Changes in elderly suicides in the USA and the developed world 1974–87: Comparison with current homicide

Between 1974 and 1987 there were increases overall in male suicide rates in the USA, with the greatest increases among elderly men. While female suicide levels overall fell in the USA, elderly female suicide rates failed to show the same improvement. Compared with the rest of the western world, suicide rates for elderly people in the USA were among the worst. Suicide was far more prevalent than homicide, but this is not reflected in the media, where homicide is given a high profile but where there is relative silence surrounding suicide among elderly people.     

Le suicide par saut et les stratégies de prévention

The topic of this article is to probe into the specificities of suicide by jumping. This means of suicide hasn't been studied much and isn't well known yet.We reviewed the international scientific literature so as to take an in-depth look at this type of auto-aggressive action and highlight the characteristics of the subjects likely to commit suicide by jumping. We thus focus on the available epidemiological data and risk factors associated to suicide jumping. We also describe the prevention strategies most often evoked to deal with this public health issue, which are respectively about improving safety on the identified suicide sites and providing medical and psychological care to individuals likely to commit suicide by jumping.This meta-analysis presents our critical analysis of the methodological limits in the studies exposed. We provide further hints for researching this field of study; they're based on both the taking into account of variables that could be risk factors for this particular means of suicide and the evaluation of the efficiency for the preventive measures used.     

急诊内科自杀未遂病人的临床特点

目的 收集和分析急诊内科自杀未遂病人的临床特点.方法 用自制的《自杀病人情况调查表》对2002年1月～2005年12月在我院急诊内科就诊自杀病人进行登记.结果 急诊内科自杀病人自杀方式以服药为主,服用安定者预后比较好,年龄越小越倾向于采取激烈的自杀方式;自杀者女多于男,男性服农药和灭鼠药的多,女性服安定的多.自杀者的平均年龄为35岁,男性大于女性.结论 急诊内科自杀未遂病人有其特定的临床特点.     

Epidemiologic characteristics of death by poisoning in 1991-2001 in Korea

The purpose of this study was to investigate the epidemiologic characteristics of the death by poisoning in Korea. We recoded the Death Certificates Database by injury based on the short version of the International Classification of External Causes of Injuries (ICECI). We evaluated the mortality rate by total injury and poisoning, and analyzed the mortality rate by age, gender, year and month, toxic agent, and intent. Adjusted odds ratios were calculated to evaluate the effects of socioeconomic factors on suicidal poisoning death. The total number of death cases by injury was 346,656. The proportion of death cases by injury decreased from 13.53% of all death cases in 1991 to 11.89% in 2001. However, the mortality rate by poisoning increased rapidly from 1998, and then remained stable. The number of suicidal poisoning deaths has gradually increased, and its mortality rate was 6.41 (per 100,000) in 2001. Major toxic agents were pesticides and herbicides (50.90%) in 2001. Adjusted odds ratios of suicidal poisoning versus other poisonings showed significant differences in education attainment, region, and marital status. In conclusion, the mortality rate by poisoning has increased, and the proportion of suicidal poisoning also has increased compared to that of accidental poisoning.     

HSV-TK/GCV自杀基因系统治疗宫颈癌的研究

目的探讨HSV-TK/GCV自杀基因系统对人宫颈癌细胞系Hela体外及体内杀伤作用及其产生的旁观者效应.方法采用脂质体转染法将GINaTK载体转入包装细胞PA317.取病毒上清液感染人宫颈癌细胞Hela,得到带有HSV-TK基因的Hela/TK细胞,并将其分别用于体外和体内实验.结果载体HSV-TK导入了PA317细胞.体外实验结果显示,当Hela/TK细胞数占混合细胞10%时,低浓度(10μg/ml)的GCV就可将50%左右的肿瘤细胞杀死.体内实验结果显示GCV可明显抑制Hela/TK细胞在BALB/C小鼠体内的肿瘤形成.经GCV治疗后,肿瘤体积分别较对照组肿瘤体积缩小约11.1%、30.6%和47.2%(均P＜0.001);RT-PCR检测HSV-TK基因在肿瘤组织中有表达;实验组肿瘤组织与对照组相比存在明显的病理学改变.结论逆转录病毒可介导HSV-TK基因转入人宫颈癌细胞Hela并获稳定表达,HSV-TK/GCV自杀基因系统在体内外对宫颈癌细胞均有杀伤作用,且存在明显的旁观者效应.     

住院病人中有自杀倾向者的原因及对策

目的 探讨住院病人中有自杀倾向者的原因与对策.方法 收集采取干预措施前后5个年度的住院病人为研究对象.并对其中有自杀倾向者患者的资料进行统计学处理.结果 采取干预措施前后有自杀倾向者的病人比率并未减少,但自杀死亡率明显降低,P＜0.05.结论 引发病人自杀死亡的原因中,以各类早期癌症、恶劣心境为高危人群,采取适合于病人的个性化防范措施能有效地干预病人的自杀行为.     

大学生自杀的原因和预防策略

目的 探讨大学生自杀的原因,并针对这些原因提出相应的预防措施.方法 采用综述的方法,分别从社会角度、学校角度、家庭角度和大学生自身等方面分析其自杀的原因.结果 从文献可以看出,自杀是导致大学生死亡的主要原因之一.研究发现近年来大学生自杀人数呈上升趋势,大学生自杀的问题应该引起社会的高度重视.结论 干预策略对于预防大学生自杀有一定的现实意义.     

Site-specific homologous recombination mutagenesis in group B streptococci

We describe the use of suicide vectors to generate site-specific mutations in group B streptococcus. This is accomplished by cloning gene-specific sequences into a temperature sensitive plasmid and selecting for clones which have undergone homologous recombination. The recombinan clones can be easily isolated by selecting for clones which have retained the antibiotic resistance markers that are present on the vector or cloned into the gene-specific sequences. To confirm the fidelity of the recombination events, PCR analysis is performed on chromosomal DNA isolated from the recombinant clones. Using this strategy, we have generated site- specific insertions in several capsule genes and have found that these insertions occurred as expected and that the mutations result in loss of capsule expression. In this report, we specifically detail the construction of cpsB mutants by single and double cross-over recombination and demonstrate that the resulting strains are acapsular.     

酒中毒自杀行为危险因素的Logistic回归分析

目的:探讨酒中毒患者自杀行为的危险因素。方法:对76例有自杀行为的酒中患者和496例无自杀行为的酒中毒患者进行对照研究。结果:Logistic回归分析筛选出的主要危险因素为:抑郁、幻觉、妄想、自杀家族史、病前生活事件;单因素分析筛选出的主要危险因素为:抑郁、幻觉、妄想、慢性酒中毒、病前生活事件、紧张焦虑、自杀家族史。结论:提示酒中毒自杀行为与生物-心理-社会的综合因素有关。     

20世纪末广西人口自杀死亡率的流行病学调查研究

目的:查明20世纪末广西人口自杀死亡的发生强度,研究自杀死亡的各种有关因素和预防自杀的策略措施.方法:以分层随机整群抽样的方法,确定调查样本.结果:自杀的粗死亡率为14.87/105;自杀死者的年龄为6～94岁,中位数为38.68岁;每位自杀死者平均减寿27.92岁;女性的自杀死亡危险性高于男性;男女两性在20～岁年龄组,自杀死亡率均呈突然陡升;在20岁以上的人群中,有配偶者的自杀死亡率低于其他各种婚姻状况者;受教育程度较高者,其自杀死亡率较低.以上差异,均有统计学显著性.结论:妇女在家庭与社会中的地位问题,青年人的升学、就业与婚姻问题,老年人对家庭与社会的特殊需求问题,等等,都是自杀的预防与控制的关键问题.