.05,P<0.01);2五态性格测验在地域变量无显著差异,而在16PF,北方学生在自律性维度得分显著高于南方学生(P<0.01);3除未体现16PF的聪慧性、幻想性、世故性、实验性和创造能力等维度外,五态性格测验与16PF其余相对应的维度之间有显著相关。结论五态性格测验适用于大学生人格测量。     

PI-WSUR量表在中国大学生人群中的修订

目的:本研究旨在将帕多瓦量表-华盛顿州立大学修订版(Padua Inventory-washington State University Re-vision.PI-WSUR)引进中国.考察PI-WSUR在中国非临床样本中的效度和信度.方法:随机抽取673名大学生完成各项量表,并对其中的153名大学生进行了重测.结果:效度检验:检验结构效度获得个5因素,与原量表一致,各因素都具有良好的区分效度(P<0.05;P<0.001)和校标效度(P<0.01);信度检验:PI-WSUR总分的d系数为0.90,各因素α系数分别为0.77,0.80,0.87,0.80,0.74,重测信度分别为0.59,0.53.0.61,0.74,0.60.本研究在PI-WSUR总分上未发现性别差异,但是女性被试在"污染/清洗强迫"的得分显著高于男性(P<0.000);男性被试在"伤害他人/自己的强迫冲动"的得分显著高于女性(P<0.01).结论:PI-WSUR具备合格的效度和信度.     

军人一般能力测验的信度及效度分析

目的编制《军人一般能力测验》问卷,并对其进行信效度研究。方法运用重测信度法和pearson相关法计算相关,研究重测信度以及效标关联效度;运用Kaiser标准化的正交旋转法研究结构效度。结果探索性因素分析结果表明,军人一般能力测验量表存在的5个独立维度(KMO=0.78,P0.01);量表的内部一致性系数为0.89,各维度的内部一致性系数介于0.82~0.91之间;问卷中各维度之间具有显著相关(r=0.19~0.67,P0.05),各维度与总分具有很高的相关性(r=0.47~0.78,P0.01),表明量表信度和效度良好。问卷总分与被试年龄无显著相关;问卷各维度与韦氏智力测验相应部分有显著相关(r=0.615~0.977,P0.01);问卷各维度得分与20门学习科目考试成绩有显著相关(r=0.436~0.983,P0.01),表明量表的效标关联效度较好。结论《军人一般能力测验》具有较高的信度和效度,具有一定的实用性。     

基层党政干部幸福感特点及其与人格的关系

目的:考查基层党政干部幸福感的特点及其与人格的关系。方法:本研究选取837名基层党政干部,采用完全本土化的基层党政干部幸福感量表和中国人人格量表进行评定。结果:在自信乐观维度上男性得分显著低于女性得分;在融洽顺心、家庭幸福、自我实现、自信乐观、子女成长以及幸福感总分上,东部地区的被试得分显著高于中部和西部地区的被试,而中、西部被试之间差异不显著;在社会安定维度上,东部地区被试得分显著高于西部地区被试;在融洽顺心维度上,科员被试的得分显著的高于处级和科级被试的得分,已婚被试得分显著高于未婚被试的得分;在事业亲情维度上,科员被试的得分显著低于科级被试的得分;在家庭幸福维度上,离异被试的得分显著低于未婚和已婚被试的得分。回归分析表明人格的处世态度、才干、外向性可以正向预测个体的幸福感水平,而行事风格则可以负向预测其幸福感水平。结论:不同性别、地区、级别和婚姻状况的基层党政干部的幸福感水平存在显著差异;人格特质可以有效预测个体的幸福感水平。     

反社会人格倾向评估问卷的编制与信效度分析

目的编制《反社会人格倾向评估问卷》(以下简称《问卷》),提供评价反社会人格倾向的有效测量工具及理论依据。方法采用定性与定量研究相结合的研究方式编制《问卷》,并用其对9718名正常被试和1347名青少年罪犯进行测试,评价其信度和效度。结果①探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析表明《问卷》具有良好的结构效度。反社会人格倾向组被试在《问卷》上的得分高于正常组,有显著性差异(P0.01),验证了良好的区分效度;②品行问题、冲动控制、攻击倾向3个分量表的C ronbach'sα系数分为0.86、0.88、0.76;3个分量表重测信度分别为0.87、0.82、0.91,均具有显著性(P0.01)。结论《反社会人格倾向评估问卷》具有较好的信度和效度,是评价反社会变态人格倾向的有效工具。     

K校正分对不同精神障碍患者MMPI测图的影响

众所周知 ,ＭＭＰＩ是目前应用最为广泛的人格测验之一 ,尤其在精神疾病的辅助诊断中更有着不可替代的作用。因此 ,提高ＭＭＰＩ的诊断符合率 ,即提高ＭＭＰＩ的临床效度有着十分积极的意义。Ｋ量表作为ＭＭＰＩ四个效度量表之一含 30个题目 ,Ｋ量表得分的高低可以反映受试者的自我防御倾向 ,从而反映出被试测验态度。一般来讲 ,Ｋ低分者临床量表的得分会普遍升高 ,Ｋ高分者临床量表的得分会普遍降低 ,加相应的Ｋ函数 ,就可以校正态度倾向性对各临床量表的影响 ,达到提高ＭＭＰＩ的临床效度的目的。宋维真等 (1989)在论及关于Ｈｓ、Ｐｄ、Ｐ…     

基于展开反应机制的人格量表编制:以大学生性格倾向量表为例

目的:基于拓广等级展开模型(简称GGUM)编制大学生性格倾向量表(简称CTS-GGUM),并与基于因素分析方法构建的量表(简称CTS-FA)进行比较,探索基于展开反应机制编制人格量表的可行性。方法:根据三所大学1209名有效被试的作答数据,分别基于GGUM与因素分析方法进行量表编制并作比较。结果:CTS-GGUM保留了更多的中段项目,内容效度为0.718,效标关联效度为0.699,同质性信度为0.740,其中同质信度与效标关联效度略低于CTS-FA。结论:基于展开反应机制编制人格量表具有可行性,它有更好的被试区分能力,并能提高特质中段被试的测量精度。     

社会比较倾向量表中文版的信效度检验

目的:考察社会比较倾向量表中文版的信度和效度。方法:两个样本共计1023名被试完成社会比较倾向量表的问卷调查。结果:项目分析显示,11个题目在项目-总分相关及项目鉴别度上均符合测量学要求。探索性因素分析获得两个因素:能力和观念,累计解释的方差为55．6％;验证性因素分析验证了双维的量表结构(CMIN／DF=3．91,CFI=0．96,GFI=0．95,AGFI=0．96,RMSEA=0．05)。量表的内部一致性信度系数为0．88,四周后重测信度为0．89。分析显示,男性被试的得分(39．4±8．7)显著低于女性被试的得分(41．4±7．3,P<0．01,t=-4．06);学生样本的得分(41．3±7．5)显著高于员工样本 (39．5±8．6,t=3．48,P<0．01);量表与各效标量表的相关关系符合理论预期,具有较好的效标关联效度。结论:本研究修订的社会比较倾向量表具有较好的信度、效度,可以满足今后国内有关研究和应用的需要。     

注意缺陷多动障碍患儿执行功能特征

目的:探讨注意缺陷多动障碍患儿的执行功能特征。方法:符合DSM-Ⅳ诊断标准的ADHD儿童114名,正常对照组76名。采用威斯康星分类卡片测验、持续性操作测验、STROOP字色干扰测验评定其执行功能。结果:WCST测验ADHD组总应答数、完成第一个分类所需应答数和持续性应答数得分均高于正常对照组(P0.05);而其完成分类数、正确思考时间和不能维持完整分类数得分均显著低于正常对照组(P0.01);CPT测验ADHD组错误数和漏报数得分均明显高于正常对照组(P0.01);STROOP测验ADHD组色词阅读错误数、颜色命名错误数和颜色干扰命名错误数得分均明显高于正常对照组(P0.01);差异均具有统计学意义。结论:ADHD患儿存在执行功能的缺陷,以持续性注意缺陷、行为抑制为主要特征。     

2008年毕业大学生职业生涯规划研究

为研究就业和未就业大学生性格、职业兴趣的差异,为其职业生涯规划提供参考依据。采用卡特尔16项人格测试量表和霍兰德职业能力测验量表以及电话访谈形式对87名2008年毕业大学生进行调查。结果发现,就业大学生在乐群性、敢为性、世故性因素上显著高于未就业大学生(P<0.01);未就业大学生兴趣因素得分分布在48.47~68.06,属中等水平,没有明显的兴趣偏向。卡特尔16项人格测试量表与霍兰德职业能力测验对于大学生职业生涯规划起到一定指导作用。     

Measuring sense of community: A methodological interpretation of the factor structure debate

Instability in the factor structure of the Sense of Community Index (SCI) was tested as a methodological artifact. Confirmatory factor analyses, tested with two data sets, supported neither the proposed one‐factor nor the four‐factor (needs fulfillment, group membership, influence, and emotional connection) SCI. Results demonstrated that the SCI was best described by four factors in combination with two method factors (i.e., one factor including only positively worded items and another including only negatively worded items). Analyses comparing SCI and method factors showed that positively and negatively worded items correlated differently with measures of citizen participation, psychological empowerment, and health‐related quality of life. Results indicate that the SCI should be revised to exclude negatively worded items and new positively worded items should be developed and tested. The effects of method variance and alternative solutions to the psychometric issues in the SCI are discussed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

A case for clarity in the writing of health statements

OBJECTIVE: While effectively written health-related materials can facilitate self-care, using negative wording may backfire, as patients may forget negations and remember the opposite of intended information. The present study attempts to determine if older readers are particularly susceptible to misremembering negatively worded health-related statements. METHODS: Younger and older adults read positively and negatively worded statements and were later tested for memory of the exact statements, statements opposite in meaning due to the addition or deletion of a negation, and entirely new statements. RESULTS: For intact statements, both groups recognized more positive than negative statements. When statements reversed meanings, younger adults were more likely to accurately recognize items that changed from negative to positive than were older adults, who were more likely to incorrectly endorse changed items as intact when items began negative and became positive than the reverse. CONCLUSION: The inclusion of negations, often used in attention-grabbing techniques such as myth-busting, can backfire, especially among older audiences who are less likely to accurately remember negatively worded items and especially likely to endorse their positive counterparts. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Designers of healthcare materials should avoid using negatively worded statements, which may be misremembered by vulnerable populations, in favor of positive wording.     

米隆临床多轴问卷第三版的信效度研究

目的:引入米隆临床多轴问卷第三版(Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory Ⅲ,MCMI-Ⅲ),初步检验其信效度。方法:用MCMI-Ⅲ对病例组被试及正常人进行施测。部分病例组被试同时完成SAS、SDS、HAMA、HAMD;部分病例组被试7-14天后完成重测。结果:总量表的Cronbachα系数、分半信度分别为0.96、0.92,分量表的α系数及分半信度均值分别为0.72,0.71;重测信度均值为0.71;绝大多数条目的题总相关达显著(P0.05)或极显著性水平(P0.01);绝大多数分量表之间的相关显著;SAS、SDS、HAMA、HAMD与MCMI-Ⅲ相应分量表的相关均达到极显著性水平(P0.01);病例组与对照组在绝大多数分量表的得分差异显著。结论:MCMI-Ⅲ符合心理测量学要求,具有良好的信度和效度。     

Effect of the framing of questionnaire items regarding satisfaction with training on residents' responses.

PURPOSE: To determine whether framing questions positively or negatively influences residents' apparent satisfaction with their training. METHOD: In 1993-94, 276 residents at five Canadian internal medicine residency programs responded to 53 Likert-scale items designed to determine sources of the residents' satisfaction and stress. Two versions of the questionnaire were randomly distributed: one in which half the items were stated positively and the other half negatively, the other version in which the items were stated in the opposite way. RESULTS: The residents scored 43 of the 53 items higher when stated positively and scored ten higher when stated negatively (p < .0001). When analyzed using an analysis-of-variance model, the effect of positive versus negative framing was highly significant (F = 129.81, p < .0001). While the interaction between item and framing was also significant, the effect was much less strong (F = 5.56, p < .0001). On a scale where 1 represented the lowest possible level of satisfaction and 7 the highest, the mean score of the positively stated items was 4.1 and that of the negatively stated items, 3.8, an effect of 0.3. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest a significant "response acquiescence bias." To minimize this bias, questionnaires assessing attitudes toward educational programs should include a mix of positively and negatively stated items.     

医学院校护理专业男生心理健康状况调查研究

目的 了解医学院校护理专业男生心理健康状况.方法 采用90项症状自评量表和自行设计调查表对山东省滨州医学院护理专业全体在校男生62人进行调查.结果 护理专业男生在强迫、人际敏感、敌意、妄想、精神病性各因子中得分显著(P＜0.01)高于临床专业学生;护理专业男生在躯体化、强迫、抑郁、焦虑、恐怖、各因子中得分显著低于全国大学生(P＜0.01,或P＜0.05);护理专业男生在敌意、妄想、精神病性各因子中得分显著高于青年组常模.结论 医学院校护理专业男生总体心理健康状况良好,部分心理问题较突出.     

95后大学新生心理适应与心理健康的关系:自我接纳的中介作用

目的:研究心理适应与自我接纳对95后大学新生心理健康的影响及其路径,以期为新生适应性教育、心理健康教育提供新的思路。方法:采用方便抽样法,选取广东某综合性大学2014级879名大一新生作为被试,在入学2个月后进行现场测试,分别采用大学新生适应量表、症状自评量表以及自我接纳量表进行调查。结果:1大学新生的心理适应总分与人际关系因子的得分性别差异显著(t=-2.43,P0.05;t=-2.66,P0.01),女生得分显著高于男生。在独立生活维度,文科生的困扰明显多于理科生(t=3.50,P0.001);学习方法上,独生子女的困扰明显高于非独生子女(t=3.10,P0.01);而在资源利用、人际关系以及心理适应总分上,非独生子女的困扰显著高于独生子女(t=-3.73,P0.001;t=-2.67,P0.01;t=-2.03,P0.05);2心理适应得分与心理健康量表得分间存在显著正相关,与自我接纳各因素得分间存在显著负相关,自我接纳水平与心理健康量表得分存在显著负相关(|r|=0.16~0.51;P均0.05)。回归分析表明,自我接纳总分、抑郁对新生心理适应水平有较强的预测性;3经结构方程模型检验,自我接纳在心理适应与心理健康之间起着完全中介的作用,心理适应通过自我接纳,对心理健康产生影响。结论:95后大学新生的自我接纳在心理适应与心理健康之间起着完全中介的作用,心理适应通过促进自我接纳而抑制其心理健康风险。     

广场集体舞蹈对老年心理健康的影响研究

目的 研究广场集体舞蹈对老年人心理健康的影响.方法 采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)对坚持参加广场集体舞蹈锻炼的老年人进行调查研究.结果 坚持广场集体舞蹈锻炼老年人的症状自评量表总均分和阳性项目数均显著低于对照组(t=-2.70,P＜0.01);除强迫症状、敌对、恐怖等项目外.各因子均分显著低于对照组(P＜0.01);...     

流调中心抑郁量表全国城市常模的建立

目的:验证流调中心抑郁量表(The Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale,CES-D)在我国城市人群中不同年龄组的适用性,并建立各年龄组常模。方法:采用横断面研究方法,在全国21省39座城市收集普通人群样本16047名[年龄11～100岁,平均(37.7±21.3)岁]以建立常模,在4个城市的精神科门诊与住院病人中选取病人样本349名[年龄16～81岁,平均(32.0±12.1)岁]以检验效标效度。从普通人群样本中抽取北京、东莞、包头的199名企业职工、100名大学生、30名教师进行了间隔8周的重测,以检验重测信度。结果:CES-D的Cronbachα系数为0.90,各因素的Cronbachα系数为0.68～0.86;间隔8周的重测信度为0.49(P0.01),各因素重测相关为0.39～0.51(P0.01);验证性因素分析支持原量表4因素的结构(RMSEA=0.057,CFI=0.976,GFI=0.948);心理疾病患者CES-D得分高于普通人群[(21.72±13.39)vs.(13.24±10.33),P0.01)],其中抑郁患者得分最高[(27.82±14.42),P0.01];不同年龄组CES-D得分差异有统计学意义,60岁以上组得分高于60岁以下各组(P0.01)。结论:中文版流调中心抑郁量表适用于我国不同年龄群体,是一个可靠而有效的自评式抑郁症状测量工具。     

Development and validation of the Communication and Attitudinal Self-Efficacy scale for cancer (CASE-cancer)

We sought to develop a reliable and valid measure of patient self-efficacy within the context of productive communication and positive attitude for cancer patients. A set of 19 potential items for the Communication and Attitudinal Self-Efficacy scale for cancer (CASE-cancer) was pilot tested with 50 cancer patients. Based on the pilot test, item valence was made consistent (i.e., all items worded positively) and the response scale was simplified. The CASE-cancer was then administered to 127 persons receiving cancer treatment at general oncology clinics in Shreveport, Louisiana and Chicago, Illinois. Psychometric analyses revealed three 4-item factors: understanding and participating in care, maintaining a positive attitude, and seeking and obtaining information. The CASE-cancer proved to have high internal consistency and construct validity. Moreover, scale items performed similarly across literacy levels. The CASE-cancer is a psychometrically-sound tool that may provide new information on important mediating factors of cancer care. Our two-step approach to presenting response options may also provide a model for helping lower literate patients more accurately respond to survey items.     

精神病专科医院医务人员职业倦怠现况调查

目的:了解精神科医务人员的职业倦怠水平、分布情况和社会支持对职业倦怠的影响,为防控精神科医务人员职业倦怠提供参考资料。方法:通过对西安市二级及以上精神病专科医院347名医务人员整群抽样调查,采用工作倦怠问卷和社会支持评定量表测定医务人员的职业倦怠水平和获得的社会支持情况。结果:情感衰竭(20.50±7.60)分,人格解体(9.93±4.94)分,成就感降低(24.65±6.04)分。倦怠检出率:轻度倦怠162人(46.69%),中度倦怠131人(37.75%),重度倦怠42人(12.10%)。男性在人格解体维度得分高于女性(t=-2.99,P0.05);各年龄段间人格解体维度得分差异具有统计学意义(F=3.91,P0.01);护士在情感衰竭(F=3.49,P0.01)、人格解体维度(F=4.22,P0.01)得分与医生和医技人员有统计学意义。医生客观支持得分与护士、医技人员差异有统计学意义(F=5.93,P0.01),社会支持的3个维度与人格解体呈显著负相关(r=-0.16~-0.22,P0.01),与成就感降低呈显著正相关(r=0.18~0.22,P0.01)。结论:精神科医务人员职业倦怠显著,男性和护理人员突出,需要增加社会支持以改善精神科医务人员的职业倦怠情况。