THE COMPUTERIZED GAIT ANALYSIS SYSTEM AND THREE DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS OF FOOT-GROUND REACTION FORCES DURING LEVEL WALKING

A S9-2 computerized gait analysis system developed by us is reported. The advantages of the system are: synchronous measurement of the forces, angles and time parameters; high efficiency, accuracy and good repeatability; low cost and easy to operate. A three dimensional analysis of the foot-ground reaction forces of 41 normal subjects during level walking was carried out by the S9-2 system and a series of normal values of parameters and characteristic curves were obtained. The mechanism of formation of the parameters and curves and the sex influence were investigated and discussed. In old subject, before the development of "cautious gait", most values of the parameters did not differ significantly from those of the young subjects, except that the centre of gravity of the body crossing the hip earlier with a slight decrease in the medio-lateral balance capacity.     

Improvement in the Treatment of Childhood Cancer: Analysis of Survival Data from the National Children's Hospital (1965-1987)

Developments in the treatment of childhood cancer have beenevaluated in patients who had been treated in the National Children'sHospital from 1965 to 1987. The total number of patients was867, of which leukemia accounted for 376, malignant lymphoma61, neuroblastoma 174, Wilms' tumor 55, yolk sac tumor 29, rhabdomyosarcoma36 and hepatoblastoma 30. Patients were divided into three timeintervals: the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s. A marked improvementin five-year survival was recognized in Wilms' tumor and yolksac tumor, amounting to 80%, followed by rhabdomyosarcoma, acutelymphoblastic leukemia and malignant lymphoma. There was noimprovement in patients with acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia,neuroblastoma and hepatoblastoma. Prognostic factors for neuroblastomawere further analyzed, and the age of onset and stage of diseasewere found to have remained constant for 23 years. Factors relatingto the improvement of survival were discussed.     

Capillary Gas Chromatography and Thermionic N-P-Specific Detection of 13-Bis(2-chloroethyl)-l-nitrosourea (BCNU) or l-(2-Chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-l-nitrosourea (CCNU) in Stability and Pharmacokinetic Studies

An expedient, rapid, and sensitive capillary gas chromatographic method for the analysis of l,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-l-nitrosourea (BCNU) or l-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-l-nitrosourea (CCNU) in plasma is described. Separation of the underivatized nitrosourea compounds was performed on a 0.33-mm-i.d., 25-m fused-silica, SE-30 capillary column, and detection was carried out using a thermionic N–P-specific detector. The compounds were extracted from plasma with benzene with a yield of >87%. The assay was linear in the ranges of 0.001 to 0.5 and 0.5 to 25 µg/ml for CCNU or 0.003 to 0.50 and 0.5 to 25 µg/ml for BCNU, with correlation coefficients from 0.9914 to 0.9999 and coefficients of variation (CV) of <3.3%. Other antineoplastic agents did not interfere in the assay. The method was employed to study the pharmacokinetics of BCNU in rabbits. The plasma concentration-time curves were fit to a two-compartment model with a mean (SE) , , and total-body clearance of 2.898 (0.913) hr^–1, 0.1228 (0.0179) hr^–1, and 7.211 (2.862) liters/hr · kg, respectively. Further, the stability of BCNU and CCNU in solution was examined at different temperatures. Both compounds were stable in benzene or acetone (4 to 37°C) but labile in plasma even if refrigerated. The apparent rate constants for degradation of BCNU and CCNU were 0.09921 and 0.02853 hr^–1 at 4°C and 5.998 and 2.553 hr^–1 at 37°C, respectively.     

Possible site of bronchodilation due to inhaled procaterol aerosol in asthmatic patients

Summary We studied the effective site of an inhaled aerosol of procaterol, a ₂-selective adrenergic bronchodilator, in 8 asthmatic patients whose basal lung functions are almost within the normal range in both slow vital capacity (VC) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV_1.0), and are free from asthmatic attack. In patients who had received procaterol 30 min after inhalation of aerosol, there was no significant change in VC, although FEV_1.0, maximal expiratory flow at 50% VC , maximal expiratory flow at 25% VC and maximal expiratory flow at 30% VC of partial maximal expiratory flow volume curve improved significantly. On the other hand, in those who had received placebo, none of the parameters changed. Furthermore, Rl decreased and C_0.5 increased significantly during the first 5 min after inhalation of procaterol aerosol. After an interval of 5 min, Rl did not change any further, while C_0.5 continued to improve until 30 min after inhalation of procaterol. These results suggest that procaterol may first dilate the large airway and then may gradually dilate the small airway in bronchial asthma.     

Chemical derivatization as a strategy to enhance detectability of agents used in cancer management

The bioanalysis of drugs used in the management of cancer is often complicated by the lack of selectivity and sensitivity. Chemical derivatization of these drugs prior to their chromatographic analysis represents a viable strategy to improve chromatographic resolution and to enhance detectability. This review provides examples of how this approach can meet these objectives. Derivatization of racemic cyclophosphamide with a chiral acylating agent, following hydroxyalkylation to introduce a reactive centre into the molecule, provides the basis for its stereospecific analysis. The analysis of dianhydrogalactitol is described, in which diethyldithiocarbamate is used as a nucleophilic derivatizing agent that improves chromatographic behaviour and analytical sensitivity. The final example that is described is the design and preparation of improved fluorogenic reagents (o-phthalaldehyde analogues) for the derivatization of peptides and application of these reagents to the trace analysis of leu-enkephalin in plasma.     

Simultaneous multiwavelength spectrophotometric quantitation of active components in analgesic formulations. Comparative study of three calculation methods

This work deals with the UV spectrophotometric quantitation of a mixture of compounds with overlapped spectra. The mixture spectrum is resolved by use of three computational programs based on different algorithms, namely Multicomponent Analysis (commercial software available from Hewlett-Packard), MULTIC (relying on multiple regression analysis) and SIMPLEX. The results obtained for mixtures of acetylsalicylic acid, acetaminophen and caffeine in commercial analgesic formulations, are compared.     

The distribution of lead in human hemopoietic tissue and spongy bone after lead poisoning and Ca-EDTA chelation therapy

Two iliac crest needle biopsies were taken from a 43-year-old lead-poisoned woman during and after completion of a Ca-EDTA treatment. By atomic absorption spectroscopy the first and second biopsy were found to contain 56, respectively 41.6 g lead/g wet tissue. In both biopsies 36% of the lead was extractable in 0.1 N HCl. Electron microbeam X-ray analysis proved to have too low sensitivity for quantitation of the lead in these biopsies. Laser microbeam mass analysis (LAMMA), performed only on the second biopsy, revealed a high and fairly constant residual lead concentration in all bone marrow cell nuclei (approximately 55 g/g) and a low lead concentration in the cytoplasm of the same cells (4–12 (g/g). The extracellular bone matrix lead was greatly concentrated in the superficial 3–6 m osteoid zone of the bony trabeculae and totally absent from deeper parts of the mineralized matrix. The LAMMA results are in good agreement with those of subcellular fractionation experiments and atomic absorption spectroscopy, provided that the relative volume fraction of nucleus and cytoplasm is accounted for. The high residual osteoid lead after completed chelation therapy indicates that lead has a stronger affinity for the organic than the mineral components of bone matrix.     

基于ISD模型的突发公共卫生事件全员培训设计与应用分析

目的 北京市某三级医院为提升全员应对突发公共卫生事件的应急处置能力,最大限度保障职工职业安全,实现所有工作人员零感染,开展全员职业培训与考核。方法 采用ISD（instructional system design）模型进行培训课程的系统设计,对全院人员在线学习、电子试卷考核和现场培训、考核结果使用Excel、SPSS 22.0进行分析。结果 参加培训人员经培训后平均得分由84升至100,答题时间由平均308 s缩短为179 s,不同职称人员培训前后考核分数存在差异,不同部门间人员培训前后的考核分数存在差异。结论 在突发公共卫生事件发生时,全员培训及考核是必要的,应用ISD模型有助于快速制定培训方案。在线学习考核的应用是应急全员培训的首选有效方式。     

基于柯式四级评估法的南京市浦口区基层卫生人员培训效果及影响因素分析

目的 采用柯氏四级评估法,系统评价南京市浦口区基层卫生人员的培训效果,为基层卫生人员在职培训方案设计提供依据。方法 通过问卷调查浦口区所有基层医疗卫生机构在岗工作人员的基本情况、培训现况和培训效果,共收集有效问卷428份。采用SPSS 16.0软件进行统计分析,二元或有序Logistic回归筛选相关因素。结果 反映评估中,49.6%（192/387）的人认为参加培训很有意义;学习评估中,51.4%（220/428）的人了解本专业的前沿知识;行为评估中,40.3%（156/387）的人广泛应用了培训的内容;结果评估中,41.3%（177/428）的人表示自己的工作质量非常高。培训频率、时长、专业类别和职称是培训效果的影响因素。结论 总体来看,基层卫生人员培训效果并不理想。提高培训的频率、加强卫生人员对培训重要性的认知、延长培训时长可以有效增强培训效果。     

基于生物信息学筛选甲状腺乳头状癌相关预后基因

目的:通过生物信息学方法分析甲状腺乳头状癌预后相关基因,为后续实验提供理论基础,以便进一步研究甲状腺乳头状癌发生的可能机制。方法:利用生物信息学方法从癌症基因组图谱(the cancer genome atlas, TCGA)数据库中下载甲状腺乳头状癌和癌旁组织样本的RNA测序数据,通过差异分析获取差异基因;利用基因本体论(gene ontology, GO)和京都基因和基因组百科全书(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes Genomes, KEGG)进行差异基因生物学功能和通路富集分析;通过蛋白交互网络分析法(protein-protein interaction, PPI)筛选出关键基因;通过生存分析研究关键基因对甲状腺乳头状癌患者生存预后的影响。结果:在TCGA数据库中共筛选出甲状腺乳头状癌患者237例,其中甲状腺乳头状癌组织212例,甲状腺癌旁组织25例。通过差异基因分析后共筛选出715个差异基因;通路富集分析显示,神经信号转导活性、逆行内源性大麻素信号为主要的信号通路;通过PPI法共筛选出18个关键基因,包含9个上调基因和9个下调基因;通过生存分析发现高表达...