Serum digoxin and beta-methyldigoxin in elderly patients on hospital admission: correlation with home compliance and clinical variables

Summary Serum digoxin and beta-methyldigoxin (BMD) were measured in 165 elderly patients (age >60 years) admitted to hospital, of whom 109 had been treated at home with digoxin and 56 with BMD.The mean BMD level was significantly lower than that of digoxin (1.1 vs. 1.4 ng/ml). Creatinine clearance and daily dose were the variables most strongly associated with digoxin level, and the prescribed dose and serum albumin were the best predictors of the BMD concentration. Compliance was assessed by a compliance index (CI), namely the ratio of the measured glycoside concentration, corrected for creatinine clearance, over the expected steady-state dose, calculated from a hospitalized reference group. Compliant individuals in both treatment groups, i.e. those with a CI > the median value, were characterized by a lower daily dose and dosage frequency.Toxicity, whether clinical or electrocardiographic, was present in 9% of the patients and was associated only with a significantly higher mean serum level of the drug.     

11项心功能指标的计算方法及微机处理

本文用OMEGA 500型Υ相机和MCS 560计算系统,即SPECT,R波门控采集心血池图象,在此基础上进行曲线分析,编制BASIC程序计算11项心功能指标。临床应用结果表明:PFR、LVFF、FFR是舒张期功能的优选指标,其它指标对心功能评价也都有显著意义。     

线上教学对八年制医学生皮肤科学习的影响

目的　了解线上教学对北京大学第三医院八年制学生本科阶段皮肤科学习的影响。方法　对北京大学第三医院2020年应用线上教学及2016至2019年应用线下教学的八年制学生在皮肤科理论授课和见习之前和之后分别进行问卷调查,学习后进行笔试考试,对结果进行分析。采用SPSS 21.0软件进行t检验和Mann-Whitney U检验。结果　线上教学八年制学生总数53人,问卷回收率75.5%（80/106）;线下教学八年制学生总数166人,问卷回收率99.1%（329/332）。在理论授课和见习之后,线上教学的考试成绩好于线下教学（P<0.001）;线上教学的学生对于荨麻疹诊断能力的自我评价低于线下教学（P=0.008）;线上教学的学生对于皮肤科在医院中的重要程度评价（P<0.001）和对皮肤科的兴趣（P=0.002）高于线下教学;其他如对皮炎湿疹、痤疮诊断能力的自我评价、以皮肤科为职业的意愿度及皮肤科的难易程度等差异无统计学意义。60.0%（24/40）的学生提交了开放建议,其中最多的建议是希望增加线下见习[22.5%（9/40）]。结论　皮肤科线上教学形式的理论授课和见习对于学生知识点的掌握可能优于线下教学,也更能激发学生的学习兴趣,但学生对某些皮肤科常见病的诊治信心可能略低于线下教学。线上与线下结合可能在未来皮肤科教学中能够发挥更大优势,线上教学的形式和内容也亟须在实践中进一步改进。     

国外经典慢性病管理模式对我国慢性病管理的启示

随着城镇化加快、生活方式变化及全球人口老龄化,慢性病带来的危害日益严重。慢性病的服务提供是卫生服务系统的难题之一,而慢性病管理模式为其创设了一个新的框架。本文主要介绍慢性病照护模式、慢性病自我管理计划和创新型慢性病照护框架3种国外经典慢性病管理模式,从特点、应用效果、局限性等方面进行比较,发现其核心要素包括多方协同、连续性服务、患者自我管理、循证决策、信息技术支持等。以上经验为我国的慢性病管理工作提供了新思路：建立政府主导、多元协同的管理制度,以家庭医生签约服务为“抓手”提高服务连续性,借力智慧医疗并强化患者赋能等,以期取得更好的慢性病管理效果。     

纳米颗粒和外泌体靶向载药系统诊治动脉粥样硬化的机遇与挑战

动脉粥样硬化是一种慢性炎症性疾病,粥样斑块慢性聚集并沉积于大中型动脉内膜,导致严重的狭窄和血运障碍,引发组织器官缺血缺氧。纳米药物相对于传统药物在动脉粥样硬化治疗中因其具有独特的优势而广泛受到关注。本文重点综述几种纳米靶向颗粒（系统）和外泌体靶向载药系统在抗动脉粥样硬化研究中的应用,简述代表性纳米材料的合成过程,对其靶向性进行分析,并概述纳米药物的益处和内在挑战。尽管面临着一些需要解决和完善的挑战,但是纳米颗粒和外泌体靶向载药治疗的前景广阔,并有望将其推广应用于临床实践中。     

综合矫正训练方案联合中药熏蒸治疗上交叉综合征疗效观察

<正>上交叉综合征(upper crossed syndrome,UCS)是指因上半身长期处于不良姿势,造成相关肌群功能失衡,进而引起颈肩背部疼痛不适、胸闷、睡眠障碍等一系列不良症状的一种亚健康状态^[1]。UCS常见的体态是圆肩、驼背、头前倾^[2]。目前临床上主要通过纠正局部的肌肉失衡来治疗UCS,常用的方法有运动疗法、肌肉能量技术、针灸和推拿等^[3]。     

七年制生物物理技术教学探索

根据七年制医学生培养要求，在“生物物理技术”教学中，除介绍有关物理方法与技术的原理及在生物医学中的应用外，还尝试了小论文写作和渗透科研思路、方法培养的探索。     

Mutations in VMK1, a mitogen-activated protein kinase gene, affect microsclerotia formation and pathogenicity in Verticillium dahliae

Verticillium dahliae is an important soil-borne fungal pathogen that causes vascular wilt diseases in a large variety of important crop plants. Due to its persistence in the soil, control of Verticillium wilt relies heavily on soil fumigation. The global ban on methyl bromide, a highly effective soil fumigant, poses an urgent need to develop alternative control measures against Verticillium wilt; and these might be more forthcoming with a better understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms that underpin the pathogenicity of V. dahliae. In this study, we assessed the role in growth, development, and pathogenicity of VMK1, a gene encoding a mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase (hence, Verticillium MAP Kinase 1). Disruption of VMK1 via Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation, in two V. dahliae isolates, one from lettuce and the other from tomato, resulted in severely reduced virulence in diverse host plants, suggesting that VMK1 is essential for pathogenicity and that the MAP kinase-mediated signaling pathway has a conserved role in fungal pathogenicity. The vmk1 mutants also exhibited reduced conidiation and microsclerotia formation, suggesting that the gene is important for multiple cellular processes. P.R. and R.G.B. equally contributed to the work     

Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial of Blood Glucose Awareness Training (BGAT III) in Switzerland and Germany

Although both diabetes and the efficacy of medical management are international issues, psycho-educational interventions might be culturally bound. Blood Glucose Awareness Training (BGAT) is a psycho-educational program for patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. It is focused on improving recognition and management of extreme blood glucose levels, and is the best documented American psycho-educational program for this purpose. A randomized controlled clinical trial of BGAT's long-term benefits in a non-American setting has been lacking. One hundred and eleven adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus from Switzerland and Germany participated. After a 6 months baseline assessment, subjects were randomly assigned to receive either 2 months of BGAT (n = 56) or a physician-guided self-help control intervention (n = 55). BGAT improved recognition of low (p = 0.008), high (p = .03), and overall blood glucose (p = 0.001), and reduced frequency of severe hypoglycemia (p = 0.04), without compromising metabolic control. BGAT reduced both the external locus of control (p < 0.02) and fear of hypoglycemia (p < 0.02). BGAT was efficacious in reducing adverse clinical events and achieving clinically desirable goals in a European, as well as American setting.