妊娠期宫颈机能不全宫颈缝扎手术时机的探讨

目的:探讨妊娠期因宫颈机能不全行宫颈缝扎术的时机。方法:对我院2000年1月~2004年12月31例因妊娠期宫颈机能不全行宫颈缝扎术的病例的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果:宫口开大≤2 cm者,手术成功率为81.82%;宫口开大>2 cm者,手术成功率为44.44%,两者间比较,有显著性差异(P<0.05)。孕周为12~18周者,手术成功率为83.33%;孕周>18周者,手术成功率为53.85%,两者差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论:妊娠期宫颈机能不全缝扎时机与宫口开张有关,与孕周无关。     

Mortality predictions for Ireland, 2001–2015: cancers of the breast, ovary, and cervix and corpus uteri

Abstract.   O'Lorcain P, Comber H. Mortality predictions for Ireland, 2001–2015: cancers of the breast, ovary, cervix and corpus uteri. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2006; 16(Suppl. 1): 1–10.
Linear and log-linear Poisson regression models of Irish breast, ovarian, and cervical and corpus uterine cancer mortality data for the years 1953–2000 were used to predict European age standardized mortality rates (EASMRs) per 100,000 person years and numbers of deaths for the period 2001–2015. Rates for the whole population and for those under 65 are expected to fall from their current levels for breast and corpus uterine cancers but not for ovarian and cervical uterine cancers. EASMRs for postmenopausal women aged between 55 and 69 years are predicted to fall for breast, ovarian, and cervical and corpus uterine cancers. The continuing expansion of the Irish female population is the primary reason why the numbers of deaths arising from breast, ovarian, and cervical uterine cancer are predicted to increase in all of the above age groups. It is not exactly clear why the numbers of corpus uterine cancer deaths are expected to continue to decline, but it may be a matter of improvement in overall death-certificate coding or their diagnoses as cervical cancer deaths.     

Impact of early admission in labor on method of delivery.

OBJECTIVE: The effect of the timing of admission in labor unit on the method of delivery was evaluated in a cohort study. METHOD: Four hundred and sixty six low-risk nulliparous women who were admitted in the labor unit in latent phase (group 1) were compared with 329 parturient women who were admitted in the active phase (group 2) to determine rate of and reasons for cesarean section, cervical dilation at the time of cesarean, and the rate of labor augmentation. RESULT: The number of cesarean deliveries in group 1 was greater than that in the group 2 (301 vs 80, p<0.0001 ). The main reason for cesarean section in group 1 was dystocia, and in 2, fetal distress. The rate of cesarean section in the women who were augmented was greater in group 1 than in group 2 (54% vs 23%, p<0.0001). CONCLUSION: Later admission in labor increases the rate of spontaneous vaginal delivery in low risk nulliparous women.     

Lung cancer mortality in European women: recent trends and perspectives

Background: Lung cancer mortality in men has been decliningsince the late 1980s in most European countries. In women, althoughrates are still appreciably lower than those for men, steadyupward trends have been observed in most countries. To quantifythe current and future lung cancer epidemic in European women,trends in lung cancer mortality in women over the last fourdecades were analyzed, with specific focus on the young. Patients and methods: Age-standardized (world standard) lungcancer mortality rates per 100 000 women—at all ages,and truncated 35–64 and 20–44 years—were derivedfrom the WHO for the European Union (EU) as a whole and for33 separate European countries. Joinpoint regression analysiswas used to identify points where a significant change in trendsoccurred. Results: In the EU overall, female lung cancer mortality ratesrose by 23.8% between 1980–1981 and 1990–1991 (from7.8 to 9.6/100 000), and by 16.1% thereafter, to reach the valueof 11.2/100 000 in 2000–2001. Increases were smaller inthe last decade in several countries. Only in England and Wales,Latvia, Lithuania, Russia and Ukraine did female lung cancermortality show a decrease over the last decade. In several Europeancountries, a decline in lung cancer mortality in young women(20–44 years) was observed over the last decade. Conclusions: Although female lung cancer mortality is stillincreasing in most European countries, the more favorable trendsin young women over recent calendar years suggest that if effectiveinterventions to control tobacco smoking in women are implemented,the lung cancer epidemic in European women will not reach thelevels observed in the USA. Key words: Europe, lung cancer, mortality, trends, women     

Experiences with a compound method for estimating the time since death.

The temperature-based nomogram method for estimation of the time period since death was used at the scene of death as the primary method within a compound method in 72 consecutive cases. The situation and cooling conditions inspected and evaluated by the forensic pathologist at the scene are described as far as necessary to enable handling of the method. A comparison of the estimated period since death with the period determined by the police investigations demonstrates the reliability of the method. There were no contradictions in any of the 60 cases between the period of death estimated by this method and that determined by the police investigations. The criminal investigations were effectively supported in the earliest stages in 11 cases despite the fact that the period estimated was of considerable duration.     

出生缺陷对中国围产儿死亡的影响

目的 分析1990～2001年期间中国围产儿死亡率以及死亡围产儿中出生缺陷发生率的变化趋势,探讨出生缺陷对围产儿死亡的影响。方法 资料来源于中国出生缺陷监测网,采用以医院为基础的监测方法收集资料。调查对象为孕28周到产后7天住院分娩的围产儿。把资料按出生地分为城乡两组,按地理位置和经济发展水平分为沿海、内地、边远地区三组,调查围产儿死亡率和死亡围产儿中出生缺陷的发生率。结果 中国围产儿死亡率由1990年的22.85‰下降到2001年的13.26‰,呈下降趋势;死胎死产率和早期新生儿死亡比例也呈下降趋势。同期围产儿出生缺陷死亡专率呈下降趋势,但死亡围产儿中出生缺陷的发生率却逐年上升;在城镇和乡村以及沿海、内地、边远三类地区中都观察到同样变化趋势,1996～2001年间趋势更为明显。死亡围产儿中出生缺陷发生率城镇高于乡村,沿海和内地高于边远地区。结论 出生缺陷在死亡围产儿中的比例逐年上升,成为导致围产儿死亡的主要原因。     

不同保存条件对丙型肝炎病毒核酸稳定性的影响

目的探讨不同温度和时间条件下保存对血液中丙型肝炎病毒核酸(HCV RNA)稳定性的影响。方法采集12名丙型肝炎患者4 ml的外周血,分装、保存在不同温度及相同温度下的不同时间,利用实时荧光定量PCR检测其不同时间点血浆HCV RNA的水平(log IU/ml),并与该血液标本的起始HCV RNA水平做比较分析。结果当血液标本中的HCV RNA起始水平≥105IU/ml时,在25℃放置6 h后转至4℃保存18 h(a)、25℃放置12 h后转至4℃保存12 h(b)及4℃放置24 h(c)等3种保存条件,24 h时内检测到血液标本的HCV RNA水平105IU/ml组分别为(5.15±0.16)、(5.15±0.15)及(5.16±0.16)IU/ml(P>0.05),107 IU/ml组分别为(7.45±0.21)、(7.44±0.23)及(7.45±0.24)IU/ml(P>0.05);当血液标本中HCV RNA起始水平在临界范围[(3.38±0.14)IU/ml]时,在条件a、b保存24 h血液标本的HCV RNA含量分别为(2.28±1.52)IU/ml、0(均为P<0.01),而条件c保存24 h血液标本的HCV RNA含量为(3.28±0.20)IU/ml(P>0.05);当血液标本中HCV RNA起始水平为103 IU/ml时,在4℃保存48 h时HCV RNA含量为(2.31±1.54)IU/ml(P<0.01)。结论当血液中HCVRNA起始浓度较低时,HCV RNA的稳定性较差,短时常温保存都会造成病毒核酸的降解。     

The Influence of Varying Precompaction and Main Compaction Profile Parameters on the Mechanical Strength of Compacts

The purpose of this work was to investigate how altering the method of force application could be beneficial to tablet production in order to increase tablet strength and eliminate or minimize the incidence of capping and lamination. An integrated compaction research system (i.e., compaction simulator) was used throughout this study. Compaction profiles containing a single compaction event and a double (pre- and main) compaction event were created. The ratio and magnitude of the pre- and main compaction pressures were varied and the time interval between the pre- and main compaction events was altered to determine the effects on the crushing strengths and capping tendency of the final compacts. In all cases, for a given pressure, the double compaction event produced stronger tablets than the single compaction event. When the ratio and magnitude of the pre- and main compaction pressures were varied, the results differed depending on the material undergoing compaction. Dicalcium phosphate/microcrystalline cellulose and pregelatinized starch tablets had no significant difference in crushing strength values regardless of whether the precompaction pressure was less than or greater than the main compaction pressure. However, both direct compression (DC) acetaminophen and DC ibuprofen were found to have increased crushing strengths and decreased capping/lamination when the precompaction pressure was less than the main compaction pressure. When the time interval between the pre- and main compaction events was varied from 30 to 500 msec, no significant difference in the crushing strength or capping/lamination tendency was observed. It was concluded that the effect of altering the ratio and magnitude of the pre- and main compaction pressures varied from one material to another, suggesting that the profiles should be tailored individually for the specific material undergoing compaction.