Health status, adherence with health recommendations, self-efficacy and social support in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

A study was performed in 86 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) to assess their health problems, the problems they experience in adhering to health recommendations and the relationships of these problems with self-efficacy and social support. Feeling dependent, disability and pain were the most important health related problems. The results showed self-efficacy to be related to the subjective experience of health status as measured by DUTCH-AIMS. Social emotional support was not related to health status and contrary to what we expected social instrumental support was positively related to health status. The majority of the patients (55%) experienced adherence problems with health recommendations. These problems were not related to functional incapacity, pain or other aspects of health status but to the patient's self-efficacy expectations about coping with arthritis. Our conclusion is that to improve the self-management of disability and pain and adherence to health recommendations, patient education should be aimed at strengthening self-efficacy expectations in which social emotional support might be a motivating factor.     

The influence of social environmental condition on the production of stress-induced 22 kHz calls in adult male Wistar rats

Adult rats emit 22 kHz ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) in response to aversive stimuli, and these sounds are suggested to have communicative information among conspecifics. It is conceivable that social environment during development of rats has relevance to the emission of 22 kHz USVs. To examine the effects of social environment after weaning on production of stress-induced USVs, we compared the amount of emission of USVs among three groups of rats reared under different conditions after weaning. One group of rats was housed individually, and the other two groups were housed in pairs, in which social hierarchy of the pair was determined by social dominance-subordination relationships. The USVs were induced by acute mild somatic stimuli on the back and neck. Individually reared rats emitted much fewer USVs than pair-reared rats. In addition, socially subordinate rats emitted more USVs compared with socially dominant ones. These results suggest that not only social interaction but also the status in social hierarchy may play an important role in the process of the development of USVs induced by somatic stimuli.     

大学生群体中社会支持、自我效能感在应激与抑郁间的作用

目的:探讨社会支持、自我效能感在应激/抑郁间的作用机制。方法:对370名大学生施测流调中心用抑郁量表(CED-S)、青少年生活事件量表(ASLEC)、社会支持评定量表(SSRS)、一般自我效能感量表(GSES)。采用层次回归分析和复回归分析验证社会支持、自我效能感在应激/抑郁间的作用。结果:社会支持×应激显著预测了抑郁的变化;自我效能感中介了应激与抑郁的关系。结论:社会支持、自我效能感在应激/抑郁间的作用机制是不同的,社会支持是调节变量,自我效能感是中介变量。     

The effect of the β-carboline FG 7142 on the behaviour of male rats in a living cage: An ethological analysis of social and nonsocial behaviour

The effects of FG 7142, a -carboline benzodiazepine receptor partial inverse agonist, on the social behavior of pair-housed rats were investigated. Four 6-min dyadic social encounters in a living cage were observed in a paradigm in which one member of a pair of rats was injected. The four injection groups (n=8) were vehicle control, and FG 7142 at 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 mg/kg, respectively. All injections were administered 2 min before the start of the first observation trial. Compared to the effects of vehicle alone, FG 7142 decreased aggressive behaviour but did not change the level of total social interaction. Thus there were compensating increases in approaching and avoiding behaviours following the administration of FG 7142. Locomotion declined marginally and immobility increased in FG 7142-injected rats. FG 7142 decreased the incidence of self-grooming. The evidence is consistent with a relatively selective reduction in intraspecies aggression in male rats after the injection of the -carboline inverse agonist.     

实施员工关爱计划保障医务人员职业安全与健康

医务人员的身心健康和执业满意度直接影响医疗服务质量。复旦大学附属华山医院从员工需求切入,建立并实施员工关爱计划:横向包括身心健康、社会支持、个人成长与职业生涯发展等;纵向贯彻危机前、危机中、危机后三级援助体系。实践后,员工满意度、社会支持水平、幸福感有所提升,职业倦怠阳性率有所下降。员工关爱计划在管理理念、方案完善、人才培养等方面还有待进一步改进。     

疫情防控常态化背景下疫苗集中接种点医务人员职业倦怠现况调查

目的 本研究调查新冠疫苗全面接种时期相关医务人员的职业倦怠状况,探讨个体因素以及社会支持对倦怠水平的影响。方法 在南京市12个行政区中随机抽取4个辖区的新冠疫苗集中接种点,将全部医务人员共428名作为研究对象进行问卷调查,问卷包括人口学特征、中文版职业倦怠量表和社会支持量表。结果 医务人员情感耗竭、人格解体、个人成就感降低维度得分分别为(17.99±7.89)、(7.20±3.52)和(12.07±5.30)分。多元线性回归分析结果显示,上司支持(β=-0.180, P< 0.05)、同事支持(β=-0.180, P< 0.05)为情感耗竭的保护因素,已婚、问诊岗位为情感耗竭的危险因素(β=0.161、β=0.095,P值均< 0.05),女性是人格解体的保护因素(β=-0.096,P< 0.05),亲友支持(β=-0.235, P< 0.05)是人格解体的保护因素,已婚是人格解体的危险因素(β=0.142,P< 0.05),同事支持(β=-0.168, P< 0.05)、亲友支持(β=-0.210, P< 0.05)、工龄(β=-0.154, P< 0.05)为个人成就感降低的保护因素,硕士学历是个人成就感降低的危险因素(β=0.126,P < 0.05)。结论 重视提高全方面社会支持,重点关注已婚、男性、硕士学历以及较短工龄医务人员的心理健康。     

山东省社区空巢老人社会支持与自理能力现状及关联研究

目的 探讨城市社区空巢老人社会支持与自理能力现状,并分析社会支持对空巢老人自理能力的影响。方法 采取多阶段分层随机抽样方法,抽取山东省城市社区卫生服务机构的2597名空巢老人作为研究对象,采用自编一般资料调查表、社会支持评定量表（SSRS）、日常生活活动能力量表（ADL）进行调查。结果 山东省社区空巢老人社会支持评分为低、中水平占97.2%,ADL受损者占74.1%;社会支持总评分（r=-0.137,P＜0.01）及其主观支持（r=-0.150,P＜0.01）、客观支持（r=-0.086,P＜0.01）维度与日常生活活动能力呈负相关;回归结果显示,不同性别、年龄、婚姻状况、文化程度、患慢性病情况、两周患病情况、社会支持是ADL的影响因素,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 社区空巢老人自理能力较差,社会支持水平较低,社会支持与空巢老人自理能力呈负相关。通过“政府-社区-家庭”支持系统加强对空巢老人的社会支持,提升老年人自我照顾能力,提高其生活质量。     

社会融合对流动老人基本公共卫生服务利用的影响研究

目的 了解流动老人基本公共卫生服务利用情况,以及社会融合对基本公共卫生服务利用的影响。方法 于2021年7—12月,采用方便抽样的方法,抽取广州市、深圳市、江门市452名流动老人进行问卷调查。采用二元logistic回归模型分析流动老人社会融合对建立健康档案、接受健康教育和老年人健康管理之间的影响。结果 在452名流动老人中,60.8%建立了居民健康档案,接受过健康教育和老年人健康管理的分别有64.4%和60.0%。Logistic分析结果显示,流动老人的居民健康档案行为受到月消费水平（B = 0.368,P＜0.05）、社区文体活动参与程度（B = 0.362,P＜0.01）、居留意愿（B = 0.408,P＜0.001）、年龄（B = - 0. 513,P＜0.01）、户籍类型（B = 0.742,P＜0.01）、流动类型（B = - 0.539,P＜0.05）等变量的影响;健康教育服务利用行为受到社区文体活动参与程度（B = 0.354,P＜0.01）、年龄（B = - 0.411,P＜0.05）、户籍类型（B = 0.561,P＜0.05）的影响;老年人健康管理服务利用行为受到社区文体活动参与程度（B = 0.291,P＜0.01）、居留意愿（B = 0.239,P＜0.05）、年龄（B = - 0.474,P＜0.05）、流动类型（B = - 0.471,P＜0.05）、流动时间（B = 0.225,P＜0.05）、流动目的（B = 0.328,P＜0.01）的影响。结论 流动老人基本公共卫生服务利用率较低,社会融合会对流动老人的基本公共卫生服务利用产生积极影响。可以通过提高流动老人获得基本公共卫生服务的能力和社会融合水平来促进流动老人的基本公共卫生服务利用,从而实现基本公共服务均等化。     

中国城乡空巢老人社会隔离状况及其影响因素分析

目的 分析我国城乡空巢老人社会隔离状况及其影响因素差异。方法 社会隔离可被分为主观社会隔离和客观社会隔离,基于2014年中国老年社会追踪调查（CLASS）数据,纳入4 705名空巢老人,运用二分类logistic回归模型分析城乡空巢老人社会隔离的影响因素差异。结果 本研究空巢老人社会隔离发生率为51.3%,主、客观社会隔离同时发生率为11.9%,且农村社会隔离发生率（57.3%）高于城镇（47.4%）（χ2 = 43.871,P＜0.001）。无配偶、自评健康较差（OR = 1.635,95%CI:1.322～2.022;OR = 1.410,95%CI:1.119～1.777）、患有慢性病、低个人年收入、与子女见面（OR = 2.322,95%CI:1.457～3.701;OR = 2.858,95%CI:1.648～4.955）和电话联系频率低是城乡空巢老人出现社会隔离的危险因素,且ADL受损也是城乡空巢老人同时出现主、客观社会隔离的危险因素;教育程度和个人年收入是城镇空巢老人社会隔离发生的特有因素。结论 我国空巢老人社会隔离存在城乡差异,农村空巢老人社会隔离发生率高于城镇,应对城乡空巢老人采取针对性的干预措施。     

中文版感知社会支持量表在老年癌症患者中的信效度分析

目的 检验中文版感知社会支持量表（the multidimensional scale of perceived social support, MSPSS）在老年癌症患者中应用的信效度。方法 采用整群抽样的方法,使用中文版感知社会支持量表对老年癌症患者进行调查,并对结果进行信效度检验。结果 共收到有效问卷520份,中文版感知社会支持量表的Cronbach α系数为0.877;探索性因子中共提取出公因子3个,累积方差贡献率为69.5%;通过验证性因子分析得出GFI、CFI、IFI指标范围在0.855～0.921之间。结论 中文版社会支持量表在老年癌症患者中应用具有良好的信效度,可用于评估该人群感知社会支持水平。